RabbitMQ实战教程(五)-路由模式

灰太狼 2021-09-27 11:12 482阅读 0赞

### 1. 路由模式 ###

> 跟订阅模式类似,只不过在订阅模式的基础上加上路由,订阅模式是分发到所有绑定到该交换机的队列,路由模式只分发到绑定在该交换机上面指定的路由键队列.

![165e319389396035_w_393_h_170_f_png_s_18586][]

### 2. Direct 直接交换机 ###

直连交换机(`Direct Exchange`)是一种带路由功能的交换机,它将消息中的`Routing Key`与该交换机关联的所有`Binding`中的`Routing Key`进行比较,如果`完全相等`将消息发送到`Binding`对应的队列中 .

适用场景 : 根据任务的优先级把消息发送到对应的队列中,分配更多资源处理优先级高的队列.

生产者声明一个direct类型的交换机,然后发送消息到这个交换机指定路由键. 消费者指定消费交换机的路由键,即可以接到到消息,其他消费者接收不到 .

在`Fanout`交换机中

生产者 :

>     // 第二个参数就是路由键 channel.basicPublish(EXCHANE_NAME,"",null,message.getBytes());

消费者 :

>     // 第三个参数就是路由键 channel.queueBind(QUEUE,EXCAHNGE_NAME,"");

![165e31a139535c55_w_433_h_227_f_png_s_25432][]

### 3. 代码演示 ###

> 同样的,只是交换机类型改为`driect`,加了个路由键而已 .
> 
> 这里演示3个,即表示一个日志事件,根据日志类型进行处理

#### 3.1 工具类 ####

package com.makesailing.neo.utils; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * # RabbitMQ连接工具类 * * @Author: jamie.li * @Date: Created in 2018/9/16 14:38 */ public class ConnectionUtils { public static final String host = "127.0.0.1"; public static final Integer port = 5672; public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost(host); connectionFactory.setPort(port); // 如果有 用户名 密码 vhost 配置即可 connectionFactory.setUsername("jamie"); connectionFactory.setPassword("123456"); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/simple"); return connectionFactory.newConnection(); } }

#### 3.2 日志生产者 ####

package com.makesailing.neo.provider; import com.makesailing.neo.utils.ConnectionUtils; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * # 日志消息 提供者 * * @Author: jamie.li * @Date: Created in 2018/9/16 22:41 */ public class LogSend { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; private static final String INTO_ROUTING_NAME= "info"; private static final String WARN_ROUTING_NAME= "warn"; private static final String ERROR_ROUTING_NAME= "error"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { // 创建连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection(); // 获取信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 声明一个direct 路由交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); // 发送info路由键消息 String infoMessage = "Hello RabbitMQ Info Log"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, INTO_ROUTING_NAME, null, infoMessage.getBytes()); System.out.println(" LogSend routing info message : '" + infoMessage + "'"); // 发送warn路由键消息 String warnMessage = "Hello RabbitMQ Warn Log"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, WARN_ROUTING_NAME, null, warnMessage.getBytes()); System.out.println(" LogSend routing warn message : '" + warnMessage + "'"); // 发送info路由键消息 String errorMessage = "Hello RabbitMQ Error Log"; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ERROR_ROUTING_NAME, null, errorMessage.getBytes()); System.out.println(" LogSend routing error message : '" + errorMessage + "'"); channel.close(); connection.close(); } }

#### 3.3 error日志消费者 ####

package com.makesailing.neo.consumer; import com.makesailing.neo.utils.ConnectionUtils; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * # 错误日志 消费者 * * @Author: jamie.li * @Date: Created in 2018/9/16 23:09 */ public class ErrorReceive { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; // info日志队列 private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_routing_error"; private static final String ERROR_ROUTING_NAME= "error"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { // 获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection(); // 打开通道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 申明要消费的队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ERROR_ROUTING_NAME); // 这样RabbitMQ就会使得每个Consumer在同一个时间点最多处理一个Message。换句话说，在接收到该Consumer的ack前，他它不会将新的Message分发给它。 channel.basicQos(1); // 创建一个回调的消费者处理类 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { // 接收到的消息 String message = new String(body); System.out.println(" ErrorReceive '" + message + "' , 任务处理中"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(" ErrorReceive done "); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }; // 消费消息 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); } }

#### 3.4 info日志消费者 ####

package com.makesailing.neo.consumer; import com.makesailing.neo.utils.ConnectionUtils; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * # info 日志消费者 * * @Author: jamie.li * @Date: Created in 2018/9/16 23:02 */ public class InfoReceive { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; // info日志队列 private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_routing_info"; private static final String INTO_ROUTING_NAME= "info"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { // 获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection(); // 打开通道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 申明要消费的队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, INTO_ROUTING_NAME); // 这样RabbitMQ就会使得每个Consumer在同一个时间点最多处理一个Message。换句话说，在接收到该Consumer的ack前，他它不会将新的Message分发给它。 channel.basicQos(1); // 创建一个回调的消费者处理类 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { // 接收到的消息 String message = new String(body); System.out.println(" InfoReceive '" + message + "' , 任务处理中"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(" InfoReceive done "); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }; // 消费消息 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); } }

#### 3.5 warn日志消费者 ####

package com.makesailing.neo.consumer; import com.makesailing.neo.utils.ConnectionUtils; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * # 警告日志 消费者 * * @Author: jamie.li * @Date: Created in 2018/9/16 23:09 */ public class WarnReceive { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; // info日志队列 private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_routing_warn"; private static final String INTO_ROUTING_NAME= "info"; private static final String WARN_ROUTING_NAME= "warn"; private static final String ERROR_ROUTING_NAME= "error"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { // 获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection(); // 打开通道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 申明要消费的队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, WARN_ROUTING_NAME); //channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, INTO_ROUTING_NAME); //channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ERROR_ROUTING_NAME); // 这样RabbitMQ就会使得每个Consumer在同一个时间点最多处理一个Message。换句话说，在接收到该Consumer的ack前，他它不会将新的Message分发给它。 channel.basicQos(1); // 创建一个回调的消费者处理类 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { // 接收到的消息 String message = new String(body); System.out.println("WarnReceive '" + message + "' , 任务处理中"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(" WarnReceive done "); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }; // 消费消息 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); } }

### 4. 测试 ###

提前在`RabbitMQ Management`创建一个`direct`交换机，或者先执行一次生产者（执行时会判断交换机是否存在，不存在则创建交换机），这样保证交换机存在，不然直接启动消费者会提示交换机不存在。

**注意点**

> 如果在没有队列绑定在交换机上面时，往交换机发送消息会丢失，之后绑定在交换机上面的队列接收不到之前的消息，也就是先执行第一次发送，创建了交换机，但是还没有队列绑定在交换机上面，如果这次发送的消息就会丢失。

然后再启动3上消费者,最后在启动生产者.

**运行结果 :**

![165e5021a8d39431_w_753_h_338_f_png_s_60750][]

![165e503f2157a363_w_724_h_261_f_png_s_45057][]

![165e50422ceed4ab_w_595_h_244_f_png_s_42787][]

![165e5045e7651a7a_w_740_h_276_f_png_s_46682][]

### 5. 多绑定情况 ###

#### 5.1 同一消费者绑定队列多个路由键 ####

>     channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "info"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "error"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "warn");

在\`warn消费者中队列绑定多个路由键 :

package com.makesailing.neo.consumer; import com.makesailing.neo.utils.ConnectionUtils; import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer; import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; /** * # 警告日志 消费者 * * @Author: jamie.li * @Date: Created in 2018/9/16 23:09 */ public class WarnReceive { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; // info日志队列 private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_routing_warn"; private static final String INTO_ROUTING_NAME= "info"; private static final String WARN_ROUTING_NAME= "warn"; private static final String ERROR_ROUTING_NAME= "error"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException { // 获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection(); // 打开通道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 申明要消费的队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); // 绑定队列到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, WARN_ROUTING_NAME); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, INTO_ROUTING_NAME); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ERROR_ROUTING_NAME); // 这样RabbitMQ就会使得每个Consumer在同一个时间点最多处理一个Message。换句话说，在接收到该Consumer的ack前，他它不会将新的Message分发给它。 channel.basicQos(1); // 创建一个回调的消费者处理类 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { // 接收到的消息 String message = new String(body); System.out.println("WarnReceive '" + message + "' , 任务处理中"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(" WarnReceive done "); channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false); } } }; // 消费消息 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer); } }

**运行结果:**

![165e508498b16ce6_w_750_h_338_f_png_s_59824][]

> 如果一个消费者绑定了这3个路由键,那么当生产者发送其中一个路由键消息时,该消费者都能接收到消息.

#### 5.2 多个消费者绑定相同的路由键 ####

即消费者1绑定info,消费者2绑定 info、error .

> 那么生产者发送info路由键消息时,消费者1 、2都能接收到消息,发送error路由键消息时,只有消费者2能接收到消息.

[165e319389396035_w_393_h_170_f_png_s_18586]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/9/16/165e319389396035?w=393&h=170&f=png&s=18586
[165e31a139535c55_w_433_h_227_f_png_s_25432]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/9/16/165e31a139535c55?w=433&h=227&f=png&s=25432
[165e5021a8d39431_w_753_h_338_f_png_s_60750]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/9/17/165e5021a8d39431?w=753&h=338&f=png&s=60750
[165e503f2157a363_w_724_h_261_f_png_s_45057]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/9/17/165e503f2157a363?w=724&h=261&f=png&s=45057
[165e50422ceed4ab_w_595_h_244_f_png_s_42787]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/9/17/165e50422ceed4ab?w=595&h=244&f=png&s=42787
[165e5045e7651a7a_w_740_h_276_f_png_s_46682]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/9/17/165e5045e7651a7a?w=740&h=276&f=png&s=46682
[165e508498b16ce6_w_750_h_338_f_png_s_59824]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/9/17/165e508498b16ce6?w=750&h=338&f=png&s=59824