【Linux】Linux8安装docker图文详细步骤以及常用指令

淩亂°似流年 2024-04-01 16:32 27阅读 0赞

![5bc1c2991f544c0da501d45a9a0887d6.png][]

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的Linux或Windows操作系统的机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。

### 切换到源目录，备份原来的源 ###

[root@localhost data]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Linux-* bak
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls

### 下载新的源文件，并用命令yum makecache建立新的元数据缓存 ###

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
    --2022-11-05 08:53:51--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
    Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 117.161.156.242, 117.161.156.239, 117.161.156.243, ...
    Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|117.161.156.242|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 2495 (2.4K) [application/octet-stream]
    Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
    
    /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo    100%[=====================================================================>]   2.44K  --.-KB/s    in 0.02s
    
    2022-11-05 08:53:53 (133 KB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2495/2495]
    
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
    bak  CentOS-Base.repo
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Base.repo
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
    CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                                        171 kB/s | 4.6 MB     00:27
    CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                                       35 kB/s |  10 kB     00:00
    CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com                                                                   139 kB/s | 8.4 MB     01:02
    Metadata cache created.

#### 测试源（用yum命令装个软件试试） ####

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y yum-utils
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:11 ago on Sat 05 Nov 2022 08:55:50 AM CST.
    Dependencies resolved.
    ===================================================================================================================================================
     Package                             Architecture                     Version                                 Repository                      Size
    ===================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     yum-utils                           noarch                           4.0.21-3.el8                            base                            73 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ===================================================================================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total download size: 73 k
    Installed size: 22 k
    Downloading Packages:
    yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm                                                                                   15 kB/s |  73 kB     00:04
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                                                                               15 kB/s |  73 kB     00:04
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                                                                                           1/1
      Installing       : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch                                                                                             1/1
      Running scriptlet: yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch                                                                                             1/1
      Verifying        : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch                                                                                             1/1
    
    Installed:
      yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch
    
    Complete!

### 设置镜像仓库 ###

> yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    Adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

### 安装 docker ###

> \[root@localhost ~\]\# sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                                                                                                                     51 kB/s |  31 kB     00:00
    Dependencies resolved.
    =============================================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                          Architecture                  Version                                                        Repository                               Size
    =============================================================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     containerd.io                                    x86_64                        1.6.9-3.1.el8                                                  docker-ce-stable                         33 M
     docker-ce                                        x86_64                        3:20.10.21-3.el8                                               docker-ce-stable                         21 M
     docker-ce-cli                                    x86_64                        1:20.10.21-3.el8                                               docker-ce-stable                         30 M
     docker-compose-plugin                            x86_64                        2.12.2-3.el8                                                   docker-ce-stable                         10 M
    Installing dependencies:
     container-selinux                                noarch                        2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9                        AppStream                                54 k
     docker-ce-rootless-extras                        x86_64                        20.10.21-3.el8                                                 docker-ce-stable                        4.6 M
     fuse-overlayfs                                   x86_64                        1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101                            AppStream                                73 k
     fuse3                                            x86_64                        3.2.1-12.el8                                                   base                                     50 k
     fuse3-libs                                       x86_64                        3.2.1-12.el8                                                   base                                     94 k
     libslirp                                         x86_64                        4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101                            AppStream                                70 k
     slirp4netns                                      x86_64                        1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101                            AppStream                                51 k
    Installing weak dependencies:
     docker-scan-plugin                               x86_64                        0.21.0-3.el8                                                   docker-ce-stable                        3.8 M
    Enabling module streams:
     container-tools                                                                rhel8
    
    Transaction Summary
    =============================================================================================================================================================================================
    Install  12 Packages
    
    Total download size: 103 M
    Installed size: 394 M
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/12): fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                         75 kB/s |  50 kB     00:00
    (2/12): container-selinux-2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch.rpm                                                                                    76 kB/s |  54 kB     00:00
    (3/12): fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                    82 kB/s |  94 kB     00:01
    (4/12): libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm                                                                                               80 kB/s |  70 kB     00:00
    (5/12): fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm                                                                                         78 kB/s |  73 kB     00:00
    (6/12): slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm                                                                                            86 kB/s |  51 kB     00:00
    (7/12): docker-ce-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                   88 kB/s |  21 MB     04:05
    (8/12): docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                   86 kB/s | 4.6 MB     00:54
    (9/12): docker-ce-cli-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                               87 kB/s |  30 MB     05:48
    (10/12): containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                               87 kB/s |  33 MB     06:26
    (11/12): docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                           86 kB/s | 3.8 MB     00:45
    (12/12): docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                        86 kB/s |  10 MB     02:02
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                                                                                                                        247 kB/s | 103 MB     07:05
    Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                                                                                                                    3.7 kB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00
    Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:
     Userid     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
     Fingerprint: 060A 61C5 1B55 8A7F 742B 77AA C52F EB6B 621E 9F35
     From       : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Key imported successfully
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                                     1/1
      Installing       : docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                             1/12
      Running scriptlet: docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                             1/12
      Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                                                                                                   2/12
      Installing       : container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                                                                                                   2/12
      Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                                                                                                   2/12
      Installing       : containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                 3/12
      Running scriptlet: containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                 3/12
      Installing       : docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                              4/12
      Running scriptlet: docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                              4/12
      Installing       : libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                                                                                                5/12
      Installing       : slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                                                                                             6/12
      Installing       : fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                     7/12
      Running scriptlet: fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                     7/12
      Installing       : fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                          8/12
      Installing       : fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                                                                                          9/12
      Running scriptlet: fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                                                                                          9/12
      Installing       : docker-ce-3:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                 10/12
      Running scriptlet: docker-ce-3:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                 10/12
      Installing       : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                   11/12
      Running scriptlet: docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                   11/12
      Installing       : docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                         12/12
      Running scriptlet: docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                         12/12
      Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                                                                                                  12/12
      Running scriptlet: docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                         12/12
      Verifying        : fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                          1/12
      Verifying        : fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                     2/12
      Verifying        : container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                                                                                                   3/12
      Verifying        : fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                                                                                          4/12
      Verifying        : libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                                                                                                5/12
      Verifying        : slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                                                                                             6/12
      Verifying        : containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                 7/12
      Verifying        : docker-ce-3:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                  8/12
      Verifying        : docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                              9/12
      Verifying        : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                   10/12
      Verifying        : docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                         11/12
      Verifying        : docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                            12/12
    
    Installed:
      container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch    containerd.io-1.6.9-3.1.el8.x86_64                           docker-ce-3:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64
      docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64                               docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.21-3.el8.x86_64              docker-compose-plugin-2.12.2-3.el8.x86_64
      docker-scan-plugin-0.21.0-3.el8.x86_64                              fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64    fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64
      fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                      libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64          slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64
    
    Complete!

### 启动Docker ###

sudo systemctl start docker

### 测试 ###

[root@localhost ~]# sudo docker run hello-world
    Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
    2db29710123e: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:e18f0a777aefabe047a671ab3ec3eed05414477c951ab1a6f352a06974245fe7
    Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
    
    Hello from Docker!
    This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
    
    To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
     1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
     2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
        (amd64)
     3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
        executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
     4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
        to your terminal.
    
    To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
     $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
    
    Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
     https://hub.docker.com/
    
    For more examples and ideas, visit:
     https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

### 配置阿里云镜像加速器 ###

**登录阿里云**

[阿里云控制台首页 (aliyun.com)][_aliyun.com]

**打开控制台**

![7bde7288fb9645d28b8ceca6bf65009d.png][]

点击展开

![8f61401a7599447f9686614f67c6ff35.png][]

下滑找到容器镜像服务![3ed300b9d2dc4e69af813660d742875d.png][]

#### 输入指令 ####

![80501e8d0a64491eb6e461231021bc54.png][]

### 输入指令进行测试 ###

sudo docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
    This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
    
    To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
     1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
     2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
        (amd64)
     3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
        executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
     4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
        to your terminal.
    
    To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
     $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
    
    Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
     https://hub.docker.com/
    
    For more examples and ideas, visit:
     https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

## 常用命令 ##

#### 启动docker ####

systemctl start docker

#### 停止docker ####

systemctl stop docker

#### 查看docker状态 ####

systemctl status docker

#### 重启 ####

systemctl restart docker

#### 开机启动 ####

systemctl enable docker

#### 查看信息 ####

docker info

#### 查看帮助文档 ####

docker --help

####     ####

[5bc1c2991f544c0da501d45a9a0887d6.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/3b72802e79fd4528b9c92dacf7ce63f2.png
[_aliyun.com]: https://home.console.aliyun.com/home/dashboard/ProductAndService
[7bde7288fb9645d28b8ceca6bf65009d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/1b31016a46fe41f5ad9b87e46731c324.png
[8f61401a7599447f9686614f67c6ff35.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/74861da5683b4e8d9b962ee21a860955.png
[3ed300b9d2dc4e69af813660d742875d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/d9a3e2b2361d4264aa719a3ae01bb87b.png
[80501e8d0a64491eb6e461231021bc54.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/ff61958307824d518e7f5c6202dc6be5.png