Java多线程通信：同步和异步案例分析

原创以你之姓@ 2025-03-16 22:12 47阅读 0赞

Java多线程通信主要涉及到两种方式：同步和异步。下面将分别分析这两种情况的案例。

1. 同步通信案例：
   - 线程池示例：
   ```java
   import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
   import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ThreadPoolExample {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

// 同步任务，线程池会保证一个任务执行完才能开始新的任务
           for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
               executor.submit(() -> {
                   System.out.println("Task " + i + " is running.");
                   try {
                       Thread.sleep(2000); // 模拟耗时操作
                   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                       e.printStackTrace();
                   }
                   System.out.println("Task " + i + " completed.");
               });
           }

executor.shutdown(); // 关闭线程池，不再接受新的任务

while (!executor.isTerminated())) { // 确保所有任务完成
               System.out.println("Waiting for all tasks to complete...");
               try {
                   Thread.sleep(1000);
               } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }

executor.shutdownNow(); // 平衡线程池，不再接受新的任务且立即关闭

System.out.println("\nAll tasks completed and shutdown gracefully.\n");
       }
   }
   ```
2. 异步通信案例：
   - Java使用`Future<T>`和`ExecutorService`进行异步操作的示例：
   ```java
   import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
   import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class AsyncExample {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

// 异步任务，线程池会保证一个任务执行完才能开始新的任务
           for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
               executor.submit(() -> {
                   System.out.println("Async Task " + i + " is running.");
                   try {
                       Thread.sleep(2000); // 模拟耗时操作
                   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                       e.printStackTrace();
                   }
                   System.out.println("Async Task " + i + " completed.");
               });
           }

executor.shutdown(); // 关闭线程池，不再接受新的任务

while (!executor.isTerminated())) { // 确保所有异步任务完成
               System.out.println("Waiting for all async tasks to complete...");
               try {
                   Thread.sleep(1000);
               } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }

executor.shutdownNow(); // 平衡线程池，不再接受新的任务且立即关闭

System.out.println("\nAll async tasks completed and shutdown gracefully.\n");
       }
   }
   ```
以上两种方式都是Java多线程通信的重要手段。