Python中面向对象编程（OOP）基础实例

原创迈不过友情╰ 2025-01-17 13:15 106阅读 0赞

在Python中，面向对象编程（OOP）主要通过定义类和创建对象来实现。以下是一些基础实例：

1. 定义一个类

```python
class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

# 创建对象
person1 = Person("Alice", 25)
```

2. 继承父类

```python
class Student(Person):
    def study(self):
        print(f"{self.name} is studying.")

# 创建子类对象
student = Student("Bob", 18))
student.study()  # 输出：Bob is studying.
```

3. 封装数据

```python
class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, account_number, balance=0):
        self.account_number = account_number
        self.balance = balance

def deposit(self, amount):
        self.balance += amount

def withdraw(self, amount):
        if amount > self.balance:
            print("Insufficient balance.")
        else:
            self.balance -= amount

# 创建账户实例
account = BankAccount(123456)
account.deposit(1000)  # 存款1000元
print(account.balance)  # 输出：11000

account.withdraw(5000)  # 提取5000元
print(account.balance)  # 输出：6000（余额）

# 账户余额在指定范围内的方法示例：
def check_balance_range(account, min_amount, max_amount):
    current_balance = account.balance
    if min_amount <= current_balance <= max_amount:
        return f"Balance is within the range: {min_amount} - {max_amount}."
    else:
        return f"Balance is out of the range: {min_amount} - {max_amount}."

# 测试余额是否在指定范围内的方法
print(check_balance_range(account, 5000, 7000)), "示例输出：")
```

以上实例展示了Python中面向对象编程的基本概念，包括定义类、创建子类、封装数据以及使用方法检查余额等。