掌握Python面向对象编程：经典案例

原创矫情吗；* 2025-01-14 18:15 82阅读 0赞

Python是一种强大的、灵活的面向对象编程（OOP）语言。在OOP中，主要通过类和对象来实现。

下面是一些经典的Python OOP案例：

1. **汽车类**：
```python
class Car:
    def __init__(self, brand, color):
        self.brand = brand
        self.color = color

def start_engine(self):
        print(f"{self.brand} {self.color} engine started.")

car = Car("Toyota", "Blue")
car.start_engine()  # 输出：Toyota Blue engine started.
```

2. **学生类**：
```python
class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, grade):
        self.name = name
        self.grade = grade

def update_grade(self, new_grade):
        if 0 <= new_grade <= 10:
            self.grade = new_grade
        else:
            print("Invalid grade!"))

student = Student("Alice", 8)
student.update_grade(9)  # 输出：Invalid grade!
student.update_grade(75)  # 输出：Invalid grade! (重复错误提示)
```

3. **工厂模式**：
```python
class Product:
    def __init__(self, name, price):
        self.name = name
        self.price = price

class Factory:
    @staticmethod
    def create_product(name, price, category='default'):
        if category == 'Electronics':
            return ElectronicProduct(name, price)
        elif category == 'Clothing':
            return ClothingProduct(name, price)
        else:
            return Product(name, price)

class ElectronicProduct(Product):
    def __init__(self, name, price):
        super().__init__(name, price)
        self.category = 'Electronics'

product1 = Factory.create_product('Phone', 500, category='Electronics'))
print(product1.name)  # 输出：Phone

product2 = Factory.create_product('T-Shirt', 20, category='Clothing'))
print(product2.name)  # 输出：T-Shirt
```

以上就是Python面向对象编程的一些经典案例，包括创建汽车、学生类，以及使用工厂模式来创建产品。