在vm下用ubuntu 18.04安装minikube(5分钟完成kubernetes搭建)

╰半橙微兮° 2024-04-19 13:15 76阅读 0赞

原本想用kubeadm来安装k8s，结果折腾了半天没有成功，在看了下k8s的官方文档后发现还有个叫做minikube的东西可以用来快速安装k8s集群。虽然是一个假的k8s集群，但对于开发的我用来研究学习用也够了，而且也只需要一台机器就够了，感觉很方便。

先上安装好后minikube并访问dashboard的截图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3B1aGFpeWFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

## 安装环境说明 ##

软件环境：**vm（cpu有2核或以上并开启了虚拟化，内存2G以上，硬盘空间大于20G）**

如果没有开启，在虚拟机系统关机状态下修改即可：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3B1aGFpeWFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

虚拟机系统为：**Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS(desktop)**

minikube启动方式为：**[VirtualBox][]**

## 安装过程 ##

整体安装过程还算是比较简单的，看官方的教程即可：

[https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_tools_install-minikube]

其主要步骤大致分为如下几步：

1.  安装virtualBox
2.  安装docker
3.  下载并安装kubectl
4.  下载并安装minikube
5.  以virtualBox启动minikube

### 1.virtualBox安装 ###

官方文档：[https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux\_Downloads][https_www.virtualbox.org_wiki_Linux_Downloads]

root@ubuntu:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
    # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib

先在etc/apt/source.list中添加并修改deb的源，这里用的清华大学的deb源，以便加速下载速度。

其中最后一行为virtualbox的安装源

然后分别执行如下命令导入key:

wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
    wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

返回ok代表成功

然后先更新源,再执行virtualbox的安装

>     sudo apt-get update
>     sudo apt-get install virtualbox-6.0

等一会儿后virtalbox就会安装好了

### 2.安装docker ###

> sudo apt-get install docker.io

### 3.下载并安装kubectl ###

*其实这里应该叫做下载并移动kubectl更合适一点*

> sudo curl -Lo kubectl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.10.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && sudo chmod +x kubectl && sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/

如果下载比较慢，可以通过自己的代理进行下载。比如我这里的（192.168.113.1:7078为自己http代理软件开放的ip与端口）：

> export http\_proxy=http://192.168.113.1:7078  
> export https\_proxy=http://192.168.113.1:7078

export配置的代理只对当前对话有效，如果想测试是否代理设置成功可用curl或wget测试。

*用ping的话是不可以的，因为ping是走的icmp协议，与http协议无任何关系*

### 4.下载并安装minikube ###

*其实这里应该叫做下载并移动minikube更合适一点*

> sudo curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 && sudo chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

### 5.以virtualBox启动minikube ###

>     minikube start

成功后会返回类似如下的信息,此过程可能会比慢，我这里用了几分钟的时间才执行完：

ping@ubuntu:~$ sudo minikube start
    * minikube v1.3.1 on Ubuntu 18.04
    ! Please don't run minikube as root or with 'sudo' privileges. It isn't necessary with virtualbox driver.
    * Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2000MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
    * Preparing Kubernetes v1.15.2 on Docker 18.09.8 ...
    * Pulling images ...
    * Launching Kubernetes ...
    * Waiting for: apiserver proxy etcd scheduler controller dns
    * Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube"

然后再运行下dashboard就可以了:

> sudo minikube dashboard

ping@ubuntu:~$ sudo minikube dashboard
    * Verifying dashboard health ...
    * Launching proxy ...
    * Verifying proxy health ...
    * Opening http://127.0.0.1:40955/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...
    Running Firefox as root in a regular user's session is not supported.  ($HOME is /home/ping which is owned by ping.)
    Running Firefox as root in a regular user's session is not supported.  ($HOME is /home/ping which is owned by ping.)
    Running Firefox as root in a regular user's session is not supported.  ($HOME is /home/ping which is owned by ping.)
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: iceweasel: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: seamonkey: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: mozilla: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: epiphany: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: konqueror: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: chromium: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: chromium-browser: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: google-chrome: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: www-browser: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: links2: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: elinks: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: links: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: lynx: not found
    /usr/bin/xdg-open: 851: /usr/bin/xdg-open: w3m: not found
    xdg-open: no method available for opening 'http://127.0.0.1:40955/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/'
    X failed to open browser: exit status 3

虽然上面报错了，但它报的是浏览器的错，没有关系的。然后把提示出来的url自己复制下copy到虚拟机的ubuntu的浏览器里就可以了。

至于后面的更详细的操作参考k8s官方的文档就可以了!

详情请移步：[https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_home]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3B1aGFpeWFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/ef8c9010435c496a823e7c0c66631e89.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3B1aGFpeWFuZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/18/bee10aa26de641869b5474e2b428d8b8.png
[VirtualBox]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_tools_install-minikube]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/
[https_www.virtualbox.org_wiki_Linux_Downloads]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_home]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/