Java请求调用参数格式为form-data类型的接口

爱被打了一巴掌 2024-03-26 19:20 211阅读 0赞

**接口参数使用postman调用如图所示，只能使用form-data格式调用**  
![postman实例][postman]  
**使用java代码发送http请求实现此种方式的接口调用**

public static String doPostForm(String url, HashMap<String, String> map) throws Exception {
        
            String result = "";
            CloseableHttpClient client = null;
            CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
            RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(550000).setConnectTimeout(550000)
                    .setConnectionRequestTimeout(550000).setStaleConnectionCheckEnabled(true).build();
            client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig).build();
            // client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);
    
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uriBuilder.build());
            httpPost.setHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            httpPost.setHeader("Charset", "UTF-8");
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
            List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
    
            while (it.hasNext()) {
        
                Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
                NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
                params.add(pair);
            }
    
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8"));
            try {
        
                response = client.execute(httpPost);
                if (response != null) {
        
                    HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
                    if (resEntity != null) {
        
                        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "UTF-8");
                    }
                }
            } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
        
                throw new RuntimeException("创建连接失败" + e);
            } catch (IOException e) {
        
                throw new RuntimeException("创建连接失败" + e);
            }
    
            return result;
        }

**特别说明：form的Content-Type属性为编码方式**

*  **常用有两种**：application/x-www-form-urlencoded和multipart/form-data，默认为application/x-www-form-urlencoded。
 *  **x-www-form-urlencoded**：当action为get时候，浏览器用x-www-form-urlencoded的编码方式把form数据转换成一个字串（name1=value1&name2=value2…），然后把这个字串append到url后面，用?分割，加载这个新的url。
 *  **multipart/form-data**：当action为post时候，浏览器把form数据封装到http body中，然后发送到server。 如果没有type=file的控件，用默认的application/x-www-form-urlencoded就可以了。 但是如果有type=file的话，就要用到multipart/form-data了。浏览器会把整个表单以控件为单位分割，并为每个部分加上Content-Disposition(form-data或者file),Content-Type(默认为text/plain),name(控件name)等信息，并加上分割符(boundary)。

[postman]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/26/58747c6c5dcd4147b4a6f5aec4cdc77c.png