一次性口令机制java实现（信息安全）

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2024-02-18 16:02 77阅读 0赞

在信息学中，密码也叫口令，要实现登录验证，每次网络传输的口令都不一致，故称为一次性口令机制。

这里实现简单的一次性口令机制：（SpringMVC实现）  
![Center][]

思路：用验证码代替时间戳，将密码（口令）通过md5算法加密，再将验证码加在后面，然后再用md5算法加密，在网络传输过程中以密文的形式传输到后台管理。后台数据库保存的是用md5算法加密的密码，将该密文加上保存在session范围内的验证码用md5算法加密，得到的密文与请求中的口令对比，如配对，则验证成功，否则，验证失败。

MD5加密：

EncryptionByMD5.java

package com.dw.controller;
    
    public class EncryptionByMD5 {
    
    		public static String getMD5(byte[] source) {
    			String s = null;
    			char hexDigits[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
    					'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };// 用来将字节转换成16进制表示的字符
    			try {
    				java.security.MessageDigest md = java.security.MessageDigest
    						.getInstance("MD5");
    				md.update(source);
    				byte tmp[] = md.digest();// MD5 的计算结果是一个 128 位的长整数，
    				// 用字节表示就是 16 个字节
    				char str[] = new char[16 * 2];// 每个字节用 16 进制表示的话，使用两个字符， 所以表示成 16
    				// 进制需要 32 个字符
    				int k = 0;// 表示转换结果中对应的字符位置
    				for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {// 从第一个字节开始，对 MD5 的每一个字节// 转换成 16
    					// 进制字符的转换
    					byte byte0 = tmp[i];// 取第 i 个字节
    					str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];// 取字节中高 4 位的数字转换,// >>>
    					// 为逻辑右移，将符号位一起右移
    					str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];// 取字节中低 4 位的数字转换
    
    				}
    				s = new String(str);// 换后的结果转换为字符串
    
    			} catch (Exception e) {
    				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}
    			return s;
    		}
    		
    		public static void main(String[] args){
    		
    			String test=EncryptionByMD5.getMD5("abc123".getBytes());
    			//test = e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03
    			System.out.println(test);
    
    		}
    
    }

验证码实现：RandomValidateCode.java：

package com.dw.controller;
    
    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Font;
    import java.awt.Graphics;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    	/**
    	 * 验证码生成类
    	 */
    	public class RandomValidateCode {
    	    
    	    public static final String RANDOMCODEKEY= "RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY";//放到session中的key     
    	    //private String randString = "0123456789";//随机产生只有数字的字符串 private String
    	    //private String randString = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//随机产生只有字母的字符串
    	    private String randString = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//随机产生数字与字母组合的字符串  
    	    private int width = 95;// 图片宽  
    	    private int height = 25;// 图片高  
    	    private int lineSize = 40;// 干扰线数量  
    	    private int stringNum = 4;// 随机产生字符数量  
    	    
    	    private Random random = new Random(); 
    	 
    	    /*
    	     * 获得字体
    	     */ 
    	    private Font getFont() { 
    	        return new Font("Fixedsys", Font.CENTER_BASELINE, 18); 
    	    } 
    	 
    	    /*
    	     * 获得颜色
    	     */ 
    	    private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) { 
    	        if (fc > 255) 
    	            fc = 255; 
    	        if (bc > 255) 
    	            bc = 255; 
    	        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 16); 
    	        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 14); 
    	        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 18); 
    	        return new Color(r, g, b); 
    	    } 
    	 
    	    /**
    	     * 生成随机图片
    	     */ 
    	    public void getRandcode(HttpServletRequest request, 
    	            HttpServletResponse response) { 
    	        HttpSession session = request.getSession(); 
    	        // BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类  
    	        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
    	        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();// 产生Image对象的Graphics对象,该对象可以在图像上进行各种绘制操作  
    	        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); 
    	        g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ROMAN_BASELINE, 18)); 
    	        g.setColor(getRandColor(110, 133)); 
    	        // 绘制干扰线  
    	        for (int i = 0; i <= lineSize; i++) { 
    	            drowLine(g); 
    	        } 
    	        // 绘制随机字符  
    	        String randomString = ""; 
    	        for (int i = 1; i <= stringNum; i++) { 
    	            randomString = drowString(g, randomString, i); 
    	        } 
    	        //将生成的随机字符串保存到session中，而jsp界面通过session.getAttribute("RANDOMCODEKEY")，  
    	        //获得生成的验证码，然后跟用户输入的进行比较  
    	        session.removeAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY);
    	        session.setAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY, randomString);
    	        g.dispose(); 
    	        try { 
    	            // 将内存中的图片通过流动形式输出到客户端  
    	            ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream()); 
    	        } catch (Exception e) { 
    	            e.printStackTrace(); 
    	        } 
    	 
    	    } 
    	 
    	    /*
    	     * 绘制字符串
    	     */ 
    	    private String drowString(Graphics g, String randomString, int i) { 
    	        g.setFont(getFont()); 
    	        g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(101), random.nextInt(111), random 
    	                .nextInt(121))); 
    	        String rand = String.valueOf(getRandomString(random.nextInt(randString 
    	                .length()))); 
    	        randomString += rand; 
    	        g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(3)); 
    	        g.drawString(rand, 13 * i, 16); 
    	        return randomString; 
    	    } 
    	 
    	    /*
    	     * 绘制干扰线
    	     */ 
    	    private void drowLine(Graphics g) { 
    	        int x = random.nextInt(width); 
    	        int y = random.nextInt(height); 
    	        int xl = random.nextInt(13); 
    	        int yl = random.nextInt(15); 
    	        g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl); 
    	    } 
    	 
    	    /*
    	     * 获取随机的字符
    	     */ 
    	    public String getRandomString(int num) { 
    	        return String.valueOf(randString.charAt(num)); 
    	    } 
    	}

Controller.java:

package com.dw.controller;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    
    import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/validateCode")
    public class YanZhengMaController {
    	 @RequestMapping("/getVerify")
    	    public void getVerify(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
    	        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");//设置相应类型,告诉浏览器输出的内容为图片  
    	        response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");//设置响应头信息，告诉浏览器不要缓存此内容  
    	        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); 
    	        response.setDateHeader("Expire", 0); 
    	        RandomValidateCode randomValidateCode = new RandomValidateCode(); 
    	        try { 
    	            randomValidateCode.getRandcode(request, response);//输出验证码图片方法  
    	        } catch (Exception e) { 
    	            e.printStackTrace(); 
    	        } 
    	    } 
    
    	    /**
    	     * 登录页面校验验证码
    	     */
    	    @RequestMapping("/checkVerify")
    	    @ResponseBody
    	    public String checkVerify(String inputStr, HttpSession session){
    	        //从session中获取随机数
    	        String random = (String) session.getAttribute("RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY");
    	        if(random.equals(inputStr)){
    	            return "T";//验证码正确
    	        }else{
    	            return "F";//验证码错误
    	        }
    	    }
    	    
    	    /*
    	     * 口令、口令+验证码加密
    	     */
    	    @RequestMapping("/jiami")
    	    @ResponseBody	    
    	    public String jiaMi(String inputStr, HttpSession session){
    	    	EncryptionByMD5 md5 = new EncryptionByMD5();
    	    	String jiami = md5.getMD5(inputStr.getBytes());
    	    	return jiami;
    	    }
    	    
    	    /*
    	     * 验证成功输出界面
    	     */
    	    @SuppressWarnings("static-access")
    		@RequestMapping("/checkOk")
    	    public String checkOk(HttpServletRequest request,HttpSession session) {
    	    	String password = request.getParameter("password");
    	    	String username = request.getParameter("username");
    	    	String user = "admin";
    	    	//pwd = abc123 + 验证码
    	    	String pwd = "e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03" + (String) session.getAttribute("RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY");
    	    	EncryptionByMD5 encryptionByMD5 = new EncryptionByMD5();
    	    	pwd = encryptionByMD5.getMD5(pwd.getBytes());
    //	    	System.out.println("pwd:"+pwd);
    //	    	System.out.println("password:"+password);
    	    	if(!user.equals(username) || !pwd.equals(password)){
    	    		return "redirect:error.jsp";
    	    	}
    			return "redirect:ok.jsp";
    		}
    }

jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
    
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>登陆页面</title>
        <meta name="viewport"
              content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
        <script language="javascript" src="js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
        
        <script type="text/javascript">
          $(document.body).ready(function () {
        //首次获取验证码
        $("#imgVerify").attr("src","/SpringMVC01/validateCode/getVerify.do?"+Math.random());
          });
    
    
    //获取验证码
    function getVerify(obj,str){
        obj.src = str+"/validateCode/getVerify.do?"+Math.random();
    }
    //验证码出错- 刷新验证码
    function getVerify2(str){
     $("#imgVerify").attr("src",str+"/validateCode/getVerify.do?"+Math.random());
    }
    
    //校验验证码
    function checkSum(str){
        var inputStr = $(".check_input").val();
        if(inputStr!=null && inputStr!=""){
            inputStr = inputStr.toUpperCase();//将输入的字母全部转换成大写
            $.ajax({
                url : str+"/validateCode/checkVerify.do",
                data: {inputStr:inputStr},
                success : function(datas) {
                    if(datas == "T"){
                        //$("#form1").submit();//提交表单
                        jiami(str);
                    }else{
                        getVerify2(str); //出错时更换验证码
                        $(".check_input").val("");
                        $(".warn_text").text("验证码输入错误！");
                        $(".login_form_warn").css("display","block");
                    }
                }
            });
        }else{
            getVerify2(str); //出错时更换验证码
            $(".warn_text").text("请输入验证码");
            $(".login_form_warn").css("display","block");
        }
    }
    
    
        function jiami(str){
          var pwd = document.getElementById("password").value;
          var inputStr = $(".check_input").val().toUpperCase();
          $.ajax({
            url:str+"/validateCode/jiami.do",
            data: {inputStr:pwd},
            success:function(datas){
              //$("#form1").submit();//提交表单
              var klAndYzm = datas + inputStr;
              $.ajax({
               url:str+"/validateCode/jiami.do",
               data: {inputStr:klAndYzm},
               success:function(datas){
                document.getElementById("password").value = datas;
                $("#form1").submit();//提交表单
               }
              });
              
            }
          });
          
        }
        
        </script>
        
    </head>
    <body>
    <div class="login_form">
                        <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/validateCode/checkOk.do" method='post' id="form1">
                                <input type="text" name="username" id="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                                <input type="password" name="password" id="password" placeholder="请输入密码">
                        </form>
                        <input class="check_input" type="text"  placeholder="请输入验证码" >
                        <img id="imgVerify" src="" alt="点击更换验证码" width="112" height="36" οnclick="getVerify(this,'${pageContext.request.contextPath}');">
                        <div class="login_form_warn_lable"></div>
                        <div class="login_form_warn">
                              <div style="font-size: 10px;color: red;">  <span class="warn_text"></span> </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="login_form_submit">
                                <input class="btn_submit" οnclick="checkSum('${pageContext.request.contextPath}');" type="submit" value="登录"/>
                        </div>
                    </div>
    </body>
    </html>

效果：  
![Center 1][]

[Center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/29/c5f129fc985c4a26b0721ad97b560845.png
[Center 1]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/01/29/d0bfc61fa1c04a279c60b90e9947f297.png