Python办公自动化【Word设置文字样式、Word设置段落样式、Word生成通知书、Word读取内容】(五)-全面详解（学习总结---从入门到深化）

我会带着你远行 2024-02-17 13:25 40阅读 0赞

### ![6c14c2e2521e4f6baba6e6a6dd5da28e.gif][] ###

**目录**

Word设置文字样式

Word设置段落样式

Word生成通知书

Word读取内容

--------------------

### Word设置文字样式 ###

![67f235aac7e149e3ad88cec7eb7d6631.png][]

**常用方法与属性**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;"><span style="color:#0d0016;"><strong>函数名&amp;属性</strong></span></td> 
   <td style="width:240px;"><span style="color:#0d0016;"><strong>含义</strong></span></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.shared.Inches()&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">创建大小(英寸)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.shared.Pt()&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">创建大小(像素)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.shared.RGBColor()&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">创建颜色</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.text.run.Run.font.bold</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">文字加粗</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.text.run.Run.font.italic</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">文字斜体</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.text.run.Run.font.strike</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">文字删除线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.text.run.Run.font.shadow</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">文字阴影</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.text.run.Run.font.size</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">文字大小</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.text.run.Run.font.color.rgb&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">文字颜色</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:508px;">docx.text.run.Run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '字体')&nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="width:240px;">文字字体</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

>  **注意**
> 
> 我们在写word的时候，一般英文采用Arial和新罗马字体，中文是宋体和黑体  
> w:eastAsia是东亚的意思。应该是规定使用中文字体时确认“微软雅黑”是哪个地方的微软雅黑
> 
> 记住即可

**代码**

def use_style():
      from docx import Document
      from docx.shared import Pt,Inches,RGBColor
      # 创建文档
      doc1 = Document()
      # 设置加粗
      p1 = doc1.add_paragraph('这是段落1：\n')
      p1.runs[0].font.bold=True
      # 加粗
      p1.add_run('这是内容1.1_加粗\n').font.bold=True
      # 斜体
      p1.add_run('这是内容1.2_斜体\n').font.italic = True
      # 删除线
      p1.add_run('这是内容1.3_删除线\n').font.strike = True
      # 阴影
      p1.add_run('这是内容1.4_阴影\n').font.shadow = True
      # 字体大小
      p1.add_run('这是内容1.5_字体大小\n').font.size = Pt(30)
      # 颜色 rgb三原色 0-255
      p1.add_run('这是内容1.6_颜色\n').font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255,100,76)
      # 字体
      # p1.add_run('这是内容1.7_字体\n').font.name='微软雅黑' # 只写这个设置不成功的
      run = p1.add_run('这是内容1.7_字体\n')
      from docx.oxml.ns import qn
      '''
     AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'rFonts'
     直接设置字体，会报错，需要先声明字体名称
     '''
      run.font.name=''
     run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'),'微软雅黑')
     
      doc1.save('./create_data/05_设置字体样式.docx')
     
    if __name__ == "__main__":
      use_style()

### Word设置段落样式 ###

![0cc88239b1d946b285ccce221a87c152.png][]

**常用方法与属性**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>函数名&amp;属性&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>含义</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paragraph.paragraph_format.alignment&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>段落内容位置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paragraph.paragraph_format.space_before&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>段落前距离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paragraph.paragraph_format.space_after&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>段落后距离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paragraph.paragraph_format.left_indent&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>段落左边距离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paragraph.paragraph_format.first_line_indent&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>段落首行左边距离</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paragraph.paragraph_format.line_spacing</td> 
   <td>段落间行间距代码</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**代码**

def use_style():
      from docx import Document
      from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
      from docx.shared import Pt
      # 创建文档
      doc1 = Document()
      # 段落居中
      doc1.add_paragraph('这是段落1:').paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
      # 设置整段离左侧距离
      doc1.add_paragraph('Python是一种面向对象的解释型计算机程序设计语言,由荷兰人Guido van Rossum于1989年发明,Python的定位是“优雅”、“明确”、“简单”,所以Python程序看上去总是...').paragraph_format.left_indent =Pt(50)
      # 设置首行左侧距离
      doc1.add_paragraph('Python是一种面向对象的解释型计算机程序设计语言,由荷兰人Guido van Rossum于1989年发明,Python的定位是“优雅”、“明确”、“简单”,所以Python程序看上去总是...').paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Pt(50)
      # 段落离上面的距离
      doc1.add_paragraph('这是段落2:').paragraph_format.space_before=Pt(30)
      # 段落离下面的距离
      doc1.add_paragraph('这是段落3:').paragraph_format.space_after=Pt(30)
      # 设置行间距
      doc1.add_paragraph('这是段落4:')
      doc1.add_paragraph('Python是一种面向对象的解释型计算机程序设计语言,由荷兰人Guido van Rossum于1989年发明,Python的定位是“优雅”、“明确”、“简单”,所以Python程序看上去总是...').paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(50)
     
      doc1.save('./create_data/06_设置段落样式.docx')
    
    
    if __name__ =='__main__':
      use_style()

### Word生成通知书 ###

![038e460fdd0a4c4a8674efee04c9e67d.png][]

**代码**

from docx import Document
    from docx.shared import Pt,RGBColor
    from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT
    
    from docx.oxml.ns import qn
    def create_book():
      # 生成一个文档
      doc1 = Document()
      # 增加标题
      title = doc1.add_paragraph()
      run = title.add_run('录取通知书')
      # 设置标题的样式
      run.font.size = Pt(30)
      run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255,0,0)
      run.font.name = ''
     run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'),'黑体')
      title.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
      # 增加内容
      doc1.add_paragraph('张三 同学：')
      content1 = doc1.add_paragraph('兹录取你入我校 人工智能技术 专业类学习。请凭本通知书来报道。具体时间、地点见《新生入学须知》。')
      # 设置内容样式
     content1.paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Pt(30)
     
     
      # 落款
      footer = doc1.add_paragraph('清华大学\n')
      footer.add_run('二0三0年八月十号')
    
       footer.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.RIGHT
      # 保存文档
      doc1.save('./create_data/07_录取通知书.docx')
    
    def create_book2(name,major,school,_time):
      # 生成一个文档
      doc1 = Document()
      # 增加标题
      title = doc1.add_paragraph()
      run = title.add_run('录取通知书')
      # 设置标题的样式
      run.font.size = Pt(30)
      run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255,0,0)
      run.font.name = ''
     run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'),'黑体')
      title.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
      # 增加内容
      doc1.add_paragraph(f'__{name}__ 同学：')
      content1 = doc1.add_paragraph(f'兹录取你入我校 __{major}__ 专业类学习。请凭本通知书来报道。具体时间、地点见《新生入学须知》。')
      # 设置内容样式
    
    content1.paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Pt(30)
     
     
      # 落款
      footer = doc1.add_paragraph(f'{school}\n')
      footer.add_run(f'{_time}')
      footer.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.RIGHT
      # 保存文档
      doc1.save(f'./create_data/07_录取通知书_{name}.docx')
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
      # create_book()
      create_book2('吕布','人工智能技术','清华大学','二0三0年八月十号')

### Word读取内容 ###

![0aa334b85a364e858963f7b1ee970bdc.png][]

**常用方法与属性**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>函数名&amp;属性</strong></td> 
   <td><strong>含义</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>doc.paragraphs&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>获取段落</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>doc.tables&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>获取表格</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>paragraph.text&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>获取段落内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>table.rows&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>获取行对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>row.cells&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>获取表格对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cell.text&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>获取表格数据</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**代码**

from docx import Document
    def read_word():
      # 打开文档
      doc1 = Document('./base_data/原数据.docx')
      # 读取数据-段落
      for p in doc1.paragraphs:
        print(p.text)
      # 读取表格
      for t in doc1.tables:
        for row in t.rows:
          for c in row.cells:
            print(c.text,end=' ')
          print()
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
      read_word()

**Word通过模板生成文档**

![d36e565fd8864a83a2aadb3d052a34d9.png][]

**代码**

from docx import Document
    def create_word(_data):
      # 打开文档
      doc1 = Document('./base_data/word_模板.docx')
      # 读取里面的数据
      for p in doc1.paragraphs:
        # 替换新数据 如果直接级paragraph的text替换内容，会丢失样式
        # p.text = p.text.replace('{0}','000001')
        # p.text = p.text.replace('{1}','2030')
        # p.text = p.text.replace('{2}','01')
        # p.text = p.text.replace('{3}','01')
        # p.text = p.text.replace('{4}','01')
        # p.text = p.text.replace('{5}','01')
        # p.text = p.text.replace('{6}','闯红灯')
        # p.text =p.text.replace('{7}','600')
        for run in p.runs:
          run.text = run.text.replace('{0}',_data[0])
          run.text = run.text.replace('{1}',_data[1])
          run.text = run.text.replace('{2}',_data[2])
          run.text = run.text.replace('{3}',_data[3])
          run.text = run.text.replace('{4}',_data[4])
          run.text = run.text.replace('{5}',_data[5])
          run.text = run.text.replace('{6}',_data[6])
          run.text = run.text.replace('{7}',_data[7])
      # 保存新文件
      doc1.save(f'./create_data/09_模板生成文档_{_data[0]}.docx')
    if __name__ == '__main__':
      data = [
      ('00001','2030','01','01','01','01','闯红灯','600'),
      ('00002','2030','02','01','01','01','违反禁令','300'),
      ('00003','2030','03','01','01','01','违章停车','300'),
      ('00004','2030','04','01','01','01','挑线','100'), 
      ('00005','2030','05','01','01','01','没礼让行人','300'),
     ]
      for d in data:
        create_word(d)
        # print(d)

[6c14c2e2521e4f6baba6e6a6dd5da28e.gif]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/8fae101ad0fc41729fe2290e93ba3026.png
[67f235aac7e149e3ad88cec7eb7d6631.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/fa93685f01034281a92a3010ab8c8deb.png
[0cc88239b1d946b285ccce221a87c152.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/1167c7e6620b4b4fb6a77f0df1e89baf.png
[038e460fdd0a4c4a8674efee04c9e67d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/1bdbe54cf5924a6396f9828740ab8a8e.png
[0aa334b85a364e858963f7b1ee970bdc.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/1377d5dcaed443119842384f976c5d85.png
[d36e565fd8864a83a2aadb3d052a34d9.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/06/767bfcc6c0b94edbb820dc1fe101c9b9.png