Linux/Ubuntu 的日常升级和安全更新，如何操作？

灰太狼 2023-10-14 23:33 118阅读 0赞

![abc2a29ddf1b46b1b3fb453c0be78d9d.png][]

我安装的是Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS的Windows上Linux子系统版本，启动完成后显示：

![9772c75499fb4813a4e763d511ae628c.png][] Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.90.4-microsoft-standard-WSL2 x86\_64)

\* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com  
\* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com  
\* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage

System information as of Sun Aug 20 09:42:18 CST 2023

System load: 0.64 Processes: 132  
Usage of /: 1.0% of 1006.85GB Users logged in: 0  
Memory usage: 9% IPv4 address for eth0: 172.\*.\*.151  
Swap usage: 0%

\* Strictly confined Kubernetes makes edge and IoT secure. Learn how MicroK8s  
just raised the bar for easy, resilient and secure K8s cluster deployment.

https://ubuntu.com/engage/secure-kubernetes-at-the-edge

Expanded Security Maintenance for Applications is not enabled.

1 update can be applied immediately.  
To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable

8 additional security updates can be applied with ESM Apps.  
Learn more about enabling ESM Apps service at https://ubuntu.com/esm

This message is shown once a day. To disable it please create the  
/home/hann/.hushlogin file.  
![3fbb114c9ac74e73b0a322a953b1a670.png][]

启动信息告知：有1个升级可以立即更新，另外ESM应用程序有8个额外的安全更新。

**更新内容列表：**

hann@HannYang:~$ **apt list --upgradable**  
Listing... Done  
cloud-init/focal-updates 23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1 all \[upgradable from: 23.2.1-0ubuntu0~20.04.2\]  
N: There are 3 additional versions. Please use the '-a' switch to see them.  
hann@HannYang:~$ **apt list --upgradable -a**  
Listing... Done  
cloud-init/focal-updates 23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1 all \[upgradable from: 23.2.1-0ubuntu0~20.04.2\]  
cloud-init/now 23.2.1-0ubuntu0~20.04.2 all \[installed,upgradable to: 23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1\]  
cloud-init/focal-security 23.1.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.2 all  
cloud-init/focal 20.1-10-g71af48df-0ubuntu5 all

**更新升级操作：**

hann@HannYang:~$ **sudo apt upgrade**   
\[sudo\] password for hann: **\*\*\*\*\*\***  
Reading package lists... Done  
Building dependency tree  
Reading state information... Done  
Calculating upgrade... Done  
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:  
exo-utils python2.7-minimal python2.7 libexo-2-0 libexo-common  
libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libexo-helpers  
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro  
\#  
\# You can verify the status of security fixes using the \`pro fix\` command.  
\# E.g., a recent Ruby vulnerability can be checked with: \`pro fix USN-6219-1\`  
\# For more detail see: https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-6219-1  
\#  
The following packages will be upgraded:  
cloud-init  
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.  
Need to get 532 kB of archives.  
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.  
Do you want to continue? \[Y/n\] **Y**  
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 cloud-init all 23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1 \[532 kB\]  
Fetched 532 kB in 2s (226 kB/s)  
Preconfiguring packages ...  
(Reading database ... 156073 files and directories currently installed.)  
Preparing to unpack .../cloud-init\_23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1\_all.deb ...  
Unpacking cloud-init (23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1) over (23.2.1-0ubuntu0~20.04.2) ...  
Setting up cloud-init (23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1) ...  
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...  
Processing triggers for rsyslog (8.2001.0-1ubuntu1.3) ...  
hann@HannYang:~$ **sudo apt upgrade cloud-init/focal-updates cloud-init/now cloud-init/focal-security cloud-init/focal**  
Reading package lists... Done  
Building dependency tree  
Reading state information... Done  
cloud-init is already the newest version (23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1).  
Selected version '23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1' (Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates \[all\]) for 'cloud-init'  
Selected version '23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1' (Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates \[all\]) for 'cloud-init'  
Selected version '23.1.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.2' (Ubuntu:20.04/focal-security \[all\]) for 'cloud-init'  
Selected version '23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1' (Ubuntu:20.04/focal-updates \[all\]) for 'cloud-init'  
Calculating upgrade... Done  
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:  
exo-utils python2.7-minimal python2.7 libexo-2-0 libexo-common  
libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libexo-helpers  
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro  
\#  
\# You can verify the status of security fixes using the \`pro fix\` command.  
\# E.g., a recent Ruby vulnerability can be checked with: \`pro fix USN-6219-1\`  
\# For more detail see: https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-6219-1  
\#  
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.  
hann@HannYang:~$ **apt list --upgradable**  
Listing... Done

**版本号查询：**

hann@HannYang:~$ cat /etc/issue  
Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS \\n \\l

hann@HannYang:~$ uname -r  
5.15.90.4-microsoft-standard-WSL2

本次操作仅为日常升级更新，Ubuntu版本及Linux内核版本都没有升级。

![a7074bf8a03641f08a8ee5b331af00c2.png][]

[abc2a29ddf1b46b1b3fb453c0be78d9d.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/abc2a29ddf1b46b1b3fb453c0be78d9d.png
[9772c75499fb4813a4e763d511ae628c.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/9772c75499fb4813a4e763d511ae628c.png
[3fbb114c9ac74e73b0a322a953b1a670.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/3fbb114c9ac74e73b0a322a953b1a670.png
[a7074bf8a03641f08a8ee5b331af00c2.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/a7074bf8a03641f08a8ee5b331af00c2.png