Spring 5 Mvc 零配置文件/Java Config 环境搭建(排坑之旅)

妖狐艹你老母 2023-10-11 11:28 49阅读 0赞

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最近，复习web项目，比如spring + spring mvc + spring data   
运行环境是：jdk 1.8 + tomcat   
编译工具：IntelliJ IDEA 2018.1   
在配置上，是采用的配置文件，因为我觉得可能因为代码洁癖和学习spring mvc 的新特性。   
1.既然是学Spring mvc 配置 首先要知道这是什么 为什么要用 以下是我浅薄的理解：   
传统web 项目 多是用JSP 、Servlet + JDBC 直接搞定：转发 重定向 （页面） 数据传输写在一起，导致意图很清，但是代码结构可能会不容易整理。   
所以Mvc 出现 ：model(实体been) view(分清是请求静态资源还是接口) controller(接收请求 并处理返回值的接口)。这样的层级会让代码思路清晰。并且还很容易处理安全的问题。   
2.然后spring 接受请求访问的流程：   
![这里写图片描述][70]   
自己的浅薄的见解：   
![这里写图片描述][70 1]  
3.闲话少说上配置吧：

## **配置入口 web.xml：** ##

public class SpittrWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
        //配置DispatcherServlet映射到 '/' 什么情况进入DispatherServlet
        @Override
        protected String[] getServletMappings() {
            return new String[]{"/"};
        }
    
        //spring 注入bean
        @Override
        protected Class[] getRootConfigClasses() {
            return new Class[]{RootConfig.class};
        }
        //spring mvc 配置
        @Override
        protected Class[] getServletConfigClasses() {
            return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
        }
    
        @Override
        protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {//注册过滤器
            CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
            characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
            characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);
            return new Filter[]{new HiddenHttpMethodFilter(), characterEncodingFilter};
        }
    }

## **Spring配置:** ##

@Configuration
    @EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"rainJob.com.dao"})
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"rainJob.com"}, excludeFilters = {@Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = {EnableWebMvc.class,RestController.class,Controller.class,Repository.class})})
    @EnableTransactionManagement
    public class RootConfig {
        //建议存在properties文件下
        public static final String url = "jdbc:mysql://x7.93.15.203:3306/rainJob?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false";
        public static final String name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
        public static final String user = "root";
        public static final String password = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
        /**
         *  dozer 配置 用于动态解析实体bean
         * @return
         */
        @Bean(name = "org.dozer.Mapper")
        public DozerBeanMapper dozer() {
            List<String> mappingFiles = new ArrayList<>();
            mappingFiles.add("dozer/dozer-mappings-user.xml");
            DozerBeanMapper dozerBean = new DozerBeanMapper();
            dozerBean.setMappingFiles(mappingFiles);
            return dozerBean;
        }
    
        //数据源 spring 下的自带jdbc的链接数据源
        @Bean
        public DriverManagerDataSource dataSource() {
            DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
            dataSource.setDriverClassName(name);
            dataSource.setUrl(url);
            dataSource.setUsername(user);
            dataSource.setPassword(password);
            return dataSource;
        }
    
        //获取sessionFactory
        @Bean
        public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DriverManagerDataSource dataSource, JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter) {
            LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean localSession = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
            localSession.setDataSource(dataSource);
            localSession.setJpaVendorAdapter(jpaVendorAdapter);
            localSession.setPackagesToScan("rainJob.com.entity");
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.setProperty("hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy", "org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy");
            properties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect");
            properties.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
            properties.setProperty("hibernate.format", "true");
            properties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
            localSession.setJpaProperties(properties);
            return localSession;
        }
    
        //jpa规范
        @Bean
        public JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter() {
            HibernateJpaVendorAdapter adapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
            adapter.setShowSql(true);
            adapter.setDatabase(Database.MYSQL);
            adapter.setGenerateDdl(false);
            adapter.setDatabasePlatform("org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect");
            return adapter;
        }
    
        //事务
        @Bean
        public JpaTransactionManager transactionManager(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean) {
            JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
            transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactoryBean.getObject());
            return transactionManager;
        }
    
    
        @Bean
        public BeanPostProcessor paPostProcessor() {
            return new PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
        }
    
        @Bean
        public BeanPostProcessor persistenceTranslation() {
            return new PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
        }
    
    }

## **Spring Mvc配置：** ##

@Configuration
    @EnableWebMvc  //相当于 <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"rainJob.com.controller"})
     public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
        //  配置默认的defaultServlet处理
        // <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
        @Override
        public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
            // 配置静态资源处理
            configurer.enable("default");//对静态资源的请求转发到容器缺省的servlet，而不使用DispatcherServlet
        }
        //请求url(spring的url)映射到control的配置
    //    @Override
    //    public RequestMappingHandlerMapping requestMappingHandlerMapping() {
    //        RequestMappingHandlerMapping requestMappingHandlerMapping = super.requestMappingHandlerMapping();
    //        requestMappingHandlerMapping.setUseSuffixPatternMatch(false);
    //        requestMappingHandlerMapping.setUseTrailingSlashMatch(false);
    //        return requestMappingHandlerMapping;
    //    }
        /**
         * 这是定义一个ParameterizableViewController调用时立即转到视图的快捷方式。
         * 如果在视图生成响应之前没有Java控制器逻辑要执行，则在静态情况下使用它。
         * <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="home"/>
         * @param registry
         */
        @Override
        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
            registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("home");
        }
       /**
         * 静态资源访问控制：假如defaultServlet 没有过滤到接收的静态资源是会报404的
         * 配置addResourceHandlers 不能继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport
         * 因为它拥有子类DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 已经重写了这个方法。所以运行时，在它方法debug的时候，
         * 发现我写的方法一点用都没 注意！！！
         * 下面相当于
         * <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**"    location="/statics/" />
         * 支持location="classpath:xxxxx"
         * @param registry
         */
        @Override
        public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            registry.addResourceHandler("/statics/**").addResourceLocations("/statics/");
        }
    
        //    配置jsp视图解析器
        @Bean
        public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
            InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
            resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/");
            resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
            resolver.setOrder(2);//设置优先级
            resolver.setCache(false);
            return resolver;
        }
    
        @Bean //Thymeleaf视图解析器
        public ViewResolver thymeleafViewResolver(TemplateEngine templateEngine) {
            ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
            viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
            viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            viewResolver.setCache(false);//去掉缓存
            viewResolver.setOrder(1);//设置优先级
            viewResolver.setCacheUnresolved(false);
            return viewResolver;
        }
    
        @Bean    //模板引擎
        public TemplateEngine templateEngine(SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver) {
            SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
            templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
            templateEngine.clearTemplateCache();
            return templateEngine;
        }
    
        /*   @Override 简单配置模板
           public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) {
               registry.enableContentNegotiation(new MappingJackson2JsonView());
               registry.jsp();
           }*/
        @Bean
        public SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver() {          //模板解析器
            SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver = new SpringResourceTemplateResolver();
            templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/");
            templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
            templateResolver.setOrder(1);
            templateResolver.setCacheable(false);
            templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
            return templateResolver;
        }
    
    
    }

官网手册：[https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/web.html\#mvc-config-enable][https_docs.spring.io_spring_docs_current_spring-framework-reference_web.html_mvc-config-enable]

**当你做完配置运行后，你会发现，无论你改掉什么静态资源，前端都不会相应的显示。**   
我觉得是在你项目运行的时候，静态资源和class文件 都已经在tomcat webapps 所以只能重新运行才能改变显示。   
然后我就在想能不能像eclipse 那样在虚拟路径直接装填类呢。

**然后对使用工具IntelliJ IDEA进行一些查阅资料：**

![这里写图片描述][70 2]   
**如上图，假如没有update classes and resources 按下图选择操作：**   
![这里写图片描述][70 3]

然后就有了。

**以后运行项目会自动生成到虚拟目录，不需要任何插件就能在项目改动的时候，自动装填，可能时间有时差。但是也满足了即改即显示的心里**

**生成的虚拟目录（是不含有war 解压的class 文件和静态文件）：**   
C:\\Users\\用户名\\对应版本的idea\\system\\tomcat 例如：C:\\Users\\syxy37.IntelliJIdea2018.1\\system\\tomcat   
然后有自动生成的 web.xml

**C:\\Users\\syxy37.IntelliJIdea2018.1\\system\\tomcat\\Unnamed\_rainJob\_4\\conf\\Catalina\\localhost\\Root.xml 里有war 解压的class 文件和静态文件的指向**

[70]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180413112104515?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2MzI0Njg1/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 1]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180413132337275?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2MzI0Njg1/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[https_docs.spring.io_spring_docs_current_spring-framework-reference_web.html_mvc-config-enable]: https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/web.html#mvc-config-enable
[70 2]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180413143752790?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2MzI0Njg1/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70
[70 3]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/2018041314393714?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM2MzI0Njg1/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70