20190922 (3) 学习英语语法的基础句法（主语 1 ）

亦凉 2023-10-11 10:23 38阅读 0赞

#### 前言 ####

所有内容均出自《语法：赖世雄经典英语语法》，本人只是进行自我复习

##### 要点一：动词不允许直接放句首当主语 #####

> See him makes me angry (错误）

所以当动词需要充当主语的时候，有两种形式可以实现目的  
**1. 动名词**:通常表示动作已发生或为已知事实

> *Collecting stamps* is one of his hbbies.  
> *Listening to music* makes me happy.

**2. 动词不定式**:通常表示事件未发生

> *To study abroad* is my greates desire.  
> *To go to Japan for a visit* is my plan for this year.

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##### 要点二：句子应该像人一样，避免头重脚轻 #####

长句都应该将充当主语的短语移动到句末  
使用 **it** 代词作为形式主语（形式上，具体没含义）

以动名词和动词不定式举例：

1.  动名词放到句末通常改为不定式（特殊的后面说明）

> Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.  
> It is one of his hobbies to collecting stamps.

> To study abroad is my greatest desire.  
> It is my greatest desire to study abroad.

1.  特例

> It is no use + 动名词  
> It is useless + 不定式  
> It is of no use + 不定式  
> There is no use/sense/point + in + 动名词

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##### 要点三：名词性从句（代慧疑） #####

1.  that 从句

> 任何主语起首的句子加个 that 就可以了  
> He doesn’t believe my words.  
> That he doesn’t believe my words.

1.  whether 从句

> 回答是 yes/no 都归于一般疑问句  
> Is he happy  
> whether he is happy

> 一般助动词开头的如(can/will/may等）  
> Can he do it  
> whether he can do it  
> Has he done it  
> whether he has done it

> do/does/did 等助动词，去掉助动词  
> Did he come  
> whether he came  
> Does he like it  
> whether he likes it

1.  疑问词从句

> What is he doing  
> what he is doing  
> Where can he find it  
> where he can find it  
> What did he write  
> what he wrote

**特殊**  
who/what/which 作为主语的时候，结构不需发生变化

> Who came here  
> who came here  
> What happened last night  
> what happened last night  
> Which was bought  
> which was bought

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##### 要点四：that 名词性从句 *不能直接* 作介词宾语 #####

1.  (常用) + the fact + that 从句

> I am worried about ***the fact*** that he doesn’t study.  
> 让 that 从句作 the fact 同位语

1.  去掉 that

> I am worried about *his not studying*  
> 去掉 that / 主语变所有格 / 动词变动名词

> 变形时去掉无意义助动词  
> may --> be likely to  
> can --> be able to  
> I am happy about his being likely to come.

1.  (常用)去掉 介词

> I am worried that he doesn’t study.

习惯用法：（不需要 the fact ）  
in that == because  
except that 只可惜  
notwithstanding taht 尽管 == despite the fact that

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##### 要点五：疑问副词和疑问代词 #####

> 疑问副词（副词就不能做宾语）  
> where to live  
> when to talk to him

> 疑问代词（就这三个能够充当主语的疑问词）  
> what to do  
> whom to see  
> which to buy  
> 一定做不定时短语中动词/介词的宾语

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##### 要点六：表距离的地方副词做主语 #####

From A to B

> From A to B is about 10 kilometers.

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##### 要点七：无意义助动词 #####

do / did / does 这类无意义助动词，在变形时出现，在恢复时去掉

> Did he come  
> whether he came

20190922 (3) 学习英语语法的基础句法（主语 1 ）

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