Quartz 基本使用,任务调度quartz详解,动态定时任务,job,Trigger,Scheduler

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2023-10-10 15:01 105阅读 0赞

#### **一，Quartz的核心概念** ####

Quartz是什么？Quartz是一个强大任务调度[框架][Link 1]，可以用来干嘛？如一个OA系统需要在每周五9点自动生成数据报表，或者想每月10号自动还款，又或者每周给暗恋的女生定时发送邮件等等。下面介绍**Quartz**的三个核心概念（**job,Trigger,Scheduler**）**。**

导入依赖：

<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId>
    		</dependency>

**1，任务job**

**job就是你想实现的任务类，每一个job必须实现org.quartz.job接口，且只需实现接口定义的execute()方法。**

**Job：工作任务调度的接口，任务类需要实现该接口，该接口中定义execute方法，类似jdk提供的TimeTask类的run方法，在里面编写任务执行的业务逻辑。**

**例如：**

import org.quartz.Job;
    import org.quartz.JobDataMap;
    import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
    import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    /**
     * @create: 2022-09-17
     **/
    public class ScheduleExportJobDTO implements Job {
    
        private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    
        @Override
        public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
            try {
                JobDataMap jobDataMap = context.getMergedJobDataMap();
                Integer documentId = jobDataMap.getInt("documentId");
                logger.info("执行导出任务,documentId:{}", documentId);
    
                //这个下面调用的就是你想执行的任务方法，我这里是调用一个类里面的导出任务。
                ICEDEvidenceDocumentExportScheduleManager exportScheduleManager = SpringUtils.getBean(ICEDEvidenceDocumentExportScheduleManager.class);
                exportScheduleManager.scheduleExport(documentId);
    
    
            }catch (Exception e){
                logger.info("执行导出任务失败, msg:{}", e.getMessage());
                context.setResult(null);
                throw new JobExecutionException("执行导出任务失败",e);
            }
        }
    
    }

**JobDetall ：使用JobDetail来定义定时任务的实例，JobDetail实例是通过JobBuilder类创建。实例在Quartz中的生命周期，每次调度器执行job时它在调用execute方法前，会创建一个新的job实例，当调用完成后，关联  
的job对象实例会被是释放，释放的实例会被垃圾回收机制回收。**

**例如：**

JobDetail jobDetail=JobBuilder.newJob(ScheduleExportJobDTO .class)//加载任务类，与任务类绑定
    				.withIdentity("job", "group")//参数1：任务名称，参数2：组名称
    				.usingJobData("dataMap", "message")//可以设置JobDataMap，获取存取信息
    				.build();//创建实例

**2，触发器Trigger  
Trigger 为你执行任务的触发器，比如你想每天定时1点发送邮件，Trigger将会设置1点执行该任务。  
Trigger主要包含两种：SimpleTrigger和CronTriggerr。**

**Trgger触发器** ：**Trigger对象是用于触发执行Job的，当调度一个Job时，我们实例一个触发器然后调整它的属性来满足Job执行的条件，表明任务在什么时候执行。定义了一个已经被安排的任务将在什么时候执行的时间条件，比如每秒执行一次。**

**例如：**

//2,触发器,Quartz里有多个触发器，最常用的是SimpleTrigger,CronTrigger;
    		SimpleTrigger trigger=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger", "group")
    				.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()//属性有开始时间，结束时间，重复次数，重复时间间隔
    						.repeatSecondlyForTotalCount(5, 1))//参数1：count,参数2：second.每一秒重复执行，总共执行3遍
    //				.startNow()//立刻执行
    				.startAt(new Date())//设置任务开始时间
    				.endAt(date)//设置任务结束时间
    				.build();

//触发器
    		CronTrigger trigger=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger", "group").startNow()//立刻执行
    				.withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 * * * * ?"))//表示每次0秒时候执行。
    				.build();

**3，调度器Scheduler  
Scheduler是任务的调度器，会将任务job和触发器TRigger结合，负责基于Trigger设定的时间执行job。**

//		方法之二：从工厂中获取默认的
    		Scheduler scheduler=StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);//关联两者

//方法之一
        @Autowired
        private Scheduler scheduler;
    
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);

**4.JobDataMap** ：**可包含数据对象，在job实例执行的是好，可使用包含的数据；JobDataMap是java Map接口的实现，增加了一些存取基本类型方法。**

案例提供：

需求关于对**导出文档**这个任务实现**定时策略。**

**关键代码：包含二个类 1.job类，实现导出任务的任务类，只在execute方法中实现了导出任务。**

**2.ScheduleManager管理类，其中有addJob-增加定时导出文档任务，startJob-恢复定时导出文档任务（若以往没有该任务则新增定时导出任务），stopJob-停止定时导出文档任务，getScheduler-获取当前正在执行的定时导出文档任务。**

**1.job类**

**2.ScheduleManager管理类**

import org.quartz.*;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * @create: 2022-09-18
     **/
    @Component
    public class ICEDEvidenceDocumentExportScheduleManager {
    
        @Autowired
        private ICEDEvidenceDocumentExportScheduleMapper exportScheduleMapper;
        @Autowired
        private ICEDEvidenceDocumentManager documentManager;
        @Autowired
        private ICEDEvidenceDocumentExportManager documentExportManager;
        @Autowired
        private ICEDEvidenceDocumentStructureMapper documentStructureMapper;
        @Autowired
        private ICEDEvidenceDocumentOperationLogService operationLogService;
        @Autowired
        private ICEDEvidenceDocumentService documentService;
        @Autowired
        private TokenService tokenService;
        @Autowired
        private Scheduler scheduler;
    
        private final CopyOptions copyOptions = CopyOptions.create(null, true);
    
        private static final String JOB_NAME_PREFIX = "export-job-";
    
        private static final String TRIGGER_NAME_PREFIX = "export-trigger-";
    
        private static final Integer ADMIN_USER_ID = 1;
    
        private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    
        public void addJob(Integer documentId, String cronExpression) throws SchedulerException {
            JobKey jobKey = getJobKey(documentId);
            logger.info("创建调度任务 jobKey:{}, cronExpression:{}", jobKey, cronExpression);
            JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(ScheduleExportJobDTO.class)
                    .withIdentity(jobKey)
                    .usingJobData("documentId", documentId)
                    .build();
            CronTrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(getTriggerKey(documentId))
                    .withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(cronExpression))
                    .build();
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
        }
    
        public void startJob(Integer documentId, String cronExpression) throws SchedulerException {
            JobKey jobKey = getJobKey(documentId);
            if (scheduler.checkExists(jobKey)){
                logger.info("恢复调度任务 jobKey:{}", jobKey);
                scheduler.resumeJob(jobKey);
            }else {
                logger.info("创建调度任务 jobKey:{}, cronExpression:{}", jobKey, cronExpression);
                JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(ScheduleExportJobDTO.class)
                        .withIdentity(getJobKey(documentId))
                        .usingJobData("documentId", documentId)
                        .build();
                CronTrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity(getTriggerKey(documentId))
                        .withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(cronExpression))
                        .build();
                scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
            }
        }
    
        public void stopJob(Integer documentId) throws SchedulerException {
            JobKey jobKey = getJobKey(documentId);
            logger.info("停止调度任务 jobKey:{}", jobKey);
            scheduler.pauseJob(jobKey);
        }
    
        private JobKey getJobKey(Integer documentId){
            return JobKey.jobKey(JOB_NAME_PREFIX + documentId);
        }
    
        private TriggerKey getTriggerKey(Integer documentId){
            return TriggerKey.triggerKey(TRIGGER_NAME_PREFIX + documentId);
        }
    
        public Integer saveExportSchedule(ICEDEvidenceDocumentExportScheduleReqDTO exportScheduleReqDTO) {
            Integer loginUserId = getLoginUserId();
            Integer loginUserDeptId = getLoginUserDeptId();
            Date now = new Date();
    
            ICEDEvidenceDocumentExportSchedule exportSchedule = new ICEDEvidenceDocumentExportSchedule();
            BeanUtil.copyProperties(exportScheduleReqDTO, exportSchedule, copyOptions);
            exportSchedule.setOper(loginUserId);
            exportSchedule.setUpdator(loginUserId);
            exportSchedule.setOpTime(now);
            exportSchedule.setUpdateTime(now);
            exportSchedule.setDeptId(loginUserDeptId);
            exportScheduleMapper.insertSelective(exportSchedule);
            return exportSchedule.getId();
        }
    
        public void scheduleExport(Integer documentId){
            ICEvidenceDocument document = documentManager.getEvidenceDocument(documentId);
    
            List<ICEDEvidenceDocumentStructure> documentStructureList = documentStructureMapper.selectChapterDocumentStructure(documentId);
            List<ICEDEvidenceDocumentTreeDataDTO> dataDTOList = new ArrayList<>();
            for (ICEDEvidenceDocumentStructure documentStructure : documentStructureList) {
                //dataTree 中已经进行权限过滤
                dataDTOList.add(documentService.dataTree(documentStructure.getId()));
            }
            logger.info("查询导出文档数据完成");
            //记录操作日志
            Integer operationLogId = operationLogService.recordLogBeforeOperation(documentId,
                    ICEDEvidenceDocumentOperationType.EXPORT, dataDTOList, null);
            logger.info("记录导出文档操作日志,operationLogId:{}, status: {}", operationLogId, ICEDEvidenceDocumentOperationStatus.getStatusMeaning(ICEDEvidenceDocumentOperationStatus.OPERATING));
            documentExportManager.scheduleExport(document.getTemplateId(), dataDTOList, operationLogId, ADMIN_USER_ID);
        }
    
    
        public Integer getLoginUserId(){
            LoginUser loginUser = tokenService.getLoginUser();
            if (loginUser == null){
                throw new CheckedException("获取当前登录用户失败");
            }
            return Math.toIntExact(loginUser.getUserid());
        }
    
        public Integer getLoginUserDeptId(){
            LoginUser loginUser = tokenService.getLoginUser();
            if (loginUser == null){
                throw new CheckedException("获取当前登录用户失败");
            }
            SysUser sysUser = loginUser.getSysUser();
            if (sysUser == null){
                throw new CheckedException("获取当前登录用户信息失败");
            }
            return Math.toIntExact(sysUser.getDeptId());
        }
    
    
        public String getScheduler() throws SchedulerException {
            List<JobExecutionContext> currentlyExecutingJobList = scheduler.getCurrentlyExecutingJobs();
            return JSON.toJSONString(currentlyExecutingJobList);
        }
    }

[Link 1]: https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020