Linux命令-基本操作和软件安装

偏执的太偏执、 2023-10-08 10:53 29阅读 0赞

## 阅读正文: ##

配置JDK环境：  
JAVA\_HOME:D:\\software\\JDK1.7  
Path:%JAVA\_HOME%\\bin;%JAVA\_HOME%\\lib;

ls（查看当前目录下的文件及文件夹）  
sh initNetwork.sh（执行初始化网卡的脚本）  
ifup eth0 （启动网卡）  
ifconfig -a（192.168.238.128）

配置网卡，一劳永逸，不需要每次重启都配置了，  
（把’ifup eth0’输入到/etc/rc.d文件下的rc.local脚本文件中，  
rc.local脚本就是每次重启都会自动加载的脚本文件）：  
echo ‘ifup eth0’>>/etc/rc.d/rc.local  
重启生效：  
reboot

关闭防火墙：service iptables stop  
关闭防火墙自启动：chkconfig iptables off  
查看防火墙状态：service iptables status

修改主机的名字；配置主机的链接地址：  
vi /etc/sysconfig/network  
vi /etc/hosts

cd ~ :切换到家目录  
cd - :切换到上一次操作的目录  
cd … :切换到上级目录  
cd 路径 :切换到路径参数指定目录

pwd :显示当前文件的绝对路径

vi 可编辑的查看文件  
vim  
less 不能修改查看文件

\[root@localhost install\]\# mkdir -p lhj/kk/ll  
\[root@localhost install\]\# tree lhj/  
lhj/  
└── kk  
└── ll  
2 directories, 0 files  
\[root@localhost install\]\# ll  
总用量 8  
\-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 492 7月 16 20:20 initNetwork.sh  
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 11月 28 00:12 lhj  
\[root@localhost install\]\# rm -rf lhj  
\[root@localhost install\]\# ls  
initNetwork.sh

\[root@localhost install\]\# echo liyongfu  
liyongfu  
\[root@localhost install\]\# 定义一个变量myage  
\[root@localhost install\]\# myage=28  
\[root@localhost install\]\# echo $myage  
28  
\[root@localhost install\]\# echo “my age is 20”  
my age is 20  
\[root@localhost install\]\# 在文本中写字符串用单引号；如果字符串中有字符，则外面的用双引号，里面的用单引号；

touch是没有该文件就创建，有就不创建  
\[root@localhost test\]\# touch mysql.ini  
\[root@localhost test\]\# echo 123 > mysql.ini  
\[root@localhost test\]\# cat mysql.ini  
123  
\[root@localhost test\]\# cat -n mysql.ini  
1 123  
2 123456  
\[root@localhost test\]\# cat 是显示内容  
\[root@localhost test\]\# -n 是显示行数  
\[root@localhost test\]\# > 是覆盖  
\[root@localhost test\]\# >> 是追加

\[root@localhost test\]\# 拷贝文件  
\[root@localhost test\]\# cp mysql.txt ./mysql.ini  
\[root@localhost test\]\# ls  
mysql.ini mysql.txt  
\[root@localhost install\]\# cp -r test test02/  
\[root@localhost install\]\# 拷贝文件夹，带-r

\[root@localhost install\]\# 删除系统下所有文件，系统瘫痪  
\[root@localhost install\]\# rm -rf /\*

\[root@localhost test\]\# 计算文件的行数  
\[root@localhost test\]\# cat mysql.txt|wc -l  
7

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd /install/  
\[root@localhost install\]\# ls  
initNetwork.sh test test02  
\[root@localhost install\]\# 压缩方式01  
tar -czvf testdir.tar.gz testdir/ :将目录testdir下的文件打包并压缩  
tar -xzvf testdir.tar.gz :解压到当前目录下  
tar -zxvf testdir.tar.gz -C Downloads/ :解压到指定的Downloads目录下  
\[root@localhost install\]\# 压缩方式02  
zip -r test02.zip test02/ :压缩文件夹test02为zip压缩格式，名字为test02.zip  
unzip test02.zip -d /software :解压压缩文件test02.zip至/software；-d用来指定目录

\[root@localhost install\]\# mkdir -p lhj/a/b lhj/c/d  
\[root@localhost install\]\# tree lhj  
lhj  
├── a  
│ └── b  
└── c  
└── d  
4 directories, 0 files  
\[root@localhost install\]\# rm -rf lhj  
\[root@localhost install\]\# ls  
initNetwork.sh test02 test02.zip test.tar.gz  
\[root@localhost install\]\# mkdir -p lhj/a/\{a,b\}  
\[root@localhost install\]\# tree lhj  
lhj  
└── a  
├── a  
└── b  
3 directories, 0 files  
\[root@localhost install\]\#  
\[root@localhost install\]\# :上面这行是独创方式  
\[root@localhost install\]\#  
\[root@localhost install\]\# rm -rf lhj && mkdir -p lhj/\{a,b\}/c  
\[root@localhost install\]\# tree lhj  
lhj  
├── a  
│?? └── c  
└── b  
└── c  
4 directories, 0 files  
\[root@localhost install\]\# rm -rf lhj  
\[root@localhost install\]\# ls  
initNetwork.sh test02 test02.zip test.tar.gz

## Linux软件的安装：(关注公众号，回复“linux000”获取相应软件下载链接) ##

(需要先执行yum install lrzsz -y)（这是在线安装方式，也可以离线方式）  
上传文件的方式：  
使用：rz -y  
下载文件的方式：  
使用：sz 文件名  
上传文件的方式: （XShell自带的方式）  
使用：\[root@Redis02 redis-2.8.9\]\# exit  
\[d:~\]$ sftp 192.168.238.128(需要上传的虚拟机ip)

\[root@localhost install\]\# :文件上传  
\[root@localhost install\]\# rz -y :本地拷贝  
\[root@localhost install\]\# scp :表示远程拷贝

### 安装jdk: ###

\[root@localhost install\]\# tar -zxvf jdk-7u10-linux-i586.gz -C /software  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# vi /etc/profile  
在该文件的最后添加：  
JAVA\_HOME=/software/jdk1.7.0\_79  
PATH= P A T H : PATH: PATH:JAVA\_HOME/bin:$JAVA\_HOME/lib  
export PATH JAVA\_HOME  
\[root@Redis01 ~\]\# java -version  
java version “1.7.0\_79”  
Java™ SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0\_79-b15)  
Java HotSpot™ 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)  
\[root@Redis01 ~\]\# javac -version  
javac 1.7.0\_79  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# mkdir test  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# ls  
initNetwork.sh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz test  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# cd test  
\[root@Redis01 test\]\# touch Test.java  
\[root@Redis01 test\]\# vi Test.java  
\[root@Redis01 test\]\# javac Test.java  
\[root@Redis01 test\]\# java Test  
hello word  
\[root@Redis01 test\]\# cat Test.java  
public class Test\{  
public static void main(String args\[\])\{  
　　System.out.println(“hello word”);  
　　\}  
\}

### 安装tomcat： ###

\[root@Redis01 install\]\# rz -y  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# ls  
apache-tomcat-7.0.69.tar.gz initNetwork.sh  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.69.tar.gz -C /software  
\[root@Redis01 ~\]\# cd /software  
\[root@Redis01 software\]\# ls  
apache-tomcat-7.0.69 jdk1.7.0\_79  
\[root@Redis01 software\]\# mv apache-tomcat-7.0.69/ tomcat7.0  
\[root@Redis01 software\]\# ls  
jdk1.7.0\_79 tomcat7.0  
\[root@Redis01 software\]\# cd tomcat7.0/  
\[root@Redis01 tomcat7.0\]\# ls  
bin conf lib LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work  
\[root@Redis01 tomcat7.0\]\# rm -rf work/\*  
\[root@Redis01 tomcat7.0\]\# rm -rf logs/\*  
\[root@Redis01 tomcat7.0\]\# rm -rf temp/\*

\[root@Redis01 conf\]\# vi server.xml  
vi编辑器中显示行号  
:set nu  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# sh startup.sh  
Using CATALINA\_BASE: /software/tomcat7.0  
Using CATALINA\_HOME: /software/tomcat7.0  
Using CATALINA\_TMPDIR: /software/tomcat7.0/temp  
Using JRE\_HOME: /software/jdk1.7.0\_79  
Using CLASSPATH: /software/tomcat7.0/bin/bootstrap.jar:/software/tomcat7.0/bin/tomcat-juli.jar  
Tomcat started.  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# lsof -i:8080  
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME  
java 1734 root 42u IPv6 14996 0t0 TCP \*:webcache (LISTEN)  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# ps -ef|grep tomcat  
root 1734 1 9 23:11 pts/1 00:00:07 /software/jdk1.7.0\_79/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/software/tomcat7.0/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/software/tomcat7.0/endorsed -classpath /software/tomcat7.0/bin/bootstrap.jar:/software/tomcat7.0/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/software/tomcat7.0 -Dcatalina.home=/software/tomcat7.0 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/software/tomcat7.0/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start  
root 1754 1645 0 23:12 pts/1 00:00:00 grep tomcat

\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# curl -I -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/  
HTTP/1.1 200 OK  
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1  
Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1  
Transfer-Encoding: chunked  
Date: Tue, 28 Nov 2017 15:16:25 GMT  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# curl -I -X GET http://192.168.238.128:8080/  
HTTP/1.1 200 OK  
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1  
Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1  
Transfer-Encoding: chunked  
Date: Tue, 28 Nov 2017 15:16:40 GMT

**关闭防火墙:**  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# service iptables stop  
iptables：清除防火墙规则： \[确定\]  
iptables：将链设置为政策 ACCEPT：filter \[确定\]  
iptables：正在卸载模块： \[确定\]  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# sh shutdown.sh  
Using CATALINA\_BASE: /software/tomcat7.0  
Using CATALINA\_HOME: /software/tomcat7.0  
Using CATALINA\_TMPDIR: /software/tomcat7.0/temp  
Using JRE\_HOME: /software/jdk1.7.0\_79  
Using CLASSPATH: /software/tomcat7.0/bin/bootstrap.jar:/software/tomcat7.0/bin/tomcat-juli.jar  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# lsof -i:8080

### 安装mysql： ###

\[root@Redis01 install\]\# rz -y  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# unzip mysql-linux-5.5.32.zip  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# ls  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# cd mysql-ls-5.5.32/  
\[root@Redis01 mysql-ls-5.5.32\]\# ls  
\[root@Redis01 mysql-ls-5.5.32\]\# sh install.sh  
\[root@Redis01 software\]\# ls  
jdk1.7.0\_79 mysql-5.5.32  
\[root@Redis01 software\]\# cd mysql-5.5.32/  
\[root@Redis01 mysql-5.5.32\]\# ls  
\[root@Redis01 mysql-5.5.32\]\# cd sbin  
\[root@Redis01 sbin\]\# ls  
\[root@Redis01 sbin\]\# sh mysqld start  
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!  
\[root@Redis01 sbin\]\# lsof -i:3306  
\[root@Redis01 sbin\]\# cd …/  
\[root@Redis01 mysql-5.5.32\]\# cd bin  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# ls  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# ./mysql -uroot -p123456  
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.  
Your MySQL connection id is 3  
Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution  
Copyright © 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective  
owners.  
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\\h’ for help. Type ‘\\c’ to clear the current input statement.  
mysql> show databases;  
±-------------------+  
| Database |  
±-------------------+  
| information\_schema |  
| mysql |  
| performance\_schema |  
| test |  
±-------------------+  
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)  
mysql> use test  
Database changed  
mysql> show tables;  
Empty set (0.00 sec)  
mysql> create table t\_user(uid int(10) primary key auto\_increment,uname varchar(30))engine=innodb charset=utf8;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)  
mysql> show tables;  
±---------------+  
| Tables\_in\_test |  
±---------------+  
| t\_user |  
±---------------+  
1 row in set (0.01 sec)  
mysql> select \* from t\_user;  
Empty set (0.00 sec)  
mysql> insert into t\_user values(1,‘ligang’);  
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)  
mysql> select \* from t\_user;  
±----±-------+  
| uid | uname |  
±----±-------+  
| 1 | ligang |  
±----±-------+  
1 row in set (0.01 sec)  
mysql> exit  
Bye  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# ./mysql -uroot -p123456 -e"select \* from test.t\_user"  
±----±-------+  
| uid | uname |  
±----±-------+  
| 1 | ligang |  
±----±-------+  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# cd …/sbin/  
\[root@Redis01 sbin\]\# ls  
\[root@Redis01 sbin\]\# sh mysqld stop  
Shutting down MySQL… SUCCESS!  
\[root@Redis01 sbin\]\# lsof -i:3306

### 安装Oracle： ###

linux安装Oracle11G：参考这篇文章https://editor.csdn.net/md?articleId=103594718

### 安装Redis： ###

\[root@Redis01 install\]\# ls  
initNetwork.sh redis-2.8.9.zip  
\[root@Redis01 install\]\# unzip redis-2.8.9.zip -d /software  
\[root@Redis01 ~\]\# cd /software/  
\[root@Redis01 software\]\# ls  
jdk1.7.0\_79 mysql-5.5.32 redis-2.8.9 tomcat7.0  
\[root@Redis01 software\]\# cd redis-2.8.9/  
\[root@Redis01 redis-2.8.9\]\# ls  
bin conf dump.rdb redis.log startRedis.sh stopRedis.sh  
\[root@Redis01 redis-2.8.9\]\# sh startRedis.sh  
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME  
redis-ser 1639 root 4u IPv6 14055 0t0 TCP \*:6379 (LISTEN)  
redis-ser 1639 root 5u IPv4 14057 0t0 TCP \*:6379 (LISTEN)  
redis alreay running…  
\[root@Redis01 redis-2.8.9\]\# lsof -i:6379  
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME  
redis-ser 1639 root 4u IPv6 14055 0t0 TCP \*:6379 (LISTEN)  
redis-ser 1639 root 5u IPv4 14057 0t0 TCP \*:6379 (LISTEN)  
\[root@Redis01 redis-2.8.9\]\# cd bin/  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# ls  
redis-benchmark redis-check-aof redis-check-dump redis-cli redis-server  
\[root@Redis01 bin\]\# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.238.128 -p 6379  
192.168.238.128:6379> set myname ligang  
OK  
192.168.238.128:6379> get myname  
“ligang”  
192.168.238.128:6379> del myname  
(integer) 1  
192.168.238.128:6379> get myname  
(nil)  
192.168.238.128:6379> ./redis-cli -h 192.168.238.128 -p 6379 set myname zhangsan  
192.168.238.128:6379> quit

### [安装zookeeper：][zookeeper] ###

上传zookeeper-3.4.10的安装包；  
解压到software下；  
进入zookeeper-3.4.10创建文件夹data；  
在data下创建文件myid，内容是1；  
进入conf，复制一份zoo\_sample.cfg命名为zoo.cfg；  
修改zoo.cfg内容：  
dataDir=/software/zookeeper-3.4.10/data  
最后一行添加：  
server.1=slave01:2888:3888  
server.2=salve02:2888:3888  
server.3=slave03:2888:3888

[zookeeper]: https://www.cnblogs.com/mmzs/p/8073496.html