面试官 | 如何在 Spring Boot 中进行参数校验？

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2023-10-06 11:25 105阅读 0赞

![format_png][]

作者 | 狂乱的贵公子

来源 | cnblogs.com/cjsblog/p/8946768.html

开发过程中，后台的参数校验是必不可少的，所以经常会看到类似下面这样的代码

![format_png 1][]

这样写并没有什么错，还挺工整的，只是看起来不是很优雅而已。

接下来，用Validation来改写这段

## 1、Spring Boot文档中的Validation ##

在 Spring Boot 的官网中，关于Validation只是简单的提了一句，如下

![format_png 2][]

其实，**Spring Validator** 和Hibernate Validator是两套Validator，可以混着用，这里我们用Hibernate Validator

## 2、Hibernate Validator ##

https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/validator/reference/en-US/html\_single/\#preface

## 3、Spring Validator ##

https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.0.5.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/core.html\#validation

## 4、示例 ##

### 4.1、引入spring-boot-starter-validation ###

![format_png 3][]

### 4.2、定义一个对象 ###

![format_png 4][]

### 4.3、适用@Valid校验，并将校验结果放到BindingResult对象中 ###

![format_png 5][]

注意：

*  默认情况下，如果校验失败会抛javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException异常，可以用统一异常处理去对这些异常做处理
 *  An Errors/BindingResult argument is expected to be declared immediately after the model attribute

### 4.4、看效果 ###

![format_png 6][] ![format_png 7][]

如果在校验的对象后面再加上Model对象的话，如果返回的是ModelAndView就可以将这个Model设置到其中，这样在页面就可以取到错误消息了

![format_png 8][]

仅仅只是单字段校验的话未免也太不灵活了吧，如果字段之间有关联关系，那该如何校验呢？答案是自定义

### 4.5、自定义校验规则 ###

https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/validator/reference/en-US/html\_single/\#validator-customconstraints

![format_png 9][]

这里，以优惠券创建为例来演示如何自定义校验规则

首先，优惠券表单如下（仅仅只是演示用）：

![format_png 10][]

这里除了自定义了两条校验规则之外，还用到了分组。

为什么要有分组这一说呢？因为，举个例子，添加的时候不需要校验id，而修改的时候id不能为空，有了分组以后，就可以添加的时候校验用组A，修改的时候校验用组B

下面重点看一下@CheckTimeInterval

**第一步** 、定义一个注解叫CheckTimeInterval

![format_png 11][]

**第二步** 、定义Validator去校验它

![format_png 12][]

顺便提一句，这里BeanWrapper去取对象的属性值，我们稍微看一下BeanWrapper是做什么的

![format_png 13][] ![format_png 14][]

言归正传

**第三步** 、验证

![format_png 15][] ![format_png 16][] ![format_png 17][]

看，自定义的校验生效了

## 5、补充 ##

### 5.1、校验模式 ###

https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/validator/reference/en-US/html\_single/\#p-fail-fast

下面补充一点，关于校验模式

默认会校验完所有属性，然后将错误信息一起返回，但很多时候不需要这样，一个校验失败了，其它就不必校验了

为此，需要这样设置

![format_png 18][]

### 5.2、单个参数校验 ###

![format_png 19][] ![format_png 20][] ![format_png 21][]

如果是调整页面的时候参数校验失败的话，这时可以不做处理，让其调到错误页面。

如果是接口参数校验失败的话，可以在这里进行统一处理，并返回。例如：

![format_png 22][]

### 5.3、错误页面 ###

![format_png 23][] ![format_png 24][]

以刚才优惠券详情为例

http://localhost:8080/coupon/detail.html　　　　　　400

http://localhost:8080/coupon/detail.html?id=　　　　400

http://localhost:8080/coupon/detail.html?id=abc　　 400

http://localhost:8080/coupon/detail222.html?id=123　　404

无权限　　403

int a = 1 / 0;　　500

### 5.4、@Valid与@Validated ###

https://blog.csdn.net/qq\_27680317/article/details/79970590

## 参考 ##

http://rensanning.iteye.com/blog/2357373

https://blog.csdn.net/kenight/article/details/77774465

https://www.cnblogs.com/mr-yang-localhost/p/7812038.html

https://www.phpsong.com/3567.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/mr-yang-localhost/p/7812038.html

【END】

近期热文

*  [面试珍藏：最常见的200多道Java面试题][200_Java]
 *  [被一个熟悉的面试题问懵了：String...][String...]
 *  [面试官：][Link 1][如何实现幂等性校验？][Link 2]

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[200_Java]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTkwODE4Mw%3D%3D&chksm=fbcc6e20ccbbe7369eae00040a40ab64270c9cd78b0cfc09da558c9f384eff72cf507567bab7&idx=1&mid=2247484184&scene=21&sn=d74dbb601717c50fa34a410861264e5e#wechat_redirect
[String...]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTkwODE4Mw%3D%3D&chksm=fbcc6901ccbbe017d902750ceddb2561cd129150ed22b87aaff5f2ef19e069678e8f23b975bc&idx=1&mid=2247484473&scene=21&sn=44673055ebf9b356a8a7f05392040533#wechat_redirect
[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/sufu1065/article/details/106417017
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