SpringBoot零基础详解四：web开发及原理

不念不忘少年蓝@ 2023-10-06 10:06 31阅读 0赞

**Table of Contents**

四：WEB开发

1：web开发简介

2:SpringBoot对静态资源的映射；

2.1：所有 /webjars/\*\* ，都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源；

2.2："/\*\*" 访问当前项目的任何资源，都去（静态资源的文件夹）找映射

2.3：欢迎页的处理

2.4：配置浏览器喜欢的图标

3：模板引擎

3.1：引入thymeleaf

3.2：thymeleaf语法

3.3：语法规则；

4：SpringMvc的自动配置

4.1：Spring MVC auto-configuration

4.2：扩展MVC

4.3：全面接管SpringMVC

5：如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置

6:基于webmvc的RestfulCRUD实验

6.1:默认访问首页

6.2：国际化配置---中英文显示

6.3:登录

6.4：拦截器进行登录检查

6.5:CRUD-员工列表

6.6:thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取

6.7：CRUD-员工添加

6.8：CRUD-员工修改

6.9：CRUD-员工删除

7:错误处理的机制

7.1:SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

7.2：springboot的错误机制原理

7.3：定制错误响应-定制错误页面

7.4：定制错误响应-定制错误json数据

7.5：定制错误响应-将我们的数据携带出去

8：配置嵌入式Servlet容器

8.1：如何定制和修改Sevlet容器的相关配置

8.2:注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

8.3：替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器

8.4：嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理；

8.5：嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理；

9、使用外置的Servlet容器

9.1：步骤：

9.2:原理

9.3：过程

--------------------

# 四：WEB开发 #

## 1：web开发简介 ##

使用SpringBoot；

**1）、创建SpringBoot应用，选中我们需要的模块；**

**2）、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了，只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来**

**3）、自己编写业务代码；**

**自动配置原理？**

这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么？能不能修改？能修改哪些配置？能不能扩展？xxx

xxxxAutoConfiguration：帮我们给容器中自动配置组件；
    xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容；

## 2:SpringBoot对静态资源的映射； ##

### 2.1：所有 /webjars/\*\* ，都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源； ###

webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

访问链接：[http://www.webjars.org/][http_www.webjars.org]

在pom文件中引入：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

就可以访问静态资源：[http://127.0.0.1:8088/][http_127.0.0.1_8088]webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js

### 2.2："/\*\*" 访问当前项目的任何资源，都去（静态资源的文件夹）找映射 ###

加载自己的静态资源

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

要找下面的/\*\*资源

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

到下面找：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
    "classpath:/resources/", 
    "classpath:/static/", 
    "classpath:/public/"

将文件放入上述文件夹后可以访问：[http://127.0.0.1:8088/asserts/js/Chart.min.js][http_127.0.0.1_8088_asserts_js_Chart.min.js]

### 2.3：欢迎页的处理 ###

静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面；被"/\*\*"映射

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

### 2.4：配置浏览器喜欢的图标 ###

所有的 \*\*/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

//配置喜欢的图标
    		@Configuration
    		@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    		public static class FaviconConfiguration {
    
    			private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
    
    			public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
    				this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
    			}
    
    			@Bean
    			public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
    				SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
    				mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
                  	//所有  **/favicon.ico 
    				mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
    						faviconRequestHandler()));
    				return mapping;
    			}
    
    			@Bean
    			public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
    				ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
    				requestHandler
    						.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
    				return requestHandler;
    			}
    
    		}

ps：图标访问不到记得清缓存！！！

## 3：模板引擎 ##

模板引擎种类：JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf；

语法更简单，功能更强大；

### 3.1：引入thymeleaf ###

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
            </dependency>

### 3.2：thymeleaf语法 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/，以.html结尾,thymeleaf就能自动渲染；

第一步：导入thymeleaf的名称空间，为了能自动提示

第二部：使用thymeleaf语法

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>成功！</h1>
    <div th:text="${hello}"></div>
    </body>
    </html>

### 3.3：语法规则； ###

1：th:text；改变当前元素里面的文本内容；

th：任意html属性；来替换原生属性的值

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

2：表达式

Simple expressions:（表达式语法）
       一： Variable Expressions: ${...}：获取变量值；OGNL；
        		1）、获取对象的属性、调用方法
        		2）、使用内置的基本对象：
        			#ctx : the context object.
        			#vars: the context variables.
                    #locale : the context locale.
                    #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                    #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                    #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                    #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                    
                    ${session.foo}
                3）、内置的一些工具对象：
    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
    #objects : methods for objects in general.
    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
    #arrays : methods for arrays.
    #lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
    #maps : methods for maps.
    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
    
       二： Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}：选择表达式：和${}在功能上是一样；
        	补充：配合 th:object="${session.user}：
           <div th:object="${session.user}">
                <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
                <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
                <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
            </div>
        
        三：Message Expressions: #{...}：获取国际化内容
        四：Link URL Expressions: @{...}：定义URL；
        		@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
        五：Fragment Expressions: ~{...}：片段引用表达式
        		<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
        		
    Literals（字面量）
          Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
          Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
          Boolean literals: true , false
          Null literal: null
          Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
    Text operations:（文本操作）
        String concatenation: +
        Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    Arithmetic operations:（数学运算）
        Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
        Minus sign (unary operator): -
    Boolean operations:（布尔运算）
        Binary operators: and , or
        Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    Comparisons and equality:（比较运算）
        Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
        Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    Conditional operators:条件运算（三元运算符）
        If-then: (if) ? (then)
        If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
        Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    Special tokens:
        No-Operation: _

简单例子：

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <h1>成功！</h1>
    
    <hr/>
    <div th:text="${hello}"></div>
    <div th:utext="${hello}"></div>
    
    <hr/>
    
    <h4 th:text="${user}" th:each="user:${users}"></h4>
    
    <hr/>
    <h4>
        
        <span th:text="${user}" th:each="user:${users}"></span>
    </h4>
    
    </body>
    </html>

## 4：SpringMvc的自动配置 ##

### 4.1：Spring MVC auto-configuration ###

Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:**（WebMvcAutoConfiguration）**

1：Inclusion of `ContentNegotiatingViewResolver` and `BeanNameViewResolver` beans.

*  **自动配置了ViewResolver（视图解析器：根据方法的返回值得到视图对象（View），视图对象决定如何渲染（转发？重定向？））**
 *  **ContentNegotiatingViewResolver：组合所有的视图解析器的；**
 *  **如何定制：我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器；自动的将其组合进来**

2：Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).**静态资源文件夹路径,webjars**

3：Static `index.html` support. **静态首页访问**

4：Custom `Favicon` support (see below). favicon.ico

5：自动注册了 of `Converter`, `GenericConverter`, `Formatter` beans.

*  Converter：转换器； public String hello(User user)：接口接受数据类型转换使用Converter
 *  `Formatter` 格式化器； 2017.12.17===Date；
 *  自己添加的格式化器转换器，我们只需要放在容器中即可

6：Support for `HttpMessageConverters` (see below).

*  HttpMessageConverter：SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的；User---Json；
 *  `HttpMessageConverters` 是从容器中确定；获取所有的HttpMessageConverter；
    
    自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter，只需要将自己的组件注册容器中（@Bean,@Component）

7：Automatic registration of `MessageCodesResolver` (see below).定义错误代码生成规则

8：Automatic use of a `ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer` bean (see below).

*  我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的；（添加到容器）

\*\*org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web：web的所有自动场景；\*\*

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional \[MVC configuration\](https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/4.3.14.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/htmlsingle\#mvc) (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own \`@Configuration\` class of type \`WebMvcConfigurerAdapter\`, but \*\*without\*\* \`@EnableWebMvc\`. If you wish to provide custom instances of \`RequestMappingHandlerMapping\`, \`RequestMappingHandlerAdapter\` or \`ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver\` you can declare a \`WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter\` instance providing such components.

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own \`@Configuration\` annotated with \`@EnableWebMvc\`.

### 4.2：扩展MVC ###

以前用mvc的时候是这样用的

<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
        <mvc:interceptors>
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
                <bean></bean>
            </mvc:interceptor>
        </mvc:interceptors>

现在SpringBoot是这样用的：

**编写一个配置类（@Configuration），是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型；不能标注@EnableWebMvc;2.x后直接实现WebMvcConfigurer接口**

既保留了所有的自动配置，也能用我们扩展的配置；

/**
     * Description:我们自己的配置类,//使用WebMvcConfigurer可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
     * Date:       2020/5/20 - 下午 3:59
     * author:     wangkanglu
     * version:    V1.0
     */
    @Configuration
    public class MyConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
        @Override
        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
            //浏览器发送 /hello 请求来到 success页面
            registry.addViewController("/hello").setViewName("success");
        }
    }

原理：

1.  WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2.  在做其他自动配置时会导入；@Import(**EnableWebMvcConfiguration**.class)

@Configuration
    	public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
          private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
    
    	 //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
          @Autowired(required = false)
          public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
              if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
                  this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
                	//一个参考实现；将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用；  
                	@Override
                 // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                  //    for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
                   //       delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
                   //   }
                  }
              }
    	}

3：容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用；

4：我们的配置类也会被调用；效果：SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用；

### 4.3：全面接管SpringMVC ###

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了，所有都是我们自己配置；所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了

**我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可；**

@EnableWebMvc
    @Configuration
    public class MyConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
        @Override
        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
            //浏览器发送 /hello 请求来到 success页面
            registry.addViewController("/hello").setViewName("success");
        }
    }

原理：

为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了；

1：@EnableWebMvc的核心

@Import({DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class})
    public @interface EnableWebMvc {
    }

2：DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration类

public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

3：WebMvcAutoConfiguration工作的原理

@Configuration(
        proxyBeanMethods = false
    )
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication(
        type = Type.SERVLET
    )
    @ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class})
    //当没有这个类的时候mvc的自动配置才生效
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})
    @AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)
    @AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})

4：@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来；

5：导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能；

## 5：如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置 ##

模式：

1）、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候，先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的（@Bean、@Component）如果有就用用户配置的，如果没有，才自动配置；如果有些组件可以有多个（ViewResolver）将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来；

2）、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置

3）、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

## 6:基于webmvc的RestfulCRUD实验 ##

### 6.1:默认访问首页 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

注：在配置文件中添加项目名是

#项目名
    server.servlet.context-path=/crud

### 6.2：国际化配置---中英文显示 ###

**springmvc使用的步骤：**

**1）、编写国际化配置文件；**

2）、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件

3）、在jsp页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容

**SpringBoot的使用步骤：**

**1：编写国际化配置文件，抽取页面需要的国际化信息**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

**2：查看springboot的国际化配置原理**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

在配置文件中配置国际化文件的地址

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

**3：去页面获取国际化的值（用\#\{\}）**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

效果：根据浏览器的默认语言，来获取对应的字段

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

注：乱码的话设置properties文件为utf-8

**4：根据链接切换国际化**

**原理：**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

国际化Locale（区域信息对象）；LocaleResolver（获取区域信息对象）； 默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化

我们自己配置自己的LocaleResolver,然后其抛出去用我们的不用系统的

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

### 6.3:登录 ###

开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后，要实时生效

1）、禁用模板引擎的缓存---开发专用

\# 禁用缓存  
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

2）、页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9：重新编译；

注：springboot中登录后的页面做成重定向；

**先映射**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

再重定向

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

**在页面利用thymleaf的if判断增加登录消息错误的提示**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]

### 6.4：拦截器进行登录检查 ###

**1:将登录成功后的标识加入session中**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26][]

**2：自定义拦截器**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27][]

**3:注册拦截器(springboot1.x不用排除静态资源，但是2.x也屏蔽了静态资源，需要排除)**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28][]

### 6.5:CRUD-员工列表 ###

1）、RestfulCRUD：CRUD满足Rest风格；

URI： /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29][]

2）、实验的请求架构;

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31][]

### 6.6:thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取 ###

1：springboot文档说明

1、抽取公共片段
    <div th:fragment="copy">
    © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>
    
    2、引入公共片段
    <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
    ~{templatename::#selector}：模板名::如id选择器选择器
    ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
    
    3、默认效果：
    insert的公共片段在div标签中
    如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入，可以不用写~{}：
    行内写法可以加上：[[~{}]];[(~{})]；

2：三种引入公共片段的th属性：

**th:insert**：将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中

**th:replace**：将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段

**th:include**：将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
    © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    
    引入方式
    <div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
    
    效果
    <div>
        <footer>
        © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
        </footer>
    </div>
    
    <footer>
    © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    
    <div>
    © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>

3：例子：

片段名：
    <nav class="navbar navbar-dark sticky-top bg-dark flex-md-nowrap p-0" th:fragment="topbar">
        <a class="navbar-brand col-sm-3 col-md-2 mr-0" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">[[${session.loginUser}]]</a>
        <input class="form-control form-control-dark w-100" type="text" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
        <ul class="navbar-nav px-3">
            <li class="nav-item text-nowrap">
                <a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">Sign out</a>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </nav>
    
    
    引入：
     
     <div th:replace="~{commons/bar::topbar}"></div>

id选择器
    <nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id = "rightbar">
    
    引入：
     
     <div th:replace="commons/bar::#rightbar(activeUrl='main.html')"></div>

4：向引入的片段中传参数

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32][]

![20200528212916108.png][]

### 6.7：CRUD-员工添加 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 33][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34][]

//return"/emps";表示来到thymleaf引擎下的这个页面
    //return"redirect:/emps";表示重定向到一个地址，“/”表示当前项目下
    //return"forward:/emps";表示转发到一个地址

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 35][]

注：

提交的数据格式不对：生日：日期；

格式有：2017-12-12；2017/12/12；2017.12.12；

日期的格式化；SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;默认日期是按照/的方式；

如果需要更改格式化需要在配置文件中配置：

#更改日期格式
    spring.mvc.format.date=yyyy-MM-dd

### 6.8：CRUD-员工修改 ###

resful接口，读取路径中的参数

![20200528224429102.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 36][]

修改员工页面和添加员工页面二合一（主要是thymleaf的用法）

<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
    	
    	
    	<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
    	<input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.id}" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
    	<div class="form-group">
    		<label>LastName</label>
    		<input type="text" name="lastName" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
    	</div>
    	<div class="form-group">
    		<label>Email</label>
    		<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
    	</div>
    	<div class="form-group">
    		<label>Gender</label><br/>
    		<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
    			<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
    			<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
    		</div>
    		<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
    			<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
    			<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
    		</div>
    	</div>
    	<div class="form-group">
    		<label>department</label>
    		<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
    			<option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${department.id==emp.department.id}" th:value="${department.id}"  th:text="${department.departmentName}"
    					th:each="department:${departments}">1
    			</option>
    
    		</select>
    	</div>
    	<div class="form-group">
    		<label>Birth</label>
    		<input type="text" name="birth" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
    	</div>
    	<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
    </form>

注：springboot2.x版本后开启put接口的拦截器要打开

#开启springboot的put模式
    spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter.enabled=true

### 6.9：CRUD-员工删除 ###

<td>
    										<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a>
    										<button id="deletebtn" th:attr="dele_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger">删除</button>
    									</td>
    								</tr>
    							</tbody>
    
    						</table>
    					</div>
    				</main>
    				<form id="deleteEmpForm"  method="post">
    					<input  type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/>
    				</form>
    
    
    
    <script>
    			$("#deletebtn").click(function () {
    				// alert(1)
    				$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("dele_uri")).submit();
    			});
    </script>

注：同时也记得在配置文件中配置：

spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter.enabled=true

### 7:错误处理的机制 ###

### 7.1:SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制 ###

1:浏览器，默认返回一个页面

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 37][]

请求头：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 38][]

2：如果是其他客户端访问返回json数据

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 39][]

请求头：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 40][]

### 7.2：springboot的错误机制原理 ###

**可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration；错误处理的自动配置；**

**步骤：**

1：一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误；**ErrorPageCustomizer**就会生效（定制错误的响应规则）；

系统出现错误以后来到/error请求进行处理；（相当于web.xml注册的错误页面规则）

![20200530233914471.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 41][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 42][]

**2：来到/error请求；就会被BasicErrorController处理；处理默认的/error请求**

![20200530234444858.png][]

这个类的代码是：

@RequestMapping(
            //返回html页面，浏览器请求来到这个请求
            produces = {"text/html"}
        )
        public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
            HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);
            Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
            response.setStatus(status.value());
            //通过这个方法来到错误页面
            ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
            return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);
        }
    
        //返回json数据，其他客户端来到这个请求
        @RequestMapping
        public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
            HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);
            if (status == HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT) {
                return new ResponseEntity(status);
            } else {
                Map<String, Object> body = this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.ALL));
                //当ResponseEntity的数据为list，map之类的话，自动转为json
                return new ResponseEntity(body, status);
            }
        }

3：上述跳转错误页面的方法resolveErrorView解析如下：

//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView，去哪个页面是由**DefaultErrorViewResolver**解析得到的；

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
            Iterator var5 = this.errorViewResolvers.iterator();
    
            ModelAndView modelAndView;
            //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
            do {
                if (!var5.hasNext()) {
                    return null;
                }
    
                ErrorViewResolver resolver = (ErrorViewResolver)var5.next();
                //通过这个方法来到DefaultErrorViewResolver
                modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
            } while(modelAndView == null);
    
            return modelAndView;
        }

4：如果模板引擎可用就来到如：/error/404.html,如果不存在就在静态资源中寻找404.html

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 43][]

### 7.3：定制错误响应-定制错误页面 ###

注：springboot2.x后默认不显示message和excption需要在配置文件中配置

#提示message消息
    server.error.include-message=always
    #显示excepting消息
    server.error.include-exception=true

**1）、有模板引擎的情况下；error/状态码;**

【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】，发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面；

我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误，精确优先（优先寻找精确的状态码.html）；

当跳转错误页面时，会向页面带错误信息，该信就由下边的 方法得到：

![20200531004846296.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 44][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 45][]

所以页面能获取的信息；

timestamp：时间戳

status：状态码

error：错误提示

exception：异常对象

message：异常消息

errors：JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里

前台展示：

<h1>status：[[${status}]]</h1>
    <h2>timestamp：[[${timestamp}]]</h2>
    <h2>error：[[${error}]]</h2>
    <h2>exception：[[${exception}]]</h2>
    <h2>message：[[${message}]]</h2>
    <h2>errors：[[${errors}]]</h2>

### 7.4：定制错误响应-定制错误json数据 ###

1：自定义异常处理，返回定制的json数据；

@ControllerAdvice
    public class MyExceptionHandler {
        @ResponseBody
        @ExceptionHandler(UserNotException.class)
        public Map<String,Object> handldeException(Exception e){
            Map<String ,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("code","usernotfind");
            map.put("message",e.getMessage());
            return map;
        }
    }

弊端就是这个方法没有自适应效果，不论是客户端还是浏览器都返回该json数据；

2：转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

@ControllerAdvice
    public class MyExceptionHandler {
        @ExceptionHandler(UserNotException.class)
        public String handldeException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
            Map<String ,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            // Integer statusCode = (Integer)request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
            //传入我们自己的状态码
            request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",400);
            map.put("code","usernotfind");
            map.put("message",e.getMessage());
            System.out.println("e:"+ JSONObject.toJSONString(e));
            return "forward:/error";
        }
    }

### 7.5：定制错误响应-将我们的数据携带出去 ###

出现错误以后，会来到/error请求，会被BasicErrorController处理，响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的（是AbstractErrorController（ErrorController）规定的方法）；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 46][]

1：所以我们可以完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】，放在容器中； 但是太费时 不推荐

2：页面上能用的数据，或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到；是DefaultErrorAttributes的方法，所以我们可以重写DefaultErrorAttributes类的方法

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 47][]

@Component
    public class MyErrorContoller extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
        @Override
        public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
            Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, options);
            //增加我们自己的标识
            map.put("sign","wkl");
            //或者从请求域中拿到我们跑出异常的信息（该信息事前放在请求域中）
            //他的构造方法，0代表request请求域，1代表session
            Map<String,Object> ext = (Map<String, Object>) webRequest.getAttribute("ext", 0);
            map.put("ext",ext);
            return map;
        }
    }

## 8：配置嵌入式Servlet容器 ##

Springboot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的容器

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 48][]

### 8.1：如何定制和修改Sevlet容器的相关配置 ###

1：配置文件修改和server有关的配置（ServerProperties）；

server.port=8081
    server.context-path=/crud
    
    server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8
    
    //通用的Servlet容器设置
    server.xxx
    //Tomcat的设置
    server.tomcat.xxx

2：编写一个**EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer**：嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器；来修改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean
        public ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory configurableServletWebServerFactory(){
            TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
            tomcatServletWebServerFactory.setPort(8089);
            return tomcatServletWebServerFactory;
        }

## 8.2:注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】 ##

由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用，没有web.xml文件。

注册三大组件用以下方式

1:ServletRegistrationBean

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 49][]

@Configuration
    public class MyServletConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean(){
            ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(), "/servlet");
            return servletRegistrationBean;
        }
    }

2:FilterRegistrationBean

public class MyFileter implements Filter {
        @Override
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            System.out.println("MyFilter process...");
            filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() {
    
        }
    }

//注册Filter
        @Bean
        public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean(){
            FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
            filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(new MyFileter());
            filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/servlet"));
            return filterRegistrationBean;
        }

3:ServletListenerRegistrationBean

//监听服务器启动关闭
    public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener {
        @Override
        public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
            System.out.println("contenx监听器启动了。。。");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
            System.out.println("contenx监听器关闭了。。。");
    
        }
    }

//注册监听器
        @Bean
        public ServletListenerRegistrationBean servletListenerRegistrationBean(){
            ServletListenerRegistrationBean servletListenerRegistrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(new MyListener());
    
            return servletListenerRegistrationBean;
        }

4:SpringBoot帮我们自动配置SpringMVC的时候，自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器；DIspatcherServlet；

在DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration类中：

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
    @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
    public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
          DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
       ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
             dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
        //默认拦截： /  所有请求；包静态资源，但是不拦截jsp请求；   /*会拦截jsp
        //可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
        
       registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
       registration.setLoadOnStartup(
             this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
       if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
          registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
       }
       return registration;
    }

### 8.3：替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器 ###

![20200531153048989.png][]

默认支持：

Tomcat（默认使用）

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>

Jetty(长链接如聊天)

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            </dependency>

Undertow（不支持jsp）

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            </dependency>

### 8.4：嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理； ###

步骤：

1）、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况，给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

2）、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器；EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor；

只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂，后置处理器就工作；

3）、后置处理器，从容器中获取所有的**EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer**，调用定制器的定制方法

### 8.5：嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理； ###

什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂？什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat；

获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂：

1）、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法

2）、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象，并初始化容器，创建容器中的每一个组件】；如果是web应用创建**AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext**，否则：**AnnotationConfigApplicationContext**

3）、refresh(context);**刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器；**

4）、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法

5）、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器；**createEmbeddedServletContainer**();

**6）、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂：**

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件；**TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory**创建对象，后置处理器一看是这个对象，就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置；

7）、**使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器**：this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8）、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器；

**先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器，再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来；**

**IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器**

## 9、使用外置的Servlet容器 ##

嵌入式Servlet容器：应用打成可执行的jar

优点：简单、便携；

缺点：默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂（使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】，自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】）；

外置的Servlet容器：外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包；

### 9.1：步骤： ###

1：必须创建一个war项目；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 50][]

2：利用idea创建好目录结构（创建webapp目录和web.xml）

创建webapp目录

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 51][]

创建web.xml

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 52][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 53][]

3:将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided；

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 54][]

4:必须编写一个**SpringBootServletInitializer**的子类，并调用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    
        @Override
        protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
            //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
            return application.sources(Springboot04WebJspApplication.class);
        }
    
    }

5:配置外部tomcat

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 55][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 56][]

6:测试路径

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 57][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 58][]

#跳转页面前缀
    spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/
    #跳转页面后缀
    spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp

### 9.2:原理 ###

jar包：执行SpringBoot主类的main方法，启动ioc容器，创建嵌入式的Servlet容器；

war包：启动服务器，**服务器启动SpringBoot应用**【SpringBootServletInitializer】，启动ioc容器；

规则：

1）、服务器启动（web应用启动）会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例：

2）、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下，有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件，内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名

3）、还可以使用@HandlesTypes，在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类；

### 9.3：过程 ###

1）、启动Tomcat

2）、org/springframework/spring-web/5.2.6.RELEASE/spring-web-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar!/META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer

Spring的web模块里面有这个文件，内容：**org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 59][]

3：**SpringServletContainerInitializer**将@**HandlesTypes**(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>；为这些不是接口的WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例；

4：每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup；

他的实现类：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 60][]

5：相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象，并执行onStartup方法，该方法就是ServletInitializer的父类

6:SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext；创建根容器

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 61][]

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
          ServletContext servletContext) {
        //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder环境构建器
       SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
       StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
       environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
       builder.environment(environment);
       builder.main(getClass());
       ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
       if (parent != null) {
          this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
          servletContext.setAttribute(
                WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
          builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
       }
       builder.initializers(
             new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
       builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
        
        //调用configure方法，子类重写了这个方法，将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
       builder = configure(builder);
        
        //使用builder创建一个Spring应用
       SpringApplication application = builder.build();
       if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
             .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
          application.getSources().add(getClass());
       }
       Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
             "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
                   + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
       // Ensure error pages are registered
       if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
          application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
       }
        //启动Spring应用
       return run(application);
    }

7：Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
       StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
       stopWatch.start();
       ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
       FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
       configureHeadlessProperty();
       SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
       listeners.starting();
       try {
          ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                args);
          ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
                applicationArguments);
          Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
          context = createApplicationContext();
          analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
          prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
                printedBanner);
           
           //刷新IOC容器
          refreshContext(context);
          afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
          listeners.finished(context, null);
          stopWatch.stop();
          if (this.logStartupInfo) {
             new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                   .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
          }
          return context;
       }
       catch (Throwable ex) {
          handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
          throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
       }
    }

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[http_www.webjars.org]: http://www.webjars.org/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200517231710869.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[http_127.0.0.1_8088]: http://127.0.0.1:8088/
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200517232345716.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[http_127.0.0.1_8088_asserts_js_Chart.min.js]: http://127.0.0.1:8088/asserts/js/Chart.min.js
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020051723391969.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxNjk0OTA2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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