Ubuntu 20.4 没有/etc/network/interfaces，配置网络需用Netplan

分手后的思念是犯贱 2023-10-05 22:32 103阅读 0赞

最近装了Ubuntu 20 桌面版，需要配置内网，一如既往地找`/etc/network/interfaces`去配置，发现没有。

于是上网查询，说桌面版现在使用的是[netplan.io][],官网打开后如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5a2Q5a6d5LiB_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]

## 什么是NetPlan ##

> Netplan is a utility for easily configuring networking on a linux system. You simply create a YAML description of the required network interfaces and what each should be configured to do. From this description Netplan will generate all the necessary configuration for your chosen renderer tool.

**译文：**

> Netplan 是一个用于在 linux 系统上轻松配置网络的实用程序。您只需创建所需网络接口的 YAML 描述以及每个应配置的功能。根据此描述，Netplan 将为您选择的渲染器工具生成所有必要的配置。

## NetPlan 如何工作 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5a2Q5a6d5LiB_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]

> ### How does it work? ###
> 
> Netplan reads network configuration from `/etc/netplan/*.yaml` which are written by administrators, installers, cloud image instantiations, or other OS deployments. During early boot, Netplan generates backend specific configuration files in `/run` to hand off control of devices to a particular networking daemon.
> 
> Netplan currently works with these supported renderers

**译文：**

> ### 它是如何工作的？ ###
> 
> Netplan 从 /etc/netplan/\*.yaml 读取网络配置，这些配置由管理员、安装程序、云映像实例化或其他操作系统部署编写。在早期启动期间，Netplan 在 /run 中生成后端特定配置文件，以将设备控制权移交给特定的网络守护进程。
> 
> Netplan 目前可与这些受支持的渲染器一起使用。
> 
>  *  [NetworkManager][]
>  *  [Systemd-networkd][]

也就是说，NetPlan 其实最终还是使用NetworkManager 和 System-networkd 完成网络配置，只不过配置方式改为更直观的yaml。

## 配置项 ##

Netplan为yaml文件设计了一系列配置字段，这些字段满足详见[Netplan | Backend-agnostic network configuration in YAML][Netplan _ Backend-agnostic network configuration in YAML]

## 配置示例 ##

需求不一样，配置也不一样，以下是官方列出的常用配置示例：

network:
      version: 2
    
      # if specified globally, can only realistically have that value, as
      # networkd cannot render wifi/3G. This would be shipped as a separate
      # config.d/ by desktop images
      # it can also be specified by-type or by-device
      renderer: network-manager
      ethernets:
        # opaque ID for physical interfaces with match rules
        # only referred to by other stanzas
        id0:
          match:
            macaddress: 00:11:22:33:44:55
          wakeonlan: true
          dhcp4: true
          addresses:
            - 192.168.14.2/24
            - 2001:1::1/64
          lom:
            # example for explicitly setting a backend (default would be networkd)
            match:
              driver: ixgbe
            # you are responsible for setting tight enough match rules
            # that only match one device if you use set-name
            set-name: lom1
            dhcp6: true
          switchports:
            # all cards on second PCI bus
            # unconfigured by themselves will be added to br0 below
            match:
              name: enp2*
            mtu: 1280
        wifis:
          all-wlans:
          # useful on a system where you know there is
          # only ever going to be one device
          match: {
        }
          access-points:
            "Joe's home":
              # mode defaults to "managed" (client), key type to wpa-psk
              password: "s3kr1t"
          # this creates an AP on wlp1s0 using hostapd
          # no match rules, thus ID is the interface name
          wlp1s0:
            access-points:
              "guest":
                mode: ap
                channel: 11
                # no WPA config implies default of open
        bridges:
          # the key name is the name for virtual (created) interfaces;
          # no 'match' or 'set-name' attributes are allowed.
          br0:
            # IDs of the components
            # switchports expands into multiple interfaces
            interfaces: [wlp1s0, switchports]
            dhcp4: true
          routes:
            - to: 0.0.0.0/0
            via: 11.0.0.1
            metric: 3
          nameservers:
            search: [foo.local, bar.local]
            addresses: [8.8.8.8]

更多详细见[Netplan | Backend-agnostic network configuration in YAML][Netplan _ Backend-agnostic network configuration in YAML 1]

## 命令 ##

根据设计，配置完成后，Netplan 需要执行命令是配置生效。

*  netplan generate
    
    Use `/etc/netplan` to generate the required configuration for the renderers.  
      
    使用 `/etc/netplan` 为渲染器生成所需的配置。
 *  netplan apply
    
    Apply all configuration for the renderers, restarting them as necessary.  
      
    应用渲染器的所有配置，并根据需要重新启动它们
 *  netplan try
    
    Apply configuration and wait for user confirmation; will roll back if network is broken or no confirmation is given.  
      
    应用配置并等待用户确认；如果网络中断或没有确认将回滚。
 *  netplan get
    
    Merge and display all the current available configuration on the system.  
      
    合并并显示系统上所有当前可用的配置。
 *  netplan set
    
    Add new setting by specifying a dotted `key=value` pair like `ethernets.eth0.dhcp4=true`.  
      
    通过指定带点的 `key=value` 对来添加新设置，例如 `ethernets.eth0.dhcp4=true`。
 *  netplan info
    
    Show available feature flags of the currently installed version as YAML.  
      
    将当前安装版本的可用功能标志显示为 YAML。
 *  netplan ip
    
    Retrieve IP information from the system.  
      
    从系统中检索 IP 信息。
 *  netplan help
    
    Show the help message.  
      
    显示帮助信息。

更多详细，请移步官网。

**当然，作为桌面版，可以在右上角找到网络设置功能，使用图形化配置来配置。**

## 系列文章 ##

*  [【ubuntu】 20.04 网络连接器图标不显示、有线未托管、设置界面中没有“网络”选项等问题解决方案][ubuntu_ 20.04]
 *  [【ubuntu】网络管理：/usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-globally-managed-devices.conf 该文件是什么文件，有什么用，如何使用 ？][ubuntu_usr_lib_NetworkManager_conf.d_10-globally-managed-devices.conf _]

[netplan.io]: https://netplan.io/
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5a2Q5a6d5LiB_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/1660f9e8b08945ef917498eaadcb4ee4.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5a2Q5a6d5LiB,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5a2Q5a6d5LiB_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/ab8bbbdbb9ad45b5a007cda1d6071c8d.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5a2Q5a6d5LiB,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[NetworkManager]: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkManager
[Systemd-networkd]: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man5/systemd.network.5.html
[Netplan _ Backend-agnostic network configuration in YAML]: https://netplan.io/reference/
[Netplan _ Backend-agnostic network configuration in YAML 1]: https://netplan.io/examples/
[ubuntu_ 20.04]: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_47406832/article/details/132453065
[ubuntu_usr_lib_NetworkManager_conf.d_10-globally-managed-devices.conf _]: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_47406832/article/details/132452367