VMware15.5下安装CentOS6.8的步骤

古城微笑少年丶 2023-10-05 20:58 32阅读 0赞

## 一、安装 ##

1、打开虚拟机VMware，就会看到如下页面。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
2、点击上图的“新建虚拟机”，进入如下页面，选中“典型(推荐)”，点击下一步。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]  
3、选中“稍后安装操作系统”，点击下一步。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]  
4、选中“Linux(L)”，在版本处选择要安装的Linux的版本。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
5、设置自己的虚拟机名字，选则Linux系统要安装的位置。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]  
6、设置最大磁盘的大小，选中“将虚拟机拆分成多个文件”，然后单击“下一步”。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]  
7、进入到如下页面。开始设置安装的虚拟机的设备情况。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]  
8、点击“编辑虚拟机设置”，设置安装的Linux系统的设备情况。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]  
9、设置虚拟机内存大小，一般设为2G  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]  
10、设置处理器，这个根据自己电脑的情况来设置比较好。我的电脑是4核的，所以将处理器设为了2，每个处理器的内核数量设为了2，总共即4个内核。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]  
11、设置网络适配器，常用NAT模式，这种模式解决了IP地址冲突的问题。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]  
12、前面环境设置好后，开始正式安装CentOS6.8。点击”虚拟机“，点击”设置“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 11]  
13、选中“CD/DVD(IDE)”，选中"使用ISO镜像文件"，点击”浏览“，选中CentOS6.8镜像所在的位置，然后点击”确定“。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 12]  
14、点击”开启此虚拟机“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 13]  
15、等待一段时间后，就会进入如下页面。按”tab“键将光标切换到Linux中，选中”Skip“按钮  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 14]  
16、然后，单击”Next“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 15]  
17、在这里，设置常用的语言。我选的是中文(简体)，然后点击”Next“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 16]  
18、然后选中"美国英语式"  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 17]19、选中”基本存储设备“，点击"下一步"  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 18]  
20、在该页面中，选中”在所有包含未探测分区或文件系统的设备中应用我的选择“，点击”是，忽略所有数据“。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 19]  
21、设置主机名，点击”下一步“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 20]  
22、点击”下一步“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 21]  
23、设置根账户与根密码，点击”下一步“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 22]  
24、选中”创建自定义布局“，点击”下一步“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 23]

25、开始创建磁盘驱动器，如下页面。三个分区：swap分区 交换分区；/boot分区 引导分区；/分区 引导分区  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 24]  
26、点击”创建“，选中”批准分区“，然后点击”创建“，进入到要创建的磁盘的具体页面。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 25]

1.  创建/boot分区  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 26]
2.  创建swap分区  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 27]
3.  创建根分区  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 28]
4.  创建好的分区情况如下。然后，点击”下一步“，  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 29]
5.  弹出如下界面，点击”格式化“  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 30]
6.  点击”将修改写入磁盘“  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20210306193535842.png]

27、点击”下一步“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 31]  
28、选中你要创建的CentOS的形式。我选择的是”Desktop“形式；选中”自定义“，点击”下一步“  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 32]  
29、选择要安装的程序。根据自己的实际情况来定。我的选择如下所示：

1.  Web服务：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 33]
2.  可扩展文件系统支持：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 34]
3.  基本系统：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 35]
4.  应用程序：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 36]
5.  开发：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 37]
6.  弹性存储：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 38]
7.  数据库：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 39]
8.  服务器：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 40]  
    9.桌面：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTMyNTA4NjE_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 41]

## 二、网络配置 ##

### 1、查看网络IP和网关 ###

#### 1.1 查看虚拟网络编辑器 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][2021012616475551.png_pic_center]

#### 1.2 修改ip地址 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][20210126164823361.png_pic_center]

#### 1.3 查看网关 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][20210126164838513.png_pic_center]

#### 1.4 查看windows环境的中VMnet8网络配置(控制面板-网络和Internet-更改适配器选项) ####

![在这里插入图片描述][20210126165156216.png_pic_center]

### 2、配置Linux系统的网络IP和网关 ###

#### 2.1 查看当前网络IP ####

[whx@hadoop101 ~]$ ifconfig
    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:7D:B7:BC  
              inet addr:192.168.1.101  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7d:b7bc/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:3066 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:1172 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
              RX bytes:240100 (234.4 KiB)  TX bytes:133232 (130.1 KiB)
    
    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
              inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
              inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
              UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
              RX packets:123 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:123 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
              RX bytes:18048 (17.6 KiB)  TX bytes:18048 (17.6 KiB)
    
    [whx@hadoop101 ~]$

#### 2.2 修改当前Linux系统的IP地址为固定地址 ####

[whx@hadoop101 ~]$ vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

![在这里插入图片描述][20210126165635505.png_pic_center]  
以下标红的项必须修改，有值的按照下面的值修改，没有该项的要增加。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210126165752870.png_pic_center]

DEVICE=eth0
    HWADDR=00:0c:29:7d:b7:bc
    TYPE=Ethernet
    UUID=d902e817-ae32-4272-bc86-66ebca38f2b6
    ONBOOT=yes
    NM_CONTROLLED=yes
    BOOTPROTO=static
    IPADDR=192.168.1.101
    GATEWAY=192.168.1.2
    DNS1=114.114.114.114
    DNS2=8.8.8.8

#### 2.3 重启network ####

执行

service network restart

如果报错，reboot，重启虚拟机  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210126170045668.png_pic_center]

## 三、配置主机名 ##

### 1、查看当前Linux系统的主机名称 ###

[whx@hadoop101 ~]$ hostname
    hadoop101
    [whx@hadoop101 ~]$

### 2、修改当前Linux系统的主机名称 ###

如果感觉此主机名不合适，我们可以进行修改。通过编辑/etc/sysconfig/network文件，修改HOSTNAME。  
注意：主机名称不要有“\_”下划线

[whx@hadoop101 ~]$ vim /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes
    HOSTNAME=hadoop101
    NTPSERVERARGS=iburst

### 3、关闭防火墙 ###

#### 3.1 临时关闭防火墙 ####

[whx@hadoop101 ~]$ sudo service iptables stop

#### 3.1 关闭iptables服务的自动启动：开机启动时关闭防火墙 ####

[whx@hadoop101 ~]$ sudo chkconfig iptables off

### 4、添加新用户并配置新用户具备root权限 ###

#### 4.1 添加新用户 ####

[root@hadoop101 ~]# useradd whx
    [whx@hadoop101 ~]$ ll /home/
    total 4
    drwx------. 27 whx whx 4096 Jan 26 17:05 whx
    [whx@hadoop101 ~]$

#### 4.2 设置用户密码 ####

[root@hadoop101 ~]# passwd whx

#### 4.3 赋予普通用户具有root权限 ####

修改配置文件

[root@hadoop101 ~]# vi /etc/sudoers

修改 /etc/sudoers 文件，找到下面一行(91行)，在root下面添加一行，如下所示：

## Allow root to run any commands anywhere
    root    ALL=(ALL)     ALL
    whx   ALL=(ALL)     ALL

或者配置成**采用sudo命令时，不需要输入密码**

## Allow root to run any commands anywhere
    root      ALL=(ALL)     ALL
    whx   ALL=(ALL)     NOPASSWD:ALL

修改完毕，现在可以用whx帐号登录，然后用命令 sudo ，即可获得root权限进行操作。

--------------------

参考资料：  
[VMware15.5下安装CentOS6.8的步骤][VMware15.5_CentOS6.8]

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[VMware15.5_CentOS6.8]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40845019/article/details/102944003