GoAccess Manual Page

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2023-10-05 08:26 20阅读 0赞

## Manual Page ##

#### NAME ####

goaccess - Fast web log analyzer and interactive viewer.

#### SYNOPSIS ####

goaccess [filename] [ options ... ] [-c][-M][-H][-q][-d][...]

#### DESCRIPTION ####

goaccess is a free (MIT Licensed) and open source real-time web log analyzer and interactive viewer that runs in a terminal in \*nix systems or through your browser.

It provides fast and valuable HTTP statistics for system administrators that require a visual server report on the fly. GoAccess parses the specified web log file and outputs the data to the X terminal. Features include:

*  **General Statistics:** This panel gives a summary of several metrics, some of them are: number of valid and invalid requests, time taken to analyze the data set, unique visitors, requested files, static files (CSS, ICO, JPG, etc) HTTP referrers, 404s, size of the parsed log file and bandwidth con‐ sumption.
 *  **Unique visitors:** This panel shows metrics such as hits, unique visitors and cumulative bandwidth per date. HTTP requests containing the same IP, the same date, and the same user agent are considered a unique visitor. By default, it includes web crawlers/spiders.  
    Optionally, date specificity can be set to the hour level using --date-spec=hr which will display dates such as 05/Jun/2016:16. This is great if you want to track your daily traffic at the hour level.
 *  **Requested files:** This panel displays the most highly requested (non-static) files on your web server. It shows hits, unique visitors, and percentage, along with the cumulative bandwidth, protocol, and the request method used.
 *  **Requested static files:** Lists the most frequently static files such as: `JPG`, `CSS`, `SWF`, `JS`, `GIF`, and `PNG` file types, along with the same metrics as the last panel. Additional static files can be added to the configuration file.
 *  **404 or Not Found:** Displays the same metrics as the previous request panels, however, its data contains all pages that were not found on the server, or commonly known as 404 status code.
 *  **Hosts:** This panel has detailed information on the hosts themselves. This is great for spotting aggressive crawlers and identifying who's eating your bandwidth.  
    Expanding the panel can display more information such as host's reverse DNS lookup result, country of origin and city. If the `-a` argument is enabled, a list of user agents can be displayed by selecting the desired IP address, and then pressing ENTER.
 *  **Operating Systems:** This panel will report which operating system the host used when it hit the server. It attempts to provide the most specific version of each operating system.
 *  **Browsers:** This panel will report which browser the host used when it hit the server. It attempts to provide the most specific version of each browser.
 *  **Visit Times:** This panel will display an hourly report. This option displays 24 data points, one for each hour of the day.  
    Optionally, hour specificity can be set to the tenth of a minute level using --hour-spec=min which will display hours as 16:4 This is great if you want to spot peaks of traffic on your server.
 *  **Virtual Hosts:** This panel will display all the different virtual hosts parsed from the access log. This panel is displayed if %v is used within the log-format string.
 *  **Referrers URLs:** If the host in question accessed the site via another resource, or was linked/diverted to you from another host, the URL they were referred from will be provided in this panel. See `` `--ignore-panel` `` in your configuration file to enable it. **(disabled by default)**
 *  **Referring Sites:** This panel will display only the host part but not the whole URL. The URL where the request came from.
 *  **Keyphrases:** It reports keyphrases used on Google search, Google cache, and Google translate that have led to your web server. At present, it only supports Google search queries via HTTP. See `` `--ignore-panel` `` in your configuration file to enable it. **(disabled by default)**
 *  **Geo Location:** Determines where an IP address is geographically located. Statistics are broken down by continent and country. It needs to be compiled with GeoLocation support.
 *  **HTTP Status Codes:** The values of the numeric status code to HTTP requests.
 *  **Remote User (HTTP authentication)** This is the userid of the person requesting the document as determined by HTTP authentication. If the document is not password protected, this part will be "-" just like the previous one. This panel is not enabled unless `%e` is given within the log-format variable.
 *  **Cache Status** If you are using caching on your server, you may be at the point where you want to know if your request is being cached and served from the cache. This panel shows the cache status of the object the server served. This panel is not enabled unless %C is given within the log-format variable. The status can be either `MISS`, `BYPASS`, `EXPIRED`, `STALE`, `UPDATING`, `REVALIDATED` or `HIT`

NOTE: Optionally and if configured, all panels can display the average time taken to serve the request.

#### STORAGE ####

There are three storage options that can be used with GoAccess. Choosing one will depend on your environment and needs.

Default Hash Tables

> In-memory storage provides better performance at the cost of limiting the dataset size to the amount of available physical memory. GoAccess uses in-memory hash tables. It has very good memory usage and pretty good performance. This storage has support for on-disk persistence.

#### CONFIGURATION ####

Multiple options can be used to configure GoAccess. For a complete up-to-date list of configure options, run *./configure --help*

`--enable-debug`

Compile with debugging symbols and turn off compiler optimizations.

`--enable-utf8`

Compile with wide character support. Ncursesw is required.

`--enable-geoip=<legacy|mmdb>`

Compile with GeoLocation support. MaxMind's GeoIP is required. `legacy` will utilize the original GeoIP databases. `mmdb` will utilize the enhanced GeoIP2 databases.

`--with-getline`

Dynamically expands line buffer in order to parse full line requests instead of using a fixed size buffer of 4096.

`--with-openssl`

Compile GoAccess with OpenSSL support for its WebSocket server.

#### OPTIONS ####

The following options can be supplied via the command line or long options through the configuration file.

LOG/DATE/TIME FORMAT

*  **--time-format <timeformat>**
    
    The time-format variable followed by a space, specifies the log format time containing any combination of regular characters and special format specifiers. They all begin with a percentage (%) sign. See \`man strftime\`. %T or %H:%M:%S.
 *  **--date-format <dateformat>**
    
    The date-format variable followed by a space, specifies the log format date containing any combination of regular characters and special format specifiers.They all begin with a percentage (%) sign. See \`man strftime\`.
 *  **--log-format <logformat>**
    
    The log-format variable followed by a space or `\t` for tab-delimited, specifies the log format string.
    
    In addition to specifying the raw log/date/time formats, for simplicity, any of the following predefined log format names can be supplied to the log/date/time-format variables. GoAccess can also handle one predefined name in one variable and another predefined name in another variable.
    
        COMBINED     | Combined Log Format
        VCOMBINED    | Combined Log Format with Virtual Host
        COMMON       | Common Log Format
        VCOMMON      | Common Log Format with Virtual Host
        W3C          | W3C Extended Log File Format
        SQUID        | Native Squid Log Format
        CLOUDFRONT   | Amazon CloudFront Web Distribution
        CLOUDSTORAGE | Google Cloud Storage
        AWSELB       | Amazon Elastic Load Balancing
        AWSS3        | Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
    
    Note: Generally, you need quotes around values that include white spaces, commas, pipes, quotes, and/or brackets. Inner quotes must be escaped.
    
    Note: Piping data into GoAccess won't prompt a log/date/time configuration dialog, you will need to previously define it in your configuration file or in the command line.

USER INTERFACE OPTIONS

See configuration file for a sample color scheme.

*  **-c --config-dialog**
    
    Prompt log/date configuration window on program start.
 *  **-i --hl-header**
    
    Color highlight active panel.
 *  **-m --with-mouse**
    
    Enable mouse support on main dashboard.
 *  **--color=<fg:bg\[attrs, PANEL>**
    
    Specify custom colors for the terminal output.
    
    **Color Syntax:**
    
    `DEFINITION space/tab colorFG#:colorBG# [attributes,PANEL]`
    
        FG# = foreground color [-1...255] (-1 = default term color)
        BG# = background color [-1...255] (-1 = default term color)
    
    *Optionally*, it is possible to apply color attributes (multiple attributes are comma separated), such as: `bold,underline,normal,reverse,blink`
    
    If desired, it is possible to apply custom colors per panel, that is, a metric in the REQUESTS panel can be of color A, while the same metric in the BROWSERS panel can be of color B.
    
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_HITS
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_VISITORS
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_DATA
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_BW
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_AVGTS
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_CUMTS
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_MAXTS
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_PROT
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_MTHD
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_HITS\_PERC
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_HITS\_PERC\_MAX
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_VISITORS\_PERC
     *  COLOR\_MTRC\_VISITORS\_PERC\_MAX
     *  COLOR\_PANEL\_COLS
     *  COLOR\_BARS
     *  COLOR\_ERROR
     *  COLOR\_SELECTED
     *  COLOR\_PANEL\_ACTIVE
     *  COLOR\_PANEL\_HEADER
     *  COLOR\_PANEL\_DESC
     *  COLOR\_OVERALL\_LBLS
     *  COLOR\_OVERALL\_VALS
     *  COLOR\_OVERALL\_PATH
     *  COLOR\_ACTIVE\_LABEL
     *  COLOR\_BG
     *  COLOR\_DEFAULT
     *  COLOR\_PROGRESS
 *  **--color-scheme <1|2|3>**
    
    Choose among terminal color schemes. `1` for the monochrome scheme. `2` for the green scheme and `3` for the Monokai scheme (shown only if terminal supports 256 colors).
 *  **--crawlers-only**
    
    Parse and display only crawlers (bots).
 *  **--html-custom-css=<path.css>**
    
    Specifies a custom CSS file path to load in the HTML report.
 *  **--html-custom-js=<path.js>**
    
    Specifies a custom JS file path to load in the HTML report.
 *  **--html-report-title=<title>**
    
    Set HTML report page title and header.
 *  **--html-prefs=<JSON>**
    
    Set HTML report default preferences. Supply a valid JSON object containing the HTML preferences. It allows the ability to customize each panel plot. See example below.
    
        --html-prefs='{"theme":"bright","perPage":5,"layout":"horizontal","showTables":true,"visitors":{"plot":{"chartType":"bar"}}}'
    
    Note: Note: The JSON object passed needs to be a one line JSON string. For instance,
 *  **--json-pretty-print**
    
    Format JSON output using tabs and newlines.
 *  **--max-items=<num>**
    
    The maximum number of items to display per panel. The maximum can be a number between 1 and n.  
    Note: Only a static HTML, CSV and JSON output allow a maximum number greater than the default value of 366 (or 50 in the real-time HTML output) items per panel.
 *  **--no-color**
    
    Turn off colored output. This is the default output on terminals that do not support colors.
 *  **--no-column-names**
    
    Don't write column names in the terminal output. By default, it displays column names for each available metric in every panel.
 *  **--no-csv-summary**
    
    Disable summary metrics on the CSV output.
 *  **--no-progress**
    
    Disable progress metrics \[total requests/requests per second\] when parsing a log.
 *  **--no-tab-scroll**
    
    Disable scrolling through panels when TAB is pressed or when a panel is selected using a numeric key.
 *  **--no-html-last-updated**
    
    Do not show the last updated field displayed in the HTML generated report.
 *  **--no-parsing-spinner**
    
    Do now show the progress metrics and parsing spinner.

SERVER OPTIONS

*  **--addr=<address>**
    
    Specify IP address to bind the server to. Otherwise it binds to 0.0.0.0.
    
    Usually there is no need to specify the address, unless you intentionally would like to bind the server to a different address within your server.
 *  **--daemonize**
    
    Run GoAccess as daemon (only if --real-time-html enabled).
 *  **--user-name=<username>**
    
    Run GoAccess as the specified user.
    
    Note: Note: It's important to ensure the user or the users' group can access the input and output files as well as any other files needed. Other groups the user belongs to will be ignored. As such it's advised to run GoAccess behind a SSL proxy as it's unlikely this user can access the SSL certificates.
 *  **--origin=<url>**
    
    Ensure clients send the specified origin header upon the WebSocket handshake. The specified origin should look exactly to the origin header field sent by the browser. e.g., `--origin=http://goaccess.io`
 *  **--pid-file=<path/goaccess.pid>**
    
    Write the daemon PID to a file when used along the --daemonize option.
 *  **--port=<port>**
    
    Specify the port to use. By default GoAccess listens on port 7890 for the WebSocket server. Ensure this port is opened.
 *  **--real-time-html**
    
    Enable real-time HTML output.
 *  **--ws-url=<\[scheme://\]url\[:port\]>**
    
    URL to which the WebSocket server responds. This is the URL supplied to the WebSocket constructor on the client side.
    
    Optionally, it is possible to specify the WebSocket URI scheme, such as `ws://` or `wss://` for unencrypted and encrypted connections. e.g., `wss://goaccess.io`
    
    If GoAccess is running behind a proxy, you could set the client side to connect to a different port by specifying the host followed by a colon and the port. e.g., `goaccess.io:9999`
    
    By default, it will attempt to connect to the generated report's hostname. If GoAccess is running on a remote server, the host of the remote server should be specified here. Also, make sure it is a valid host and NOT an http address.
 *  **--fifo-in=<path/file>**
    
    Creates a named pipe (FIFO) that reads from on the given path/file.
 *  **--fifo-out=<path/file>**
    
    Creates a named pipe (FIFO) that writes to the given path/file.
 *  **--ssl-cert=<path/cert.crt>**
    
    Path to TLS/SSL certificate. In order to enable TLS/SSL support, GoAccess requires that `--ssl-cert` and `--ssl-key` are used.  
    Only if configured using --with-openssl
 *  **--ssl-key=<path/priv.key>**
    
    Path to TLS/SSL private key. In order to enable TLS/SSL support, GoAccess requires that `--ssl-cert` and `--ssl-key` are used.  
    Only if configured using --with-openssl

FILE OPTIONS

*  **-**
    
    The log file to parse is read from stdin.
 *  **-f --log-file=<logfile>**
    
    Specify the path to the input log file. If set in the config file, it will take priority over `-f` from the command line.
 *  **-l --log-debug=<filename>**
    
    Send all debug messages to the specified file. Needs to be configured with `--enable-debug`
 *  **-p --config-file=<configfile>**
    
    Specify a custom configuration file to use. If set, it will take priority over the global configuration file (if any).
 *  **--invalid-requests=<filename>**
    
    Log invalid requests to the specified file.
 *  **--no-global-config**
    
    Do not load the global configuration file. This directory should normally be `/usr/etc/`, `/etc/` or `/usr/local/etc/`, unless specified with `--sysconfdir=/dir` at the time of running ./configure

PARSE OPTIONS

*  **-a --agent-list**
    
    Enable a list of user-agents by host. For faster parsing, do not enable this flag.
 *  **-d --with-output-resolver**
    
    Enable IP resolver on the `HTML` or `JSON` output.
 *  **-e --exclude-ip <IP|IP-range>**
    
    Exclude an IPv4 or IPv6 from being counted. Ranges can be included as well using a dash in between the IPs (start-end).
    
     *  `exclude-ip 127.0.0.1`
     *  `exclude-ip 192.168.0.1-192.168.0.100`
     *  `exclude-ip ::1`
     *  `exclude-ip 0:0:0:0:0:ffff:808:804-0:0:0:0:0:ffff:808:808`
 *  **-H --http-protocol=<yes|no>**
    
    Set/unset HTTP request protocol. This will create a request key containing the request protocol + the actual request.
 *  **-M --http-method=<yes|no>**
    
    Set/unset HTTP request method. This will create a request key containing the request method + the actual request.
 *  **-o --output=<json|csv|html>**
    
    Write output to stdout given one of the following files and the corresponding extension for the output format:
    
     *  /path/file.csv - Comma-separated values (CSV)
     *  /path/file.json - JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
     *  /path/file.html - HTML
 *  **-q --no-query-string**
    
    Ignore request's query string. i.e., www.google.com/page.htm?query => www.google.com/page.htm  
    Note: Removing the query string can greatly decrease memory consumption, especially on timestamped requests.
 *  **-r --no-term-resolver**
    
    Disable IP resolver on terminal output.
 *  **--444-as-404**
    
    Treat non-standard status code 444 as 404.
 *  **--4xx-to-unique-count**
    
    Add 4xx client errors to the unique visitors count.
 *  **--anonymize-ip**
    
    Anonymize the client IP address. The IP anonymization option sets the last octet of IPv4 user IP addresses and the last 80 bits of IPv6 addresses to zeros. e.g.,
    
        192.168.20.100 => 192.168.20.0
        2a03:2880:2110:df07:face:b00c::1 => 2a03:2880:2110:df07::
 *  **--all-static-files**
    
    Include static files that contain a query string.
 *  **--browsers-file=<path>**
    
    By default GoAccess parses an "essential/basic" curated list of browsers & crawlers. If you need to add additional browsers, use this option. Include an additional tab delimited list of browsers/crawlers/feeds etc. See [config/browsers.list][config_browsers.list].  
    Note: The SIZE of the list is proportional to the run time. Thus, the longer the list, the more time GoAccess will take to parse it.
 *  **--date-spec=<date|hr>**
    
    Set the date specificity to either date (default) or hr to display hours appended to the date.  
    This is used in the visitors panel. It's useful for tracking visitors at the hour level. For instance, an hour specificity would yield to display traffic as `18/Dec/2010:19`
 *  **--double-decode**
    
    Decode double-encoded values. This includes, user-agent, request, and referer.
 *  **--enable-panel=<PANEL>**
    
    Enable parsing/displaying the given panel. List of panels:
    
     *  VISITORS
     *  REQUESTS
     *  REQUESTS\_STATIC
     *  NOT\_FOUND
     *  HOSTS
     *  OS
     *  BROWSERS
     *  VISIT\_TIMES
     *  VIRTUAL\_HOSTS
     *  REFERRERS
     *  REFERRING\_SITES
     *  KEYPHRASES
     *  STATUS\_CODES
     *  REMOTE\_USER
     *  GEO\_LOCATION
 *  **--hide-referer<NEEDLE>**
    
    Hide a referer but still count it. Wild cards are allowed in the needle. i.e., \*.bing.com.
 *  **--hour-spec=<hour|min>**
    
    Set the time specificity to either hour (default) or min to display the tenth of an hour appended to the hour.  
    This is used in the time distribution panel. It's useful for tracking peaks of traffic on your server at specific times.
 *  **--ignore-crawlers**
    
    Ignore crawlers.
 *  **--ignore-panel=<PANEL>**
    
    Ignore parsing/displaying the given panel. List of panels:
    
     *  VISITORS
     *  REQUESTS
     *  REQUESTS\_STATIC
     *  NOT\_FOUND
     *  HOSTS
     *  OS
     *  BROWSERS
     *  VISIT\_TIMES
     *  VIRTUAL\_HOSTS
     *  REFERRERS
     *  REFERRING\_SITES
     *  KEYPHRASES
     *  STATUS\_CODES
     *  REMOTE\_USER
     *  GEO\_LOCATION
 *  **--ignore-referer=<referer>**
    
    Ignore referers from being counted. Wildcards allowed. e.g., `*.domain.com` `ww?.domain.*`
 *  **--ignore-referer-report**
    
    Hide referers from output report only.
 *  **--ignore-statics=<req|panel>**
    
    Ignore static file requests.
    
     *  req = Only ignore request from valid requests
     *  panel = Ignore request from panels.
    
    Note: It will count them towards the total number of requests.
 *  **--ignore-status=<STATUS>**
    
    Ignore parsing and displaying one or multiple status code(s). For multiple status codes, use this option multiple times.
 *  **--keep-last=<ndays>**
    
    Keep the last specified number of days in storage. This will recycle the storage tables. e.g., keep & show only the last 7 days.
 *  **--no-ip-validation**
    
    Disable client IP validation. Useful if IP addresses have been obfuscated before being logged.
    
    Note: The log still needs to contain a placeholder for `%h`, usually it's a resolved IP. e.g. `ord37s19-in-f14.1e100.net.`
 *  **--num-tests=<number>**
    
    Number of lines from the access log to test against the provided log/date/time format. By default, the parser is set to test 10 lines. If set to 0, the parser won't test any lines and will parse the whole access log. If a line matches the given log/date/time format before it reaches `number`, the parser will consider the log to be valid, otherwise GoAccess will return `EXIT_FAILURE` and display the relevant error messages.
 *  **--process-and-exit**
    
    Parse log and exit without outputting data. Useful if we are looking to only add new data to the on-disk database without outputting to a file or a terminal.
 *  **--real-os**
    
    Display real OS names. e.g, Windows XP, Snow Leopard.
 *  **--sort-panel=<PANEL,FIELD,ORDER>**
    
    Sort panel on initial load. Sort options are separated by comma. Options are in the form: PANEL,METRIC,ORDER  
    **Available Metrics**
    
     *  BY\_HITS `Sort by hits`
     *  BY\_VISITORS `Sort by unique visitors`
     *  BY\_DATA `Sort by data`
     *  BY\_BW `Sort by bandwidth`
     *  BY\_AVGTS `Sort by average time served`
     *  BY\_CUMTS `Sort by cumulative time served`
     *  BY\_MAXTS `Sort by maximum time served`
     *  BY\_PROT `Sort by http protocol`
     *  BY\_MTHD `Sort by http method`
    
    **Available orders**
    
     *  ASC
     *  DESC
 *  **--static-file=<extension>**
    
    Add static file extension. e.g.: `.mp3`. Extensions are case sensitive.

GEOLOCATION OPTIONS

GeoIP Legacy

Legacy GeoIP has been discontinued. If your Linux distribution does not ship with the legacy databases, you may still be able to find them through different sources. Make sure to download the .dat files.

Distributed with Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. [https://mailfud.org/geoip-legacy/][https_mailfud.org_geoip-legacy]

# IPv4 Country database:
    # Download the GeoIP.dat.gz
    # gunzip GeoIP.dat.gz
    #
    # IPv4 City database:
    # Download the GeoIPCity.dat.gz
    # gunzip GeoIPCity.dat.gz

*  **-g --std-geoip**
    
    Standard GeoIP database for less memory usage.

GeoIP2

For GeoIP2 databases, you can use DB-IP Lite databases.

DB-IP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. [https://db-ip.com/db/lite.php][https_db-ip.com_db_lite.php]

Or you can download them from MaxMind [https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/][https_dev.maxmind.com_geoip_geoip2_geolite2]

# For GeoIP2 City database:
    # Download the GeoLite2-City.mmdb.gz
    # gunzip GeoLite2-City.mmdb.gz
    #
    # For GeoIP2 Country database:
    # Download the GeoLite2-Country.mmdb.gz
    # gunzip GeoLite2-Country.mmdb.gz

*  **--geoip-database <geocityfile>**
    
    Specify path to GeoIP database file. i.e., GeoLiteCity.dat. File needs to be downloaded from maxmind.com. IPv4 and IPv6 files are supported as well. Note: `--geoip-city-data` is an alias of `--geoip-database`.  
    Note: If using GeoIP2, you will need to download the City/Country database from [MaxMind][] and use the option `--geoip-database` to specify the database. Currently cities are only shown in the hosts panel (per host).

OTHER OPTIONS

*  **-h --help**
    
    The help.
 *  **-V --version**
    
    Display version information and exit.
 *  **-s --storage**
    
    Display current storage method. i.e., B+ Tree, Hash.
 *  **--dcf**
    
    Display the path of the default config file when `-p` is not used.

PERSISTENCE STORAGE OPTIONS

*  **--persist**
    
    Persist parsed data into disk. If database files exist, files will be overwritten. This should be set to the first dataset. See examples below.
 *  **--restore**
    
    Load previously stored data from disk. If reading persisted data only, the database files need to exist. See `--persist` and examples below.
 *  **--db-path <dir>**
    
    Path where the on-disk database files are stored. The default value is the `/tmp` directory.

#### CUSTOM LOG/DATE FORMAT ####

GoAccess can parse virtually any web log format.

Predefined options include, Common Log Format (CLF), Combined Log Format (XLF/ELF), including virtual host, W3C format (IIS) and Amazon CloudFront (Download Distribution).

GoAccess allows any custom format string as well.

There are two ways to configure the log format. The easiest is to run GoAccess with `-c` to prompt a configuration window. However this won't make it permanent, for that you will need to specify the format in the configuration file.

The configuration file resides under: `%sysconfdir%/goaccess.conf` or `~/.goaccessrc`

Note `%sysconfdir%` is either `/etc/`, `/usr/etc/` or `/usr/local/etc/`

**time-format** The time-format variable followed by a space, specifies the log-format time containing any combination of regular characters and special format specifiers. They all begin with a percentage (%) sign. See \`man strftime\`. `%T` or `%H:%M:%S`.

Note: If a timestamp is given in microseconds, `%f` must be used as *time-format*

**date-format** The date-format variable followed by a space, specifies the log-format date containing any combination of regular characters and special format specifiers. They all begin with a percentage (%) sign. See \`man strftime\`.

Note: If a timestamp is given in microseconds, `%f` must be used as *date-format*

**log-format** The log-format variable followed by a space or `\t` for tab-delimited, specifies the log format string.

SPECIFIERS

*  `%x` A date and time field matching the time-format and date-format variables. This is used when a timestamp is given instead of the date and time being in two separate variables.
 *  `%t`time field matching the time-format variable.
 *  `%d`date field matching the date-format variable.
 *  `%v`The server name according to the canonical name setting (Server Blocks or Virtual Host).
 *  `%e`This is the userid of the person requesting the document as determined by HTTP authentication.
 *  `%h`host (the client IP address, either IPv4 or IPv6)
 *  `%r`The request line from the client. This requires specific delimiters around the request (single quotes, double quotes, etc) to be parsable. Otherwise, use a combination of special format specifiers such as `%m`, `%U`, `%q` and `%H` to parse individual fields.
    
     *  Note: Use either `%r` to get the full request **OR** `%m`, `%U`, `%q` and `%H` to form your request, do not use both.
 *  `%m`The request method.
 *  `%U`The URL path requested.
    
     *  Note: If the query string is in `%U`, there is no need to use `%q`. However, if the URL path, does not include any query string, you may use `%q` and the query string will be appended to the request.
 *  `%q`The query string.
 *  `%H`The request protocol.
 *  `%s`The status code that the server sends back to the client.
 *  `%b`The size of the object returned to the client.
 *  `%R`The "Referer" HTTP request header.
 *  `%u`The user-agent HTTP request header.
 *  `%D`The time taken to serve the request, in microseconds.
 *  `%T`The time taken to serve the request, in seconds with milliseconds resolution.
 *  `%L` The time taken to serve the request, in milliseconds as a decimal number.
 *  `%^`Ignore this field.
 *  `%~`Move forward through the log string until a non-space (!isspace) char is found.
 *  `~h`The host (the client IP address, either IPv4 or IPv6) in a X-Forwarded-For (XFF) field.

**Note**  
For XFF, GoAccess uses a special specifier which consists of a tilde before the host specifier, followed by the character(s) that delimit the XFF field, which are enclosed by curly braces (i.e., `~h{,"}`).  
For example, `~h{," }` is used in order to parse `"11.25.11.53, 17.68.33.17"` field which is delimited by a double quote, a comma, and a space.

**Note**  
In order to get the average, cumulative and maximum time served in GoAccess, you will need to start logging response times in your web server. In Nginx you can add `$request_time` to your log format, or `%D` in Apache.

**Important**  
If multiple time served specifiers are used at the same time, the first option specified in the format string will take priority over the other specifiers.

GoAccess **requires** the following fields:

*  a valid IPv4/6 `%h`
 *  a valid date `%d`
 *  the request `%r`

#### INTERACTIVE KEYS ####

*  `F1` or `h`Main help.
 *  `F5`Redraw main window.
 *  `q`Quit the program, current window or collapse active module
 *  `o` or `ENTER`Expand selected module or open window
 *  `0-9` and `Shift + 0`Set selected module to active
 *  `j`Scroll down within expanded module
 *  `k`Scroll up within expanded module
 *  `c`Set or change scheme color
 *  `^ f`Scroll forward one screen within active module
 *  `^ b`Scroll backward one screen within active module
 *  `TAB`Iterate modules (forward)
 *  `SHIFT + TAB`Iterate modules (backward)
 *  `s`Sort options for active module
 *  `/`Search across all modules (regex allowed)
 *  `n`Find position of the next occurrence
 *  `g`Move to the first item or top of screen
 *  `G`move to the last item or bottom of screen

#### EXAMPLES ####

DIFFERENT OUTPUTS

To output to a terminal and generate an interactive report:

# goaccess access.log

To generate an HTML report:

# goaccess access.log -a -o report.html

To generate a JSON report:

# goaccess access.log -a -d -o report.json

To generate a CSV file:

# goaccess access.log --no-csv-summary -o report.csv

GoAccess also allows great flexibility for real-time filtering and parsing. For instance, to quickly diagnose issues by monitoring logs since goaccess was started:

# tail -f access.log | goaccess -

And even better, to filter while maintaining opened a pipe to preserve real-time analysis, we can make use of tail -f and a matching pattern tool such as `grep`, `awk`, `sed`, etc:

# tail -f access.log | grep -i --line-buffered 'firefox' | goaccess --log-format=COMBINED -

or to parse from the beginning of the file while maintaining the pipe opened and applying a filter

# tail -f -n +0 access.log | grep --line-buffered 'Firefox' | goaccess -o out.html --real-time-html -

MULTIPLE LOG FILES

There are several ways to parse multiple logs with GoAccess. The simplest is to pass multiple log files to the command line:

# goaccess access.log access.log.1

It's even possible to parse files from a pipe while reading regular files:

# cat access.log.2 | goaccess access.log access.log.1 -

Note that the single dash is appended to the command line to let GoAccess know that it should read from the pipe.

Now if we want to add more flexibility to GoAccess, we can do a series of pipes. For instance, if we would like to process all compressed log files `access.log.*.gz` in addition to the current log file, we can do:

# zcat access.log.*.gz | goaccess access.log -

Note: On Mac OS X, use `gunzip -c` instead of `zcat`.

REAL TIME HTML OUTPUT

GoAccess has the ability to output real-time data in the HTML report. You can even email the HTML file since it is composed of a single file with no external file dependencies, how neat is that!

The process of generating a real-time HTML report is very similar to the process of creating a static report. Only `--real-time-html` is needed to make it real-time.

# goaccess access.log -o /usr/share/nginx/html/site/report.html --real-time-html

By default, GoAccess will use the host name of the generated report. Optionally, you can specify the URL to which the client's browser will connect to. See [http://goaccess.io/faq][http_goaccess.io_faq] for a more detailed example.

# goaccess access.log -o report.html --real-time-html --ws-url=goaccess.io

By default, GoAccess listens on port 7890, to use a different port other than 7890, you can specify it as (make sure the port is opened):

# goaccess access.log -o report.html --real-time-html --port=9870

And to bind the WebSocket server to a different address other than 0.0.0.0, you can specify it as:

# goaccess access.log -o report.html --real-time-html --addr=127.0.0.1

Note: To output real time data over a TLS/SSL connection, you need to use `--ssl-cert=<cert.crt>` and `--ssl-key=<priv.key>`.

WORKING WITH DATES

Another useful pipe would be filtering dates out of the web log

The following will get all HTTP requests starting on `05/Dec/2010` until the end of the file.

# sed -n '/05\/Dec\/2010/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a -

or using relative dates such as yesterdays or tomorrows day:

# sed -n '/'$(date '+%d\/%b\/%Y' -d '1 week ago')'/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a -

If we want to parse only a certain time-frame from DATE a to DATE b, we can do:

# sed -n '/5\/Nov\/2010/,/5\/Dec\/2010/ p' access.log | goaccess -a -

If we want to preserve only certain amount of data and recycle storage, we can keep only a certain number of days. For instance to keep & show the last 5 days:

# goaccess access.log --keep-last=5

VIRTUAL HOSTS

Assuming your log contains the virtual host field. For instance:

vhost.com:80 10.131.40.139 - - [02/Mar/2016:08:14:04 -0600] "GET /shop/bag-p-20 HTTP/1.1" 200 6715 "-" "Apache (internal dummy connection)"

And you would like to append the virtual host to the request in order to see which virtual host the top urls belong to

awk '$8=$1$8' access.log | goaccess -a -

To exclude a list of virtual hosts you can do the following:

# grep -v "`cat exclude_vhost_list_file`" vhost_access.log | goaccess -

FILES, STATUS CODES & BOTS

To parse specific pages, e.g., page views, html, htm, php, etc. within a request:

# awk '$7~/\.html|\.htm|\.php/' access.log | goaccess -

Or to parse page views with out extesion, e.g., /contact /profile/user

# awk '$7!~/\..*$/' access.log | goaccess -

Note, `$7` is the request field for the **common** and **combined** log format, (without Virtual Host), if your log includes Virtual Host, then you probably want to use `$8` instead. It's best to check which field you are shooting for, e.g.:

# tail -10 access.log | awk '{print $8}'

Or to parse a specific status code, e.g., 500 (Internal Server Error):

# awk '$9~/500/' access.log | goaccess -

Or multiple status codes:

# tail -f -n +0 access.log | awk '$9~/3[0-9]{2}|5[0-9]{2}/' | goaccess -o out.html -

And to get an estimated overview of how many bots (crawlers) are hitting your server:

# tail -F -n +0 access.log | grep -i --line-buffered 'bot' | goaccess -

SERVER

Also, it is worth pointing out that if we want to run GoAccess at lower priority, we can run it as:

# nice -n 19 goaccess access.log -a

and if you don't want to install it on your server, you can still run it from your local machine:

# ssh root@server 'cat /var/log/apache2/access.log' | goaccess -a -

PROCESSING LOGS INCREMENTALLY

GoAccess has the ability to process logs incrementally through its internal storage and dump its data to disk. It works in the following way:

*  A dataset must be persisted first with `--persist`, then the same dataset can be loaded with
 *  `--restore`. If new data is passed (piped or through a log file), it will append it to the original dataset.

**Note**

GoAccess keeps track of inodes of all the files processed (assuming files will stay on the same partition) along with the last line parsed of each file and the timestamp of the last line parsed. e.g., `inode:29627417|line:20012|ts:20171231235059`

If the inode does not match the current file, it parses all lines. If the current file matches the inode, it then reads the remaining lines and updates the count of lines parsed and the timestamp. As an extra precaution, it won't parse log lines with a timestamp ≤ than the one stored.

Piped data works based off the timestamp of the last line read. For instance, it will parse and discard all incoming entries until it finds a timestamp >= than the one stored.

**Important**  
Since piped data works based on a timestamp and there's no way to determine the inode nor the last line parsed, some issues could arise. For instance, a piped log could have multiple consecutive lines with the same timestamp (even at the second level), so it's likely to end up with duplicates entries. However, as a best practice and a reasonable assumption is that in most cases, for incremental log processing, users will parse data directly with goaccess instead of piping it through.

**Important**  
Previous Tokyo Cabinet database files are not compatible with the new database files. You will need to parse your logs from scratch.

Examples

// last month access log
    # goaccess access.log.1 --persist

then, load it with

// append this month access log, and preserve new data
    # goaccess access.log --restore --persist

To read persisted data only (without parsing new data)

# goaccess --restore

#### NOTES ####

Each active panel has a total of 366 items or 50 in the real-time HTML report. The number of items is customizable using max-items However, only the CSV and JSON output allow a maximum number greater than the default value of 366 items per panel.

A hit is a request (line in the access log), e.g., 10 requests = 10 hits. HTTP requests with the same IP, date, and user agent are considered a unique visit.

BUGS

If you think you have found a bug, please send me an email to

AUTHOR

[Gerardo Orellana][]. For more details about it, or new releases, please visit http://goaccess.io

[config_browsers.list]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/allinurl/goaccess/master/config/browsers.list
[https_mailfud.org_geoip-legacy]: https://mailfud.org/geoip-legacy/
[https_db-ip.com_db_lite.php]: https://db-ip.com/db/lite.php
[https_dev.maxmind.com_geoip_geoip2_geolite2]: https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/
[MaxMind]: http://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/
[http_goaccess.io_faq]: http://goaccess.io/faq
[Gerardo Orellana]: https://github.com/allinurl