SpringCloud Alibaba篇 - Seata【分布式事务】

逃离我推掉我的手 2023-10-03 11:03 50阅读 0赞

## ⑤ Seata【分布式事务】 ##

### 5.1 分布式事务的由来 ###

**实例**

> 单体应用被拆分成微服务应用，原来的三个模块被拆分成三个独立的应用,分别使用三个独立的数据源,  
> 业务操作需要调用三个服务来完成。此时每个服务内部的数据一致性由本地事务来保证， 但是**全局的数据一致性问题**没法保证。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

**总结**：**一次业务操作需要跨多个数据源或需要跨多个系统进行远程调用,就会产生分布式事务问题**。

### 5.2 Seata简介 ###

> Seata是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于在微服务架构下提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务.
> 
> 官网：http://seata.io/zh-cn/

**分布式处理事务过程的 ID+三组件模型**

*  **Transaction ID XID - 全局唯一的事务ID**
 *  **TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者**
    
    维护全局和分支事务的状态，驱动全局事务提交或回滚。
 *  **TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器**
    
    定义全局事务的范围：开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。
 *  **RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器**
    
    管理分支事务处理的资源，与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态，并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。

**图解**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

> 1.  TM向TC申请开启一个全局事务,全局事务创建成功并生成一个全局唯一 的XID;
> 2.  XID 在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播;
> 3.  RM向TC注册分支事务,将其纳入XID对应全局事务的管辖;
> 4.  TM向TC发起针对XID的全局提交或回滚决议;
> 5.  TC调度XID下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求。

**Seata的简单使用(怎么玩)**

> 在spring的时候是通过注解@Transactional 管理本地事务

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

### 5.3 Seata-server的下载与安装 ###

下载地址： https://github.com/seata/seata/releases

*  先从官网中下载好Seata-server并解压到文件夹
 *  先备份file.conf,然后修改file.conf
    
     *  修改service模块，**1.0以后没有这个选项，就默认是my\_test\_tx\_group分组**
    
        vgroup_mapping.my_test_tx_group = "fsp_tx_group"
    
     *  修改store模块
    
        store {
          ## store mode: file、db
          mode = "db"
          ...
          ## database store
          db {
            ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
            datasource = "dbcp"
            ## mysql/oracle/h2/oceanbase etc.
            db-type = "mysql"
            driver-class-name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
            url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata"
            user = "root"
            password = "cvzhanshi"
            min-conn = 1
            max-conn = 3
            global.table = "global_table"
            branch.table = "branch_table"
            lock-table = "lock_table"
            query-limit = 100
          }
        }
 *  备份file.example.conf,然后修改file.example.conf,修改内容和file.conf一样
 *  备份registry.conf，修改文件

> 设置注册进nacos中

type = "nacos"
    
    nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost:8848"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
    }

*  创建数据库和表

#创建seata数据库
    create database seata character set utf8;
    use seata;
    
    #创建seata数据库需要的表（三张表）
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
    (
        `xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
        `transaction_id`            BIGINT,
        `status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,
        `application_id`            VARCHAR(32),
        `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
        `transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),
        `timeout`                   INT,
        `begin_time`                BIGINT,
        `application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),
        `gmt_create`                DATETIME,
        `gmt_modified`              DATETIME,
        PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
        KEY `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`),
        KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
    ) ENGINE = InnoDB
      DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
    (
        `branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,
        `xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
        `transaction_id`    BIGINT,
        `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
        `resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),
        `branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),
        `status`            TINYINT,
        `client_id`         VARCHAR(64),
        `application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),
        `gmt_create`        DATETIME(6),
        `gmt_modified`      DATETIME(6),
        PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
        KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
    ) ENGINE = InnoDB
      DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
    (
        `row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
        `xid`            VARCHAR(96),
        `transaction_id` BIGINT,
        `branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,
        `resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),
        `table_name`     VARCHAR(32),
        `pk`             VARCHAR(36),
        `gmt_create`     DATETIME,
        `gmt_modified`   DATETIME,
        PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
        KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`)
    ) ENGINE = InnoDB
      DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

*  启动nacos和seata测试

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]

![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003136883.png_pic_center]

> seate在nacos中注册成功，说明安装完成

### 5.4 订单/库存/账户业务数据库准备 ###

> **业务说明**：
> 
> 这里我们会创建三个服务,一个订单服务, 一个库存服务, 一个账户服务。
> 
> 当用户下单时，会在订单服务中创建一个订单 ，然后通过远程调用库存服务来扣减下单商品的库存,  
> 再通过远程调用账户服务来扣减用户账户里面的余额,最后在订单服务中修改订单状态为已完成。
> 
> 该操作跨越三三个数据库,有两次远程调用，很明显会有分布式事务问题。

*  创建三个数据库

create database seata_order; --订单
    create database seata_storage; --库存
    create database seata_account; --账户

*  在每个库下建表

**seata\_order**库

CREATE TABLE t_order(
        `id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
        `user_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
        `product_id` BIGINT(11)DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
        `count` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数量',
        `money` DECIMAL(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '金额',
        `status` INT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单状态: 0:创建中; 1:已完结'
    )ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    select * from t_order;
    
    --回滚日志
    CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
      `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
      `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
      `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
      `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
      `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
      `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
      `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

**seata\_storage**库

CREATE TABLE t_storage(
    `id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    `product_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
    `total` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总库存',
    `used` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用库存',
    `residue` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余库存'
    )ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    INSERT INTO t_storage(`id`,`product_id`,`total`,`used`,`residue`)VALUES('1','1','100','0','100');
    
    --回滚日志
    CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
      `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
      `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
      `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
      `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
      `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
      `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
      `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

**seata\_account**库

CREATE TABLE t_account(
    `id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT 'id',
    `user_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
    `total` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总额度',
    `used` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用余额',
    `residue` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '剩余可用额度'
    )ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    INSERT INTO t_account(`id`,`user_id`,`total`,`used`,`residue`)VALUES('1','1','1000','0','1000');
    
    --回滚日志
    CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
      `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
      `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
      `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
      `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
      `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
      `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
      `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

结果：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

### 5.5 订单/库存/账户业务微服务准备 ###

> **业务需求**：下订单->减库存->扣余额->改(订单)状态

#### 5.5.1 订单模块 ####

*  新建模块seata-order-service2001
 *  导入依赖

<dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                    <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                    <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

*  编写配置文件

server:
      port: 2001
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: seata-order-service
      cloud:
        alibaba:
          seata:
            # 自定义事务组名称需要与seata-server中的对应
            tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group #因为seata的file.conf文件中没有service模块，事务组名默认为my_test_tx_group
            #service要与tx-service-group对齐，vgroupMapping和grouplist在service的下一级，my_test_tx_group在再下一级
            service:
              vgroupMapping:
                #要和tx-service-group的值一致
                my_test_tx_group: default
              grouplist:
                # seata seaver的 地址配置，此处可以集群配置是个数组
                default: 192.168.1.104:8091
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848  #nacos
      datasource:
        # 当前数据源操作类型
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
        # mysql驱动类
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_order
        username: root
        password: lian0911
    feign:
      hystrix:
        enabled: false
    logging:
      level:
        io:
          seata: info
    
    mybatis:
      mapperLocations: classpath*:mapper/*.xml

*  编写 file.conf 文件

> 内容在解压的seata中从conf中的README.md中有链接

transport {
      # tcp, unix-domain-socket
      type = "TCP"
      #NIO, NATIVE
      server = "NIO"
      #enable heartbeat
      heartbeat = true
      # the client batch send request enable
      enableClientBatchSendRequest = true
      #thread factory for netty
      threadFactory {
        bossThreadPrefix = "NettyBoss"
        workerThreadPrefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
        serverExecutorThread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
        shareBossWorker = false
        clientSelectorThreadPrefix = "NettyClientSelector"
        clientSelectorThreadSize = 1
        clientWorkerThreadPrefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
        # netty boss thread size
        bossThreadSize = 1
        #auto default pin or 8
        workerThreadSize = "default"
      }
      shutdown {
        # when destroy server, wait seconds
        wait = 3
      }
      serialization = "seata"
      compressor = "none"
    }
    service {
      #transaction service group mapping
      vgroupMapping.my_test_tx_group = "default"
      #only support when registry.type=file, please don't set multiple addresses
      default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
      #degrade, current not support
      enableDegrade = false
      #disable seata
      disableGlobalTransaction = false
    }
    
    client {
      rm {
        asyncCommitBufferLimit = 10000
        lock {
          retryInterval = 10
          retryTimes = 30
          retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict = true
        }
        reportRetryCount = 5
        tableMetaCheckEnable = false
        tableMetaCheckerInterval = 60000
        reportSuccessEnable = false
        sagaBranchRegisterEnable = false
        sagaJsonParser = jackson
        sagaRetryPersistModeUpdate = false
        sagaCompensatePersistModeUpdate = false
        tccActionInterceptorOrder = -2147482648 #Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1000
      }
      tm {
        commitRetryCount = 5
        rollbackRetryCount = 5
        defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout = 60000
        degradeCheck = false
        degradeCheckPeriod = 2000
        degradeCheckAllowTimes = 10
        interceptorOrder = -2147482648 #Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1000
      }
      undo {
        dataValidation = true
        onlyCareUpdateColumns = true
        logSerialization = "jackson"
        logTable = "undo_log"
        compress {
          enable = true
          # allow zip, gzip, deflater, 7z, lz4, bzip2, default is zip
          type = zip
          # if rollback info size > threshold, then will be compress
          # allow k m g t
          threshold = 64k
        }
      }
      loadBalance {
          type = "RandomLoadBalance"
          virtualNodes = 10
      }
    }
    log {
      exceptionRate = 100
    }

*  编写 registry.conf

> 内容和file.conf一样查找

registry {
      # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa、custom
      type = "nacos"
    
      nacos {
        application = "seata-server"
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
        group = "SEATA_GROUP"
        namespace = ""
        username = ""
        password = ""
      }
      eureka {
        serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
        weight = "1"
      }
      redis {
        serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
        db = "0"
        password = ""
        timeout = "0"
      }
      zk {
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
        sessionTimeout = 6000
        connectTimeout = 2000
        username = ""
        password = ""
      }
      consul {
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
        aclToken = ""
      }
      etcd3 {
        serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
      }
      sofa {
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
        region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
        datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
        group = "SEATA_GROUP"
        addressWaitTime = "3000"
      }
      file {
        name = "file.conf"
      }
      custom {
        name = ""
      }
    }
    
    config {
      # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3、springCloudConfig、custom
      type = "file"
    
      nacos {
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
        namespace = ""
        group = "SEATA_GROUP"
        username = ""
        password = ""
        dataId = "seata.properties"
      }
      consul {
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
        aclToken = ""
      }
      apollo {
        appId = "seata-server"
        apolloMeta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
        namespace = "application"
        apolloAccesskeySecret = ""
      }
      zk {
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
        sessionTimeout = 6000
        connectTimeout = 2000
        username = ""
        password = ""
        nodePath = "/seata/seata.properties"
      }
      etcd3 {
        serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
      }
      file {
        name = "file.conf"
      }
      custom {
        name = ""
      }
    }

*  domain包实体类编写

Order

@Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class Order {
        
    
        private Long id;
    
        private Long userId;
    
        private Long productId;
    
        private Integer count;
    
        private BigDecimal money;
    
        private Integer status; // 订单状态 0：创建中 1：已完结
    }

CommonResult

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 21:30
     */
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class CommonResult<T> {
        
        private Integer code;
        private String message;
        private T data;
    
        public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
        
            this(code, message, null);
        }
    }

*  dao层的编写

OrderDao

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 21:33
     */
    @Mapper
    @Repository
    public interface OrderDao {
        
        //1 新建订单
        void create(Order order);
    
        //2 修改订单状态,从0改为1
        void update(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("status") Integer status);
    }

对应的映射文件classpath:mapper/OrderMapper.xml

<mapper namespace="cn.cvzhanshi.springcloud.alibaba.dao.OrderDao">
    
        <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="cn.cvzhanshi.springcloud.alibaba.domain.Order">
            <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT" />
            <result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT" />
            <result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT" />
            <result column="count" property="count" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
            <result column="money" property="money" jdbcType="DECIMAL" />
            <result column="status" property="status" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
        </resultMap>
    
        <insert id="create" parameterType="cn.cvzhanshi.springcloud.alibaba.domain.Order"
                useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
            insert into t_order(`user_id`, `product_id`, `count`, `money`, `status`)
            values(#{userId}, #{productId}, #{count}, #{money}, 0);
        </insert>
        <update id="update" parameterType="cn.cvzhanshi.springcloud.alibaba.domain.Order">
            update t_order set `status` = 1
            where `user_id` = #{userId} and `status` = #{status};
        </update>
    </mapper>

*  service层的编写

AccountService

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 21:57
     */
    @Service
    @FeignClient(value = "seata-account-service")
    public interface AccountService {
        
    
        @PostMapping(value = "/account/decrease")
        CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money);
    }

StorageService

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 21:56
     */
    @Service
    @FeignClient(value = "seata-storage-service")
    public interface StorageService {
        
        //减库存
        @PostMapping(value = "/storage/decrease")
        CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
    }

OrderService

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 21:57
     */
    public interface OrderService {
        
        void create(Order order);
    }

OrderServiceImpl

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 22:04
     */
    @Slf4j
    @Service
    public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private OrderDao orderDao;
    
        @Autowired
        private AccountService accountService;
    
        @Autowired
        private StorageService storageService;
    
        @Override
        public void create(Order order) {
        
    
            //1. 新建订单
            log.info("-------> 开始新建订单");
            orderDao.create(order);
    
            //2. 扣减库存
            log.info("-------> 订单微服务开始调用库存，做扣减count");
            storageService.decrease(order.getProductId(), order.getCount());
            log.info("-------> 订单微服务开始调用库存，做扣减完成");
    
            //3. 扣减账号余额
            log.info("-------> 订单微服务开始调用账号，做扣减money");
            accountService.decrease(order.getUserId(), order.getMoney());
            log.info("-------> 订单微服务开始调用账号，做扣减完成");
    
            //4、修改状态
            log.info("-------> 修改订单状态");
            orderDao.update(order.getUserId(), 0);
            log.info("-------> 修改订单状态完成");
    
            log.info("-------> 新建订单完成");
        }
    }

*  controller层的编写

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 22:56
     */
    @RestController
    public class OrderController {
        
        @Autowired
        private OrderService orderService;
    
        @GetMapping("/order/create")
        public CommonResult create(Order order){
        
            orderService.create(order);
            return new CommonResult(200, "订单创建成功!");
        }
    }

*  config配置类的编写

MybatisConfig

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 22:58
     */
    @MapperScan("cn.cvzhanshi.springcloud.alibaba.dao")
    @Configuration
    public class MybatisConfig {
        
    }

DataSourceProxyConfig

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 22:58
     */
    //使用Seata对数据源进行代理
    @Configuration
    public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
        
    
        @Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
        private String mapperLocations;
    
        @Bean
        @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
        public DataSource druidDataSource() {
        
            return new DruidDataSource();
        }
    
        @Bean
        public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource druidDataSource) {
        
            return new DataSourceProxy(druidDataSource);
        }
    
        @Bean
        public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        
            SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
            bean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
            ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
            bean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources(mapperLocations));
            return bean.getObject();
        }
    }

*  主启动类

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-12 23:02
     */
    @SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class) //取消数据源的自动创建
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class SeataOrderMain2001 {
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            SpringApplication.run(SeataOrderMain2001.class,args);
        }
    }

**启动测试**

*  出现错误

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

*  出错原因

> seata 版本问题， spring-cloud-alibaba 依赖下的seata-spring-boot-starter 版本是1.1.0，而我用的seata是 1.2.0 版本 。  
> 1.2.0 版本SeataAutoConfiguration.class 没有seataDataSourceBeanPostProcessor bean ,而是用SeataAutoDataSourceProxyCreator代替

*  解决方法

> 去掉spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata 下seata-spring-boot-starter 依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.0</version>
    </dependency>

*  问题解决，继续测试

![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003410511.png_pic_center]

#### 5.5.2 库存模块 ####

*  新建模块seata-storage-service2002
 *  导入依赖和2001一样直接拷贝
 *  编写配置文件

server:
      port: 2002
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: seata-storage-service
      cloud:
        alibaba:
          seata:
            # 自定义事务组名称需要与seata-server中的对应
            tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group #因为seata的file.conf文件中没有service模块，事务组名默认为my_test_tx_group
            #service要与tx-service-group对齐，vgroupMapping和grouplist在service的下一级，my_test_tx_group在再下一级
            service:
              vgroupMapping:
                #要和tx-service-group的值一致
                my_test_tx_group: default
              grouplist:
                # seata seaver的 地址配置，此处可以集群配置是个数组
                default: 192.168.1.104:8091
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848  #nacos
      datasource:
        # 当前数据源操作类型
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
        # mysql驱动类
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_storage
        username: root
        password: lian0911
    feign:
      hystrix:
        enabled: false
    logging:
      level:
        io:
          seata: info
    
    mybatis:
      mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

*  file.conf 和registry.conf 与2001一样，直接拷贝
 *  domain层实体类

CommonResult

@Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class CommonResult<T> {
        
        private Integer code;
        private String message;
        private T data;
    
        public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
        
            this(code, message, null);
        }
    }

Storage

@Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class Storage {
        
        private Long id;
        //产品id
        private Long productId;
        //总库存
        private Integer total;
        //已用库存
        private Integer used;
        //剩余库存
        private Integer residue;
    }

*  dao层的编写

StorageDao

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-13 0:17
     */
    @Mapper
    @Repository
    public interface StorageDao {
        
        void decrease(@Param("productId") Long productId, @Param("count") Integer count);
    }

对应的映射文件classpath:mapper/StorageMapper.xml

<mapper namespace="com.angenin.springcloud.dao.StorageDao">
    
        <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.angenin.springcloud.domain.Storage">
            <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
            <result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
            <result column="total" property="total" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
            <result column="used" property="used" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
            <result column="residue" property="residue" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        </resultMap>
    
        <update id="decrease">
            update t_storage
            set used = used + #{count}, residue = residue - #{count}
            where product_id= #{productId};
        </update>
    </mapper>

*  service层的编写

StorageService

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-13 0:22
     */
    public interface StorageService {
        
        /**
         * 扣减库存
         * @param productId
         * @param count
         */
        void decrease(Long productId, Integer count);
    }

StorageServiceImpl

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-13 0:23
     */
    @Service
    public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {
        
    
        private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StorageServiceImpl.class);
    
        @Resource
        private StorageDao storageDao;
    
        @Override
        public void decrease(Long productId, Integer count) {
        
            LOGGER.info("----> StorageService中扣减库存");
            storageDao.decrease(productId, count);
            LOGGER.info("----> StorageService中扣减库存完成");
        }
    }

*  controller层的编写

StorageController

@RestController
    public class StorageController {
        
    
        @Resource
        private StorageService storageService;
    
    	@RequestMapping("/storage/decrease")
    	public CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count){
        
            storageService.decrease(productId, count);
            return new CommonResult(200, "扣减库存成功!");
        }
    
    }

*  配置类 MyBatisConfig 和 DataSourceProxyConfig 与2001一样，直接copy
 *  主启动类

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-13 0:29
     */
    @SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
    @EnableFeignClients
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class SeataStorageMain2002 {
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            SpringApplication.run(SeataStorageMain2002.class,args);
        }
    }

*  启动测试

![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003438370.png_pic_center]

#### 5.5.3 账户模块 ####

*  新建模块seata-account-service2003
 *  导入依赖和2001一样直接拷贝
 *  编写配置文件

server:
      port: 2003
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: seata-account-service
      cloud:
        alibaba:
          seata:
            # 自定义事务组名称需要与seata-server中的对应
            tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group #因为seata的file.conf文件中没有service模块，事务组名默认为my_test_tx_group
            #service要与tx-service-group对齐，vgroupMapping和grouplist在service的下一级，my_test_tx_group在再下一级
            service:
              vgroupMapping:
                #要和tx-service-group的值一致
                my_test_tx_group: default
              grouplist:
                # seata seaver的 地址配置，此处可以集群配置是个数组
                default: 192.168.1.104:8091
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848  #nacos
      datasource:
        # 当前数据源操作类型
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
        # mysql驱动类
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_account
        username: root
        password: lian0911
    feign:
      hystrix:
        enabled: false
    logging:
      level:
        io:
          seata: info
    
    mybatis:
      mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

*  file.conf 和registry.conf 与2001一样，直接拷贝
 *  domain层实体类

CommonResult

Account

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-13 0:37
     */
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class Account {
        
        private Long id;
    
        /**
         * 用户id
         */
        private Long userId;
    
        /**
         * 总额度
         */
        private Integer total;
    
        /**
         * 已用额度
         */
        private Integer used;
    
        /**
         * 剩余额度
         */
        private Integer residue;
    }

*  dao 层的编写

AccountDao

@Mapper
    @Repository
    public interface AccountDao {
        
        void decrease(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("money") BigDecimal money);
    }

对应的映射文件classpath:mapper/ AccountMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="cn.cvzhanshi.springcloud.alibaba.dao.AccountDao">
    
        <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="cn.cvzhanshi.springcloud.alibaba.domain.Account">
            <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
            <result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
            <result column="total" property="total" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
            <result column="used" property="used" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
            <result column="residue" property="residue" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
        </resultMap>
    
        <update id="decrease">
            update t_account
            set used = used + #{money}, residue = residue - #{money}
            where user_id = #{userId};
        </update>
    </mapper>

*  service层的编写

AccountService

public interface AccountService {
        
        void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money);
    }

AccountServiceImpl

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-13 0:43
     */
    @Service
    public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
        
    
        private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AccountServiceImpl.class);
    
        @Resource
        private AccountDao accountDao;
    
        @Override
        public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
        
            LOGGER.info("---> AccountService中扣减账户余额");
            accountDao.decrease(userId, money);
            LOGGER.info("---> AccountService中扣减账户余额完成");
        }
    }

*  controller层的编写

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-13 0:44
     */
    @RestController
    public class AccountController {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private AccountService accountService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/account/decrease")
        public CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money){
        
            accountService.decrease(userId, money);
            return new CommonResult(200, "扣减库存成功!");
        }
    
    }

*  主启动类

/**
     * @author cVzhanshi
     * @create 2021-07-13 0:46
     */
    @SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
    @EnableFeignClients
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class SeataAccountMain2003 {
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        
            SpringApplication.run(SeataAccountMain2003.class,args);
        }
    }

*  启动测试

![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003515658.png_pic_center]

**环境准备完毕**

--------------------

#### 5.5.4 Test ####

*  **正常下单**

>  *  启动nacos、seata、2001、2002、2003
>  *  访问 http://localhost:2001/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=10
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003611588.png_pic_center]
> 
>  *  查看数据库中的数据变化
> 
> order表
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][2021071500363712.png_pic_center]
> 
> account表
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003706416.png_pic_center]
> 
> storage表
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][2021071500372811.png_pic_center]
> 
> 输入日志
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

*  **超时异常**

>  *  停止2003
>  *  在2003的AccountServiceImpl里的decrease中添加异常代码
> 
>     @Override
>     public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
>          
>      LOGGER.info("---> AccountService中扣减账户余额");
>      //模拟超时异常，暂停20秒
>      try {
>          
>          TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(20);
>      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
>          
>          e.printStackTrace();
>      }
>      accountDao.decrease(userId, money);
>      LOGGER.info("---> AccountService中扣减账户余额完成");
>     }
> 
>  *  重新启动2003
>  *  继续访问`http://localhost:2001/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=10`
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]
> 
>  *  查看数据库
> 
> storage表  
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003936729.png_pic_center]
> 
> account表
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003954477.png_pic_center]
> 
> order表
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20210715003851494.png_pic_center]
> 
> **故障原因**：当库存和账户金额扣减后,订单状态并没有设置为已经完成，没有从零改为1  
> 而且由于feign的重试机制，账户余额还有可能被多次扣减

*  **超市异常，添加 @GlobalTransactional 注解**

>  *  停止2001
>  *  在2001的OderServiceImpl里的create方法上加上 @GlobalTransactional
> 
>     @Override
>     //name随便命名，只要不重复即可
>     //rollbackFor = Exception.class表示出现所有异常都回滚
>     //rollbackFor表示哪些需要回滚
>     //noRollbackFor表示哪些不需要回滚
>     @GlobalTransactional(name = "test-create-order", rollbackFor = Exception.class)
>     public void create(Order order) {
>          }
> 
>  *  重启2001。
>  *  刷新页面`http://localhost:2001/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=10`
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]
> 
>  *  查看数据库
> 
> order表
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][2021071500402755.png_pic_center]
> 
> account表
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20210715004059106.png_pic_center]
> 
> storage表
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][20210715004116591.png_pic_center]
> 
> order表没有插入，相应的账户表和库存表都没有改变，回滚成功

### 5.6 Seata的再理解 ###

#### 5.6.1 图解TC/TM/RM三组件 ####

*  **官方图解**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]

*  **自身理解**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]

#### 5.6.2 分布式事务的执行流程 ####

*  TM开启分布式事务(TM 向TC注册全局事务记录) ;
 *  按业务场景，编排数据库、服务等事务内资源(RM向TC汇报资源准备状态) ;
 *  TM结束分布式事务，事务一阶段结束(TM通知TC提交/回滚分布式事务) ;
 *  TC汇总事务信息，决定分布式事务是提交还是回滚;
 *  TC通知所有RM提交/回滚资源，事务二阶段结束。

--------------------

**模式分类**

*  **AT 模式**
    
    提供无侵入自动补偿的事务模式，目前已支持 MySQL、 Oracle 、PostgreSQL和 TiDB的AT模式，H2 开发中
 *  **TCC 模式**
    
    支持 TCC 模式并可与 AT 混用，灵活度更高
 *  **SAGA 模式**
    
    为长事务提供有效的解决方案

--------------------

**AT模式详解**

**整体机制** 两阶段提交协议的演变：

*  一阶段：业务数据和回滚日志记录在同一个本地事务中提交，释放本地锁和连接资源。

> 在一阶段, Seata 会拦截“业务SQL”,  
> 1、解析SQL语义,找到“业务SQL"要更新的业务数据,在业务数据被更新前,将其保存成"before image”,  
> 2、执行“业务SQL"更新业务数据，在业务数据更新之后,  
> 3、其保存成"after image” ,最后生成行锁。  
> 以上操作全部在一个数据库事务内完成，这样保证了一阶段操作的原子性。
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 11]

*  二阶段：
    
     *  提交异步化，非常快速地完成。
    
    > 二阶段如是顺利提交的话,  
    > 因为“业务SQL"在一阶段已经提交至数据库,所以Seata框架**只需将一阶段保存的快照数据和行锁删掉， 完成数据清理即可。**
    > 
    > ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 12]
    
     *  回滚通过一阶段的回滚日志进行反向补偿
    
    > 二阶段回滚: .  
    > 二阶段如果是回滚的话, Seata就需要回滚一阶段已经执行的“业务SQL" ,还原业务数据。  
    > 回滚方式便是用"before image"还原业务数据;但在还原前要首先要校验脏写,对比”数据库当前业务数据”和"after image”,如果两份数据完全一致就说明没有脏写， 可以还原业务数据，如果不一致就说明有脏写，出现脏写就需要转人工处理。
    > 
    > ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 13]

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**简略流程图**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NDA4Mzkw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 14]

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