分布式请求链路跟踪(SpringCloud Sleuth + zipkin)

比眉伴天荒 2023-10-01 12:34 59阅读 0赞

### 前言 ###

*  在微服务框架中，一个由客户端发起的请求在后端系统中会经过多个不同的的服务节点调用来协同产生最后的请求结果，每一个前段请求都会形成一条复杂的分布式服务调用链路，链路中的任何一环出现高延时或错误都会引起整个请求最后的失败。
 *  Spring Cloud Sleuth提供了一套完整的服务跟踪的解决方案，在分布式系统中提供追踪解决方案并且兼容支持了zipkin![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]
 *  SpringCloud从F版起已不需要自己构建Zipkin Server了，只需调用jar包即可  
    下载地址：[https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/io/zipkin/zipkin-server/][https_repo1.maven.org_maven2_io_zipkin_zipkin-server]  
    以下载zipkin-server-2.14.1-exec.jar为例

运行：java -jar zipkin-server-2.14.1-exec.jar  
访问 [http://localhost:9411/zipkin/][http_localhost_9411_zipkin]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 2]

一条链路通过Trace Id唯一标识，Span标识发起的请求信息，各span通过parent id 关联起来  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 3]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 5]

## 使用： ##

### 1. 新建服务提供者 cloud-provider-payment8001 ###

<dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.10</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

yml

server:
      port: 8001
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: cloud-payment-service
      zipkin:
        base-url: http://localhost:9411
      sleuth:
        sampler:
          #采样率值介于 0 到 1 之间，1 则表示全部采集
         probability: 1
      datasource:
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
        driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2022?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
        username: root
        password: 123456
    
    eureka:
      client:
        #表示是否将自己注册进EurekaServer默认为true。
        register-with-eureka: true
        #是否从EurekaServer抓取已有的注册信息，默认为true。单节点无所谓，集群必须设置为true才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
        fetchRegistry: true
        service-url:
          #defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka  # 集群版
          defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka  # 单机版
      instance:
        instance-id: payment8001
        #访问路径可以显示IP地址
        prefer-ip-address: true
        #Eureka客户端向服务端发送心跳的时间间隔，单位为秒(默认是30秒)
        lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 1
        #Eureka服务端在收到最后一次心跳后等待时间上限，单位为秒(默认是90秒)，超时将剔除服务
        lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 2
    
    
    mybatis:
      mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
      type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities    # 所有Entity别名类所在包

控制器：

@GetMapping("/payment/zipkin")
    public String paymentZipkin()
    {
        
        return "hi ,i'am paymentzipkin server fall back，welcome to atguigu，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~";
    }

### 2. 消费者 cloud-consumer-order80 ###

<dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

yml

server:
      port: 80
    
    spring:
        application:
            name: cloud-order-service
        zipkin:
          base-url: http://localhost:9411
        sleuth:
          sampler:
            probability: 1
    
    eureka:
      client:
        #表示是否将自己注册进EurekaServer默认为true。
        register-with-eureka: true
        #是否从EurekaServer抓取已有的注册信息，默认为true。单节点无所谓，集群必须设置为true才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
        fetchRegistry: true
        service-url:
          #defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
          defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

控制器

@RestController
    public class OrderController {
        
    
        @Resource
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
        // ====================> zipkin+sleuth
        @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/zipkin")
        public String paymentZipkin()
        {
        
            String result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8001"+"/payment/zipkin/", String.class);
            return result;
        }
    }

Configuration

@Configuration
    public class ApplicationContextConfig {
        
    
        @Bean
    //    @LoadBalanced  // 使用 @LoadBalanced注解赋予RestTemplate负载均衡的能力
        public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

### 3. 依次启动注册中心/8001/80，访问80调用8001几次 ###

### 4. 打开浏览器访问：http://localhost:9411 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 6]  
查看依赖关系  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 7]

[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/78835f5f669b4314824abf5f7eb257b6.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[https_repo1.maven.org_maven2_io_zipkin_zipkin-server]: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/io/zipkin/zipkin-server/
[http_localhost_9411_zipkin]: http://localhost:9411/zipkin/
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b3ea4ec68bf44ac5a7e0477235c7db46.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/22d7f01414f2494b89010046ff864a3f.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cefef14369bc4c7aaf5b3999483eae0d.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2de0743cf1ac4519aa5ef6ce2ae92266.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/dc2e162050f54cf8929027f33135940a.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b53de86737804f90a1883b21647d7674.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16
[watermark_type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/23a60b02265841bbbd85d0c2705c1e51.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Li05rG-56CB5Yac,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16