手把手教你搭建阿里云JavaWeb开发环境

古城微笑少年丶 2023-07-22 03:44 27阅读 0赞

> 平时都是使用"印象笔记"随手写一些笔记之类的东西，久而久之就导致记录的内容会有重复，相同的东西可能被记录了多次，东一块西一块的，内容过于分散且不够精简。正好最近在整理"印象笔记"中的内容，借此机会把一些整理好的内容发布出来供大家参考，自己也顺便回顾一下，全当是复习了。

### 一、安装JDK ###

*  在Linux上创建目录：/usr/local/java

cd  /usr/local
    mkdir  java

*  下载linux版本的java,通过FileZilla上传到/usr/local/java目录下

FileZilla下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1n0HAzW2FWCRZ7inDfWESVg  提取码：v12u
    JDK地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1xMb_1LcrD81fvGdtMQKW-w  提取码：sbiu

*  解压

tar -zxvf  jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz

*  配置环境变量

执行命令:
    vi  /etc/profile
    
    在文件末尾添加：
    # Environment Variable
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_241
    export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
    export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

*  让配置生效

source  /etc/profile

*  验证是否安装成功

java  -version

--------------------

##### 如果出现类似错误 #####

> \-bash: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0\_144/bin/java: /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: 没有那个文件或目录

*  可能是版本下载错误，你的系统可能是64位，结果你下载安装了一个32位的JDK
 *  可以通过执行命令：sudo yum install glibc.i686 来解决；或者重新下载一个正确版本的JDK重新解压安装。

### 二、安装Tomcat8.5 ###

*  切换目录

cd  /usr/local

*  下载tomcat压缩包，并上传到该目录

tomcat 8.5下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1O11OT4iprZn2DPJVl5z6Rw
    提取码：fwe7

*  解压tomcat压缩包

tar -zxvf  apache-tomcat-8.5.53.tar.gz

*  修改文件夹名称

mv apache-tomcat-8.5.53 tomcat

*  启动tomcat

[root@tony webapps]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin
    [root@tony bin]# ./startup.sh

### 三、安装Nginx ###

*  安装准备

yum install gcc-c++  
     yum install pcre pcre-devel  
     yum install zlib zlib-devel  
     yum install openssl openssl--devel

*  安装Nginx

安装之前，最好检查一下是否已经安装有nginx
    find -name nginx  
    如果系统已经安装了nginx，那么就先卸载
    yum remove nginx  
    然后开始安装
    首先进入/usr/local目录cd /usr/local 
    从官网下载最新版的nginx
    wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz

*  解压nginx压缩包

tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz

cd  nginx-1.12.1

*  安装nginx

// 使用默认配置
    ./configure
    
    make
    make install

*  顺利完成后，检查安装目录

whereis nginx

*  启动和停止nginx

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
    ./nginx 
    ./nginx -s stop
    ./nginx -s quit
    ./nginx -s reload
    ./nginx -s quit: 此方式停止步骤是待nginx进程处理任务完毕进行停止。
    ./nginx -s stop: 此方式相当于先查出nginx进程id再使用kill命令强制杀掉进程。

*  查询nginx进程

ps aux | grep nginx

*  先停止再启动（推荐）：对 nginx 进行重启相当于先停止再启动，即先执行停止命令再执行启动命令。如下：

./nginx -s quit
    ./nginx

*  当 nginx 的配置文件 nginx.conf 修改后，要想让配置生效需要重启 nginx，使用 -s reload 不用先停止 nginx 再启动 nginx 即可将配置信息在 nginx 中生效，如下：

./nginx -s reload

*  开机自启动

vi /etc/rc.local
    
    追加一行
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

### 四、安装Redis ###

*  切换目录

cd /usr/local

*  下载redis压缩包

wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.2.tar.gz

*  使用默认配置

[root@tony utils]# ./install_server.sh
    Welcome to the redis service installer
    This script will help you easily set up a running redis server
    
    Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379]
    Selecting default: 6379
    Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf]
    Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf
    Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log]
    Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log
    Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379]
    Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
    Please select the redis executable path [/usr/local/bin/redis-server]
    Selected config:
    Port           : 6379
    Config file    : /etc/redis/6379.conf
    Log file       : /var/log/redis_6379.log
    Data dir       : /var/lib/redis/6379
    Executable     : /usr/local/bin/redis-server
    Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
    Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.
    Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379
    Installing service...
    Successfully added to chkconfig!
    Successfully added to runlevels 345!
    /var/run/redis_6379.pid exists, process is already running or crashed
    Installation successful!

### 五、安装MQ ###

### 六、安装MongoDB ###

### 七、Yum的方式安装Mysql ###

##### 1、下载并安装MySQL官方的Yum Repository #####

下载：
        wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
    安装：
        yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

##### 2、安装MySQL服务器 #####

yum -y install mysql-community-server

##### 3、MySQL数据库设置 #####

*  启动MySQL

systemctl start  mysqld.service

*  查看MySQL运行状态

systemctl status mysqld.service

##### 4、此时mysql已经启动，查看默认的登录密码 #####

[root@tony local]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
        ... ...[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 4eg9;hOCYb+8
        
    其中冒号后边的 4eg9;hOCYb+8 就是默认密码

##### 5、登录mysql #####

[root@tony local]# mysql -uroot -p
        Enter password:
        Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
        Your MySQL connection id is 3
        Server version: 5.7.29
    
        Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
        Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
        affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
        owners.
    
        Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql>

##### 6、输入初始密码，此时不能做任何事情，因为MYSQL默认必须修改密码才能正常使用 #####

*  注意事项：密码必须足够复杂，最好是大小写+特殊符号+数字。设置的密码过于简单的话，会提示报错

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'tony123';
        ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'ABCdef_123456';
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

##### 7、还有一个问题就是Yum Repository,以后每次 yum 操作都会自动更新，需要把这个卸载掉 #####

[root@tony local]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch

##### 8、远程登录mysql提示报错 #####

###### 报错信息及原因 ######

错误信息：
        ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can’t connect to MySQL server on ‘xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’
    错误原因：
        没有授予相应的权限

###### 问题解决 ######

*  先进行登录

[root@tony local]# mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password:

*  登录后

#任何主机
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    
    #指定主机
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'jack'@’11.11.11.123’ IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    
    #根据自己的需求选择使用上述哪个命令
    mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'ABCdef_123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
        Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    # 然后刷新权限
    mysql> flush privileges;
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    # 查看有哪些数据库
    mysql> show databases;
        +--------------------+
        | Database           |
        +--------------------+
        | information_schema |
        | mysql              |
        | performance_schema |
        | sys                |
        +--------------------+
        4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> exit;
        Bye
    [root@tony local]#

##### 9、修改mysql中user表，是相应的用户能从任意主机登录 #####

mysql>use mysql; 
    mysql>update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';   # %代表任意客户端,可换成具体IP地址
    mysql>select host, user from user;

##### 10、客户端提供MYSQL的环境不支持中文,进行修改 #####

###### 登录后查看mysql的字符集 ######

###### 修改字符集 ######

*  系统变量及含义：

– character_set_server：默认的内部操作字符集
        – character_set_client：客户端来源数据使用的字符集
        – character_set_connection：连接层字符集
        – character_set_results：查询结果字符集
        – character_set_database：当前选中数据库的默认字符集
        – character_set_system：系统元数据(字段名等)字符集

*  Linux下MySQL配置文件my.cnf

[mysql]
        #在该区域设置默认字符集（default-character-set=utf8），
        #那么这三个character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_results，全部生效
        default-character-set=utf8
    
    [mysqld]
        #在该区域设置默认字符集（default-character-set=utf8），
        #那么character_set_server，character_set_database两个全部生效，并且这俩个参数只有在该节中可以设置，其他地方设置会报错
        default-character-set=utf8
    
    [client]
        #在该区域设置默认字符集（default-character-set=utf8），
        #那么这个三个character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_results，全部生效
        #如果在[mysql]和[client]节中都设置了默认字符集，那么以[client]为准
        default-character-set=utf8
    
    推荐设置：
        [mysql]
            default-character-set=utf8
        [mysqld]
            default-character-set=utf8

*  修改自己服务器上的my.cnf配置文件

[root@tony ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    # For advice on how to change settings please see
    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
    
    [mysqld]
    #
    # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
    # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
    # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #
    # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
    # changes to the binary log between backups.
    # log_bin
    #
    # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
    # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
    # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
    # join_buffer_size = 128M
    # sort_buffer_size = 2M
    # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    character-set-server=utf8                                 # 追加该行
    [root@tony ~]#

###### 重启mysql ######

##### 11、设置开机启动 #####

# 开机启动
    [root@tony local]# systemctl enable mysqld
    
    # 取消开机启动
    [root@tony local]# systemctl disable mysqld

--------------------

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