Docker容器学习（一）

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2023-07-08 15:27 69阅读 0赞

**目录**

一、hello world

docker命令

docker run hello-world

docker images

docker ps -a

ps afx | grep docker -A 1

tips: 自动补齐工具

--------------------

# 一、hello world #

## docker命令 ##

\[root@yangrenhao ~\]\# docker       //查看docker命令help

Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
    
    
    
    A self-sufficient runtime for containers
    
    
    
    Options:
    
    --config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
    
    -D, --debug Enable debug mode
    
    -H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
    
    -l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal")
    
    (default "info")
    
    --tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
    
    --tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
    
    --tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
    
    --tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
    
    --tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
    
    -v, --version Print version information and quit
    
    
    
    Management Commands:
    
    config Manage Docker configs
    
    container Manage containers
    
    image Manage images
    
    network Manage networks
    
    node Manage Swarm nodes
    
    plugin Manage plugins
    
    secret Manage Docker secrets
    
    service Manage services
    
    stack Manage Docker stacks
    
    swarm Manage Swarm
    
    system Manage Docker
    
    trust Manage trust on Docker images
    
    volume Manage volumes
    
    
    
    Commands:
    
    attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
    
    build Build an image from a Dockerfile
    
    commit Create a new image from a container's changes
    
    cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
    
    create Create a new container
    
    diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
    
    events Get real time events from the server
    
    exec Run a command in a running container
    
    export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
    
    history Show the history of an image
    
    images List images
    
    import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
    
    info Display system-wide information
    
    inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
    
    kill Kill one or more running containers
    
    load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
    
    login Log in to a Docker registry
    
    logout Log out from a Docker registry
    
    logs Fetch the logs of a container
    
    pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
    
    port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
    
    ps List containers
    
    pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
    
    push Push an image or a repository to a registry
    
    rename Rename a container
    
    restart Restart one or more containers
    
    rm Remove one or more containers
    
    rmi Remove one or more images
    
    run Run a command in a new container
    
    save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
    
    search Search the Docker Hub for images
    
    start Start one or more stopped containers
    
    stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
    
    stop Stop one or more running containers
    
    tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
    
    top Display the running processes of a container
    
    unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
    
    update Update configuration of one or more containers
    
    version Show the Docker version information
    
    wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
    
    
    
    Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

## docker run hello-world ##

\[root@yangrenhao ~\]\# docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
    1b930d010525: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:fc6a51919cfeb2e6763f62b6d9e8815acbf7cd2e476ea353743570610737b752
    Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
    
    Hello from Docker!
    This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
    
    To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
     1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
     2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
        (amd64)
     3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
        executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
     4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
        to your terminal.
    
    To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
     $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
    
    Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
     https://hub.docker.com/
    
    For more examples and ideas, visit:
     https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

## docker images ##

\[root@yangrenhao ~\]\# docker images             //查看已安装的docker images

REPOSITORY                                                        TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    tomcat                                                            latest              6fa48e047721        2 months ago        507MB
    registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy                v1.17.0             7d54289267dc        2 months ago        116MB
    registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver            v1.17.0             0cae8d5cc64c        2 months ago        171MB
    registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler            v1.17.0             78c190f736b1        2 months ago        94.4MB
    registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager   v1.17.0             5eb3b7486872        2 months ago        161MB
    registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                   1.6.5               70f311871ae1        3 months ago        41.6MB
    registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd                      3.4.3-0             303ce5db0e90        4 months ago        288MB
    quay.io/coreos/flannel                                            v0.11.0-amd64       ff281650a721        13 months ago       52.6MB
    quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel                              v0.11.0-amd64       ff281650a721        13 months ago       52.6MB
    hello-world                                                       latest              fce289e99eb9        14 months ago       1.84kB
    registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                     3.1                 da86e6ba6ca1        2 years ago         742kB

## docker ps -a ##

\[root@yangrenhao ~\]\# docker ps

只显示在运行中的

\[root@yangrenhao ~\]\# docker ps -a

显示全部运行的，包括异常退出的

[root@yangrenhao ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                    NAMES
    93331fbd75ed        hello-world                                         "/hello"                 24 hours ago        Exited (0) 24 hours ago                             amazing_liskov

## ps afx | grep docker -A 1 ##

查看docker进程父子详细关系

[root@yangrenhao ~]# ps afx |grep docker -A 1
     9264 pts/1    Sl+    0:01  |       \_ docker run -d -p 80:80 httpd
     6578 ?        Ss     0:00  \_ sshd: root@pts/2
    --
    13746 pts/2    S+     0:00          \_ grep --color=auto docker -A 1
     1074 ?        Ss     0:43 /usr/sbin/crond -n
    --
    11486 ?        Ssl  1617:07 /usr/bin/dockerd
    11493 ?        Ssl  169:26  \_ docker-containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
    12513 ?        Sl     5:14  |   \_ docker-containerd-shim -namespace moby -workdir /var/lib/docker/containerd/daemon/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/cefe736981aacb01e7424b524ed5a215b5cde820d30438661f48cf60de8023e7 -address /var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock -containerd-binary /usr/bin/docker-containerd -runtime-root /var/run/docker/runtime-runc
    12572 ?        Ss     0:00  |   |   \_ /pause
    12523 ?        Sl     4:48  |   \_ docker-containerd-shim -namespace moby -workdir /var/lib/docker/containerd/daemon/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/7cd116581c77968660c58c9535d63db7b4404b4897e468e0f7fb33f9ba33ed2f -address /var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock -containerd-binary /usr/bin/docker-containerd -runtime-root /var/run/docker/runtime-runc
    12591 ?        Ss     0:00  |   |   \_ /pause
    12547 ?        Sl     4:57  |   \_ docker-containerd-shim -namespace moby -workdir /var/lib/docker/containerd/daemon/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/f9aecdc5c372ccde3ae4f2757b4c514586ce8279fd747874a45633f9a7c21be0 -address /var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock -containerd-binary /usr/bin/docker-containerd -runtime-root /var/run/docker/runtime-runc
    12603 ?        Ss     0:00  |   |   \_ /pause
    12578 ?        Sl     4:43  |   \_ docker-containerd-shim -namespace moby -workdir /var/lib/docker/containerd/daemon/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/2d4b9788888e17ff47f1a78327a3b7278202851bf3e10783989b215e88ac4cae -address /var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock -containerd-binary /usr/bin/docker-containerd -runtime-root /var/run/docker/runtime-runc
    12614 ?        Ss     0:00  |   |   \_ /pause
    12695 ?        Sl     5:22  |   \_ docker-containerd-shim -namespace moby -workdir /var/lib/docker/containerd/daemon/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/f0bef593547ba62223d9f1de6fc0a30da10a186523a889625ffcc6b29ef10b07 -address /var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock -containerd-binary /usr/bin/docker-containerd -runtime-root /var/run/docker/runtime-runc
    23571 ?        Sl     0:44  |   \_ docker-containerd-shim -namespace moby -workdir /var/lib/docker/containerd/daemon/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/b80c51d7d4d0d1f2b75297059224c9ddb86f4724d0d51058294215d7e1d41b0b -address /var/run/docker/containerd/docker-containerd.sock -containerd-binary /usr/bin/docker-containerd -runtime-root /var/run/docker/runtime-runc
    23630 ?        Ssl   81:58  |       \_ kube-scheduler --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf --leader-elect=true
    19930 ?        Sl     0:17  \_ /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8080 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 8080
    12894 ?        Ssl  3333:32 /usr/bin/kubelet --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf --config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1

# #

## tips: 自动补齐工具 ##

[root@yangrenhao ~]# yum install bash-completion
    已加载插件：fastestmirror
    Determining fastest mirrors
    base                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
    docker-ce-stable                                                         | 3.5 kB  00:00:00
    epel                                                                     | 5.4 kB  00:00:00
    extras                                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
    kubernetes/signature                                                     |  454 B  00:00:00
    kubernetes/signature                                                     | 1.4 kB  00:00:03 !!!
    updates                                                                  | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
    (1/6): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                            | 1.0 MB  00:00:08
    (2/6): kubernetes/primary                                                |  64 kB  00:00:06
    (3/6): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                        | 159 kB  00:00:07
    (4/6): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db                                |  38 kB  00:00:09
    (5/6): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                            | 6.7 MB  00:00:09
    (6/6): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                       | 6.7 MB  00:00:01
    kubernetes                                                                              469/469
    正在解决依赖关系
    --> 正在检查事务
    ---> 软件包 bash-completion.noarch.1.2.1-6.el7 将被 安装
    --> 解决依赖关系完成
    
    依赖关系解决
    
    ================================================================================================
     Package                     架构               版本                     源                大小
    ================================================================================================
    正在安装:
     bash-completion             noarch             1:2.1-6.el7              base              85 k
    
    事务概要
    ================================================================================================
    安装  1 软件包
    
    总下载量：85 k
    安装大小：259 k
    Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
    Downloading packages:
    bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch.rpm                                     |  85 kB  00:00:00
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
      正在安装    : 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch                                          1/1
      验证中      : 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch                                          1/1
    
    已安装:
      bash-completion.noarch 1:2.1-6.el7
    
    完毕！