18秋第三题 PAT甲级 1150 Travelling Salesman Problem (25分) 简单图论

末蓝、 2023-07-07 03:43 20阅读 0赞

# 题目 #

The "travelling salesman problem" asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city and returns to the origin city?" It is an NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, important in operations research and theoretical computer science. (Quoted from "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelling\_salesman\_problem][https_en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Travelling_salesman_problem]".)

In this problem, you are supposed to find, from a given list of cycles, the one that is the closest to the solution of a travelling salesman problem.

### Input Specification: ###

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains 2 positive integers N (2<N≤200), the number of cities, and M, the number of edges in an undirected graph. Then M lines follow, each describes an edge in the format `City1 City2 Dist`, where the cities are numbered from 1 to N and the distance `Dist` is positive and is no more than 100. The next line gives a positive integer K which is the number of paths, followed by K lines of paths, each in the format:

n C1 C2 ... Cn

where n is the number of cities in the list, and Ci's are the cities on a path.

### Output Specification: ###

For each path, print in a line `Path X: TotalDist (Description)` where `X` is the index (starting from 1) of that path, `TotalDist` its total distance (if this distance does not exist, output `NA` instead), and `Description` is one of the following:

*  `TS simple cycle` if it is a simple cycle that visits every city;
 *  `TS cycle` if it is a cycle that visits every city, but not a simple cycle;
 *  `Not a TS cycle` if it is NOT a cycle that visits every city.

Finally print in a line `Shortest Dist(X) = TotalDist` where `X` is the index of the cycle that is the closest to the solution of a travelling salesman problem, and `TotalDist` is its total distance. It is guaranteed that such a solution is unique.

### Sample Input: ###

6 10
    6 2 1
    3 4 1
    1 5 1
    2 5 1
    3 1 8
    4 1 6
    1 6 1
    6 3 1
    1 2 1
    4 5 1
    7
    7 5 1 4 3 6 2 5
    7 6 1 3 4 5 2 6
    6 5 1 4 3 6 2
    9 6 2 1 6 3 4 5 2 6
    4 1 2 5 1
    7 6 1 2 5 4 3 1
    7 6 3 2 5 4 1 6

### Sample Output: ###

Path 1: 11 (TS simple cycle)
    Path 2: 13 (TS simple cycle)
    Path 3: 10 (Not a TS cycle)
    Path 4: 8 (TS cycle)
    Path 5: 3 (Not a TS cycle)
    Path 6: 13 (Not a TS cycle)
    Path 7: NA (Not a TS cycle)
    Shortest Dist(4) = 8

# 名词解释 #

1.undirected graph  
无向图，就是A和B点有连线的话，是双向的  
在代码层面就是int G\[maxn\]\[maxn\]，存边的时候G\[a\]\[b\]=G\[b\]\[a\]=cost

2.cycle  
回路，就是说图的顶点序列中，第一个顶点和最后一个顶点相同

3.simple cycle  
简单回路，就是图的顶点序列中，除了第一个顶点和最后一个顶点相同外，其余顶点不重复出现的回路

# 题目大意 #

给出无向图和顶点序列，判断是不是旅行商回路和简单回路。

# 分析 #

这道题的输出要求是这样的：

>  *  `TS simple cycle` if it is a simple cycle that visits every city;
>  *  `TS cycle` if it is a cycle that visits every city, but not a simple cycle;
>  *  `Not a TS cycle` if it is NOT a cycle that visits every city.

稍作整理，可以发现这道题的判断逻辑基本上照搬输出的要求：  
`1.Not a TS cycle：顶点序列首尾不同 或者 没有遍历每个城市 2.TS cycle：遍历了每个城市但是顶点序列有重复 3.TS simple cycle：不用单独判断了，除了前两种情况其余都是`

`这就是“简单图论”题目的典型，在PAT甲级考试挺常见的图论考法。`

# 满分代码 #

#include<iostream>
    #include<vector>
    #include<set>
    #include<cctype>
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn=205;
    int n,m,k,u,w,c;
    int G[maxn][maxn];
    int main(){
        cin>>n>>m;
        for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
            scanf("%d %d %d",&u,&w,&c);
            G[u][w]=G[w][u]=c;
        }
        cin>>k;
        int sp=1,sd=9999999;
        for(int i=1;i<=k;i++){
            cin>>u;
            vector<int> v(u+5);
            set<int> s;
            int dis=0,f=0;
            for(int i=1;i<=u;i++){
                scanf("%d",&v[i]);
                s.insert(v[i]);
                if(i!=1){
                    dis+=G[v[i-1]][v[i]];
                    if(G[v[i-1]][v[i]]==0)f=1;
                }
            }
            printf("Path %d: ",i);
            if(f==1) printf("NA ");
            else printf("%d ",dis);
            if(s.size()!=n || v[1]!=v[u] ||f==1){
                printf("(Not a TS cycle)\n");
                continue;
            }else if(u>n+1){
                printf("(TS cycle)\n");
            }else{
                printf("(TS simple cycle)\n");
                
            }
            if(sd>dis){
                sd=dis;
                sp=i;
            }
        }
        printf("Shortest Dist(%d) = %d\n",sp,sd);
        return 0;
    }

[https_en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Travelling_salesman_problem]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelling_salesman_problem