使用Anaconda搭建Python环境

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2023-07-03 06:27 44阅读 0赞

在上一节中，我们掌握了从官网下载python安装包搭建开发环境。但是通过Python官网下载安装包，安装Python时，只安装了最基础的Python和相关包。而在实际工作中，默认的那些包很可能是无法满足我们的需求，这时我们通常会使用Anaconda来搭建Python的开发环境。

# 1. 下载Anaconda #

首先登陆[Anaconda官网][Anaconda]，点击右上角Download按钮，然后选择自己的操作系统和要下载的版本。  
![image.png][]  
这里建议使用Python3.x，Python2.7是旧版本的Python，Python2.7在2020年后官方就终止支持了。目前市面上更多的是Python3.x版本用的比较多，文档也相对较全，故建议直接使用Python3.x。  
![image.png][image.png 1]

有时候Anaconda官网访问较慢，这时我们也可以选择清华的镜像源进行下载（推荐），下载地址为：[https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/archive/][https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_anaconda_archive]  
![image.png][image.png 2]  
由于文件较大，下载可能需要一会儿，下载完成如下：  
![image.png][image.png 3]

# 2. Anaconda安装 #

安装是比较简单的，基本上都是下一步下一步默认就可以了。不过这里有2点建议：

1.  不要把Anaconda安装到隐藏目录下，同时建议安装在盘符下第一层目录，如C:\\Anaconda,D:\\Anaconda。
2.  安装时勾选将Python添加到环境变量中。这点是强烈建议的，如果这里不做勾选的话，后续还要手动将Python添加到环境变量里，徒增麻烦。

下面介绍具体的安装步骤：

2.1 双击下载好的安装包，进入安装界面

![image.png][image.png 4]![image.png][image.png 5]

2.2 设置所有用户都能使用，此处需要管理员权限，如果没有管理员权限的话，可以选择Just Me仅本用户可用。

![image.png][image.png 6]![image.png][image.png 7]

2.3 设置安装路径并将Anaconda添加到环境变量中去，这里按照建议1和建议2设置。

![image.png][image.png 8]![image.png][image.png 9]

2.4 开始安装至安装完成。

![image.png][image.png 10]![image.png][image.png 11]![image.png][image.png 12]![image.png][image.png 13]

至此，Anaconda的安装完成。接下来我们来检查一下是否安装成功。

# 3. 检查是否安装成功 #

3.1 使用快捷键 Win + R，输入cmd打开终端  
![image.png][image.png 14]

3.2 输入conda --version命令查看conda版本  
![image.png][image.png 15]

# 额外信息：Mac和Linux上安装 #

1.  Mac上安装也很简单，下载好软件，然后基本上一直下一步就可以了。
2.  linux安装也比较简单。下载好软件，通过如下命令即可安装完成。

cd xxx -- 切换到Anaconda安装包的目录
    sh 安装包名称
    -- 如假设我们下在的安装包名为 Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh
    sh Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh

接下来就开始安装了，安装时会提示选择安装的路径和添加到环境变量，选择yes即可。

[Anaconda]: https://www.anaconda.com/
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[https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_anaconda_archive]: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/archive/
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