Android Studio打包发布Flutter安卓应用

古城微笑少年丶 2023-07-03 04:45 39阅读 0赞

打包发布安卓应用主要有5步，

#### 修改android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml ####

首先通过安卓模式打开项目  
![以安卓模式打开项目][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
然后等待项目加载完成，出现下面情况为加载完成：  
![加载成功][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
如果出现异常可以参考这篇文章：[启动 flutter项目时报Could not find com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.2.1.][flutter_Could not find com.android.tools.build_gradle_3.2.1.]  
然后修改APP对应的名字，也就是在手机桌面显示的应用名  
![桌面文字][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
图标自定义我们可以修改`mipmap`下面的图标文件（建议右键`show in explorer`在文件夹中打开，然后再进行修改）  
![APP图标修改][APP]

#### 修改和配置`build.gradle`文件 ####

打开`app`的`build.gradle`修改兼容的安卓版本  
![修改兼容的安卓版本][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

> `compileSdkVersion`：表示编译时的安卓版本  
> `targetSdkVersion`：表示目标安卓版本  
> `minSdkVersion`：表示最低兼容的安卓版本

如果要查看安卓版本对应的数字的话，可以点击`SDK Manager`进行查看：  
![查看安卓版本][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
其他字段含义：  
![其他字段][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

#### 签名APP ####

##### 创建证书： #####

点击`Build-->Generate Signed Bundle/APK`  
![点击build][build]  
选择`APK`点击下一步：  
![步骤2][2]  
点击创建一个新的证书：  
![创建新证书][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
输入信息即可创建证书：  
![创建证书][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
点击OK之后可能会出现报错，此处忽略即可：  
![忽略报错][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
然后点击取消，即可看到我们创建的证书：  
![创建好的证书][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
新建一个`/android/key.properties`文件，配置如下内容：  
![配置文件][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

##### 配置build.gradle #####

打开`build.gradle`文件，在`android`节点上面添加下面内容：

def keystorePropertiesFile = rootProject.file("key.properties")
    def keystoreProperties = new Properties()
    keystoreProperties.load(new FileInputStream(keystorePropertiesFile))

如下：  
![修改build.gradle][build.gradle]  
将下面内容

buildTypes { 
        release { 
            // TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
            // Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }

替换为：

signingConfigs { 
        release { 
            keyAlias keystoreProperties['keyAlias']
            keyPassword keystoreProperties['keyPassword']
            storeFile file(keystoreProperties['storeFile'])
            storePassword keystoreProperties['storePassword']
        }
    }
    buildTypes { 
        release { 
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
        }
    }

效果如下：  
![替换][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

##### 开启混淆 #####

新建`/android/app/proguard-rules.pro`文件  
添加以下规则：

#Flutter Wrapper
    -keep class io.flutter.app.** {  *; }
    -keep class io.flutter.plugin.**  {  *; }
    -keep class io.flutter.util.**  {  *; }
    -keep class io.flutter.view.**  {  *; }
    -keep class io.flutter.**  {  *; }
    -keep class io.flutter.plugins.**  {  *; }

![文件路径][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
在`build.gradle`文件的`release`节点下添加：

minifyEnabled true
    useProguard true
    proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'

用来启动混淆配置，`minifyEnabled`表示是否压缩  
![启动混淆配置][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]

#### 构建一个发布版（release）APK ####

切换到flutter项目的根目录，执行`flutter build apk`即可打包成功。

##### 常见问题及解决方法 #####

[解决问题 Cause: buildOutput.apkData must not be null][Cause_ buildOutput.apkData must not be null]  
[VScode+Flutter 开发继续踩坑][VScode_Flutter]  
[Flutter打包release版本安卓apk包真机安装无法请求网络的解决方法][Flutter_release_apk]

> Flutter中文网：https://flutterchina.club/android-release/

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[flutter_Could not find com.android.tools.build_gradle_3.2.1.]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43225978/article/details/94008529
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[APP]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200202121044862.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[build]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200202122700448.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200202122841641.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[build.gradle]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200202124048694.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpMzQ1NTI3NzkyNQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
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[Cause_ buildOutput.apkData must not be null]: https://blog.csdn.net/yezisuifengbiao/article/details/102740943
[VScode_Flutter]: https://www.cnblogs.com/dfsxh/p/10453801.html
[Flutter_release_apk]: https://www.cnblogs.com/joe235/p/11492273.html