Windows下安装和配置WSL

墨蓝 2023-07-03 04:45 20阅读 0赞

百度百科描述WSL：*Windows Subsystem for Linux（简称WSL）是一个在Windows 10上能够运行原生Linux二进制可执行文件（ELF格式）的兼容层。它是由微软与Canonical公司合作开发，其目标是使纯正的Ubuntu 14.04 "Trusty Tahr"映像能下载和解压到用户的本地计算机，并且映像内的工具和实用工具能在此子系统上原生运行。*

**1**、启用或关闭Windows功能  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hwZjI0Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**2**、安装WSL  
在微软应用商店（[https://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/store/][https_www.microsoft.com_zh-cn_store]）搜索 Linux，选用 Ubuntu ，下载完成后安装，然后重启电脑，打开Ubuntu应用，发现出现下面错误。

*The WSL optional component is not enabled. Please enable it and try again*  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hwZjI0Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

错误解决办法：  
1）在Windows“开始”处右键打开，选择Windows PowerShell管理员打开；  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hwZjI0Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]  
输入下面命令后回车执行：

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux

2）在设置–>更新和安全–>开发者选项处，将开发人员模式打开；  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hwZjI0Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

完成后，重启电脑；

打开Ubuntu应用，  
创建用户名跟密码：  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hwZjI0Nw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

**3**、配置 WSL  
1）更改源  
备份原来的源：`sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak`  
编辑文件：`sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list`

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

2）更新和升级

sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get upgrade

3）安装zsh

sudo apt-get install zsh

设置默认 shell 为 zsh

chsn –s $(which zsh)

设置完成后使用下列命令检查是否设置成功

echo $SHELL

4）设置 ys 主题

sudo vim ~/.zshrc

ZSH_THEME="ys"

source ~/.zshrc

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[https_www.microsoft.com_zh-cn_store]: https://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/store/
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