OpenCV 4.2.0 + opencv_contrib安装 (ubuntu16.04)

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2023-07-02 11:28 37阅读 0赞

官方发布版本：  
https://opencv.org/releases/

官方教程地址：  
http://www.opencv.org.cn/opencvdoc/2.3.2/html/doc/tutorials/tutorials.html

# ubuntu16.04 下安装openCV 4.2.0 步骤 #

**环境 ubuntu16.04 + opencv4.2.0+opencv\_contrib4.2.0**

1、 安装依赖

# ubuntu16.04 默认自带安装
    sudo apt-get install build-essential
    # ubuntu16.04 除了git，其他默认自带安装
    sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
    # libdc1394-22-dev 需要安装，其他默认自带安装
    sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

> build-essential是什么  
> linux操作系统上面开发程序， 光有了gcc 是不行的它还需要一个 build-essential软件包  
> 作用是提供编译程序必须软件包的列表信息也就是说 编译程序有了这个软件包它才知道 头文件在哪 才知道库函数在哪  
> 还会下载依赖的软件包 最后才组成一个开发环境  
> 当然 build-essential包 安装时 需要的依赖包 有些你用不上

2、 下载源代码

# 克隆源代码
    git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
    git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git
    # 选择4.2.0版本
    cd opencv
    git checkout 4.2.0
    cd opencv_contrib
    git checkout 4.2.0

> 注意: opencv与opencv\_contrib的版本需要要匹配一致

3、编译opencv

###### 使用命令cmake编译 ######

cd opencv
    mkdir build
    cd build
    cmake cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
        -DINSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
        -DINSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON \
        -DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=<opencv_contrib-4.2.0>/modules \
        -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
    make

###### 使用cmake-gui编译 ######

# 安装cmake-gui
    sudo apt-get install cmake-qt-gui
    # 进入opencv源代码目录
    cd opencv
    # 创建一个build文件夹，用于存放生成的代码
    mkdir build
    cd build
    # 启动cmake-gui
    cmake-gui ..

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
step.1 点击 “Browse Source” ，选择源代码根路劲`opencv` ，  
step.2 点击 “Browse Build”，选择目标代码目录 `build`  
step.3 点击 “Configure”，弹出CMakeSetup窗口，选择`Unix Makefiles`，选择`Use default native compilers`生成配置项  
step.4 配置编译参数

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Name</th> 
   <th>Value</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE</td> 
   <td>Release</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX</td> 
   <td>/usr/local</td> 
   <td>安装目录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH</td> 
   <td>opencv-4.2.0/opencv_contrib/modules</td> 
   <td>opencv_contrib目录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>BUILD_DOCS</td> 
   <td>ON</td> 
   <td>构建文档</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>BUILD_EXAMPLES</td> 
   <td>ON</td> 
   <td>构建所有示例</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES</td> 
   <td>ON</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES</td> 
   <td>ON</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG</td> 
   <td>ON</td> 
   <td>务必勾选</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>WITH_OPENGL</td> 
   <td>ON</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>WITH_QT</td> 
   <td>ON</td> 
   <td>启用qt</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

> OPENCV\_GENERATE\_PKGCONFI 忘记勾选怎么办？认真走完本贴吧，本贴就是未勾选，导致测试失败的  
> 血的教训，良心之作，献给各位程序猿，让大伙少走弯路。如果已勾选，后面就无需自己造opencv4.pc

step.5 再次点击"Configure",然后点击"Generate"  
step.6 开始编译

cd opencv/build
    make

等待半个钟后，出现如下错

...
    Scanning dependencies of target opencv_xfeatures2d
    [ 69%] Building CXX object modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/src/xfeatures2d_init.cpp.o
    [ 69%] Building CXX object modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/src/pct_signatures.cpp.o
    [ 69%] Building CXX object modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/src/affine_feature2d.cpp.o
    [ 69%] Building CXX object modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/src/gms.cpp.o
    [ 69%] Building CXX object modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/src/boostdesc.cpp.o
    ~/opencv-4.2.0/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/src/boostdesc.cpp:654:37: fatal error: boostdesc_bgm.i: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/build.make:163: recipe for target 'modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/src/boostdesc.cpp.o' failed
    make[2]: *** [modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/src/boostdesc.cpp.o] Error 1
    CMakeFiles/Makefile2:12636: recipe for target 'modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/all' failed
    make[1]: *** [modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/all] Error 2
    Makefile:160: recipe for target 'all' failed
    make: *** [all] Error 2

> 原因：的Configure时，已经出现提示 多个服务器连接不上的红色错误提示，如：  
> CMake Warning at /home/bing/study/opencv-4.2.0/opencv/cmake/OpenCVDownload.cmake:202 (message):  
> xfeatures2d/vgg: Download failed: 7;“Couldn’t connect to server”

**解决办法**  
进行`make`时的，关键错误提示 `opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/src/boostdesc.cpp:654:37: fatal error: boostdesc_bgm.i: No such file or directory compilation terminated.`

进入`build`目录，查看`CmakeDownloadLog.txt`，查找`boostdesc_bgm.i`关键词，下载所需要的文件到`opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/src/`下，包含的文件有：

boostdesc_bgm.i
    boostdesc_bgm_bi.i
    boostdesc_bgm_hd.i
    boostdesc_lbgm.i
    boostdesc_binboost_064.i
    boostdesc_binboost_128.i
    boostdesc_binboost_256.i
    vgg_generated_120.i
    vgg_generated_64.i
    vgg_generated_80.i
    vgg_generated_48.i

boostdesc\_bgm.i下载地址

随后继续报错，如下

~/opencv-4.2.0/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/test/test_features2d.cpp:51:62: fatal error: features2d/test/test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_xfeatures2d.dir/build.make:134: recipe for target 'modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_xfeatures2d.dir/test/test_features2d.cpp.o' failed
    make[2]: *** [modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_xfeatures2d.dir/test/test_features2d.cpp.o] Error 1
    CMakeFiles/Makefile2:12703: recipe for target 'modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_xfeatures2d.dir/all' failed
    make[1]: *** [modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_xfeatures2d.dir/all] Error 2
    Makefile:149: recipe for target 'all' failed
    make: *** [all] Error 2

**解决办法**  
step.1 进入opencv源码目录`~/opencv/modules/features2d/test/`，拷贝`test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp` 及 `test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp` 到 `~/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/test/`下  
step.2 编辑 `test_features2d.cpp` ，修改include文件地址

// #include "features2d/test/test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp"
    // #include "features2d/test/test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp"
    // 修改文件地址如下
    #include "test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp"
    #include "test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp"

修改完成后，`build`目录下继续`make`

> ps: make 会继续上一次编译的进度，无需重头开始编译

cd opencv/build
    make

后续会继续报错：

~/opencv-4.2.0/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/test/test_rotation_and_scale_invariance.cpp:7:82: fatal error: features2d/test/test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp: No such file or directory

In file included from ~/opencv-4.2.0/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/test/test_rotation_and_scale_invariance.cpp:7:0:
    ~/opencv-4.2.0/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/test/test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp:5:37: fatal error: test_invariance_utils.hpp: No such file or directory

继续按上面方法，根据提示的缺少文件从`~/opencv/modules/features2d/test`中拷贝如下文件到`~/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/test/`

test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp
    test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp
    test_invariance_utils.hpp

然后修改`test_rotation_and_scale_invariance.cpp`文件

// #include "features2d/test/test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp" // main OpenCV repo
    // #include "features2d/test/test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp" // main OpenCV repo
    #include "test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp" // main OpenCV repo
    #include "test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp" // main OpenCV repo

继续执行`make`  
**顺利完成安装，上个段100%的安装进度信息**

[100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tapi_ufacedetect
    [100%] Built target example_tapi_ufacedetect
    Scanning dependencies of target example_tapi_dense_optical_flow
    [100%] Building CXX object samples/tapi/CMakeFiles/example_tapi_dense_optical_flow.dir/dense_optical_flow.cpp.o
    [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tapi_dense_optical_flow
    [100%] Built target example_tapi_dense_optical_flow
    Scanning dependencies of target example_tapi_camshift
    [100%] Building CXX object samples/tapi/CMakeFiles/example_tapi_camshift.dir/camshift.cpp.o
    [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tapi_camshift
    [100%] Built target example_tapi_camshift
    Scanning dependencies of target example_tapi_squares
    [100%] Building CXX object samples/tapi/CMakeFiles/example_tapi_squares.dir/squares.cpp.o
    [100%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/example_tapi_squares
    [100%] Built target example_tapi_squares

1.  安装及配置

sudo make install

安装好后，include目录在`/usr/local/include/opencv4`下，库目录在`/usr/local/lib`下

**4.1 配置环境变量**

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf

添加如下内容，并保存:

/usr/local/lib

配置库

sudo ldconfig

**4.2 添加修改环境变量**

sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

在末尾添加如下内容

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig 
    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

重启系统

reboot

测试安装情况，查看安装版本

pkg-config opencv4 --modversion 
    # or
    pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv4
    
    Package opencv was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `opencv4.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'opencv4' found

> 原因：在configrue时，为指定 OPENCV\_GENERATE\_PKGCONFIG为NO(OFF为关闭)，而安装后并未自动生成响应的opencv4.pc文件  
> 网上的许多的教程都未给出该选项  
> 当然，如果你勾选吧，那么，就没有下面4.3的问题啦

**4.3 创建opencv4.pc**

sudo gedit /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/opencv4.pc

添加如下内容

# Package Information for pkg-config
    prefix=/usr/local
    exec_prefix=${prefix}
    libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
    includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv4/opencv
    includedir_new=${prefix}/include/opencv4
    
    Name: OpenCV
    Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
    Version: 4.2.0
    Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_gapi -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_aruco -lopencv_bgsegm -lopencv_bioinspired -lopencv_ccalib -lopencv_dnn_objdetect -lopencv_dpm -lopencv_face -lopencv_freetype -lopencv_fuzzy -lopencv_hfs -lopencv_img_hash -lopencv_line_descriptor -lopencv_quality -lopencv_reg -lopencv_rgbd -lopencv_saliency -lopencv_stereo -lopencv_structured_light -lopencv_phase_unwrapping -lopencv_superres -lopencv_optflow -lopencv_surface_matching -lopencv_tracking -lopencv_datasets -lopencv_text -lopencv_dnn -lopencv_plot -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_video -lopencv_xfeatures2d -lopencv_shape -lopencv_ml -lopencv_ximgproc -lopencv_xobjdetect -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_flann -lopencv_xphoto -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core
    Libs.private: -ldl -lm -lpthread -lrt
    Cflags: -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}

再次pkg-config测试

pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv4
    -I/usr/local/include/opencv4/opencv -I/usr/local/include/opencv4 -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_gapi -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_aruco -lopencv_bgsegm -lopencv_bioinspired -lopencv_ccalib -lopencv_dnn_objdetect -lopencv_dpm -lopencv_face -lopencv_freetype -lopencv_fuzzy -lopencv_hfs -lopencv_img_hash -lopencv_line_descriptor -lopencv_quality -lopencv_reg -lopencv_rgbd -lopencv_saliency -lopencv_stereo -lopencv_structured_light -lopencv_phase_unwrapping -lopencv_superres -lopencv_optflow -lopencv_surface_matching -lopencv_tracking -lopencv_datasets -lopencv_text -lopencv_dnn -lopencv_plot -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_video -lopencv_xfeatures2d -lopencv_shape -lopencv_ml -lopencv_ximgproc -lopencv_xobjdetect -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_flann -lopencv_xphoto -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core

**测试成功!** (不容易呐，安装了一天)

> `pkg-config` 命令介绍:用于获得某一个库/模块的所有编译相关的信息  
> 所有用opencv的其他程序，在编译时，只需要写“pkg-config opencv –libs –cflags”,而不需要自己去找opencv的头文件在哪里，要链接的库在哪里！省时省力！  
> [pkg-config介绍参考][pkg-config]

> `sudo ldconfig` 命令介绍: ldconfig是一个动态链接库管理命令，其目的为了让动态链接库为系统所共享。  
> 主要是在默认搜寻目录`/lib`和`/usr/lib`以及动态库配置文件`/etc/ld.so.conf`内所列的目录下，否则需要 export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH:/usr/local/<you\_dir>/lib  
> 搜索出可共享的动态链接库（格式如lib\*.so\*）,进而创建出动态装入程序(ld.so)所需的连接和缓存文件，  
> 缓存文件默认为/etc/ld.so.cache，此文件保存已排好序的动态链接库名字列表。  
> linux下的共享库机制采用了类似高速缓存机制，将库信息保存在/etc/ld.so.cache，程序连接的时候首先从这个文件里查找，然后再到ld.so.conf的路径中查找。  
> 为了让动态链接库为系统所共享，需运行动态链接库的管理命令ldconfig，此执行程序存放在/sbin目录下。  
> [ldconfig介绍参考 https://blog.csdn.net/winycg/article/details/80572735][ldconfig_ https_blog.csdn.net_winycg_article_details_80572735]

1.  终极测试，写一个opencv的demo  
    创建一个文件`showEagle.cpp`  
    同级目录下存一张雄鹰的图片`eagle.jpg`  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
    showEagle.cpp代码如下：

#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
    #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
    using namespace cv;
    int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    { 
    	Mat src = imread("eagle.jpg");
    	imshow("src", src);
    	Mat src_gray;
    	cvtColor(src, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY); // 注意，有的教程CV_BGR2GRAY，opencv4下会报错
    	imshow("src_gray", src_gray);
    	imwrite("eagle_gray.jpg", src_gray);
    	waitKey(0);
    	return 0;
    }

开始编译

g++ showEagle.cpp -o showEagle `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv4`

无限报错报错：error “OpenCV 4.x+ requires enabled C++11 support”  
再来一次

g++ -std=c++11 showEagle.cpp -o showEagle `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv4`

完美！效果如下  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200130134627995.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[pkg-config]: https://www.cnblogs.com/sddai/p/10266624.html
[ldconfig_ https_blog.csdn.net_winycg_article_details_80572735]: https://blog.csdn.net/winycg/article/details/80572735
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200131002625771.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200131002945391.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lvdWxpbmh1YW55YW4=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70