robot framework笔记（介绍+基础关键字）

青旅半醒 2023-06-30 08:41 28阅读 0赞

视频教程传送门：[https://ke.qq.com/course/417461?taid=3602880561307317][https_ke.qq.com_course_417461_taid_3602880561307317]

### robot framework库 ###

Builtin：提供了一组通常需要的通用关键字  
String：生成、修改和验证字符串的库  
Screenshot：提供关键字捕捉桌面截图  
XML:生成、修改和验证xml文件的库  
DateTime：日期和时间转换库  
……

Web自动化测试: SeleniumLibrary, Selenium2Library, Selenium2Library for Java、watir-robot等。  
Windows GUI测试: AutoltLibrary。  
移动测试: Android library、 iOS library、 AppiumLibrary等。  
数据库测试: Database Library(Java)、Database Library(Python)、 MongoDB library等。  
文件对比测试: Diff Library。  
HTTP测试:Http library(livetest)、Http library(Requests)等  
……

### robot framework库与单元测试框架比较 ###

相同点:  
setUp/tearDown  
提供测试套件（用于运行一组测试用例的集合）  
测试运行  
生成HTML测试结果（主流的单元测试框架有生成HTML的扩展）

不同点:  
语法  
robot framework自建语法, unittest使用 Python语法。  
支持库  
robot framework支持特定库, unittest支持 Python的任意库。

@ 脚本对比, robot framework

*** Settings***
    Library    Selenium2Library
    
    
    *** Test Cases ***
    testcase
        open browser    https://www.baidu.com    chrome
        input text    id=kw    robot framework
        click button    id=su
        close browser

说明：testcase之后的四条语句行首有四个空格

@ 脚本对比, unittest

from selenium import webdriver
    import unittest
    
    class Mytest(unittest.Testcase):
    
        def testcase(self):
            dr= webdriver.Chrome()
            dr.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("robot framework")
            dr.find_element_by_id("su").click()
            dr.close()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()

说明：定义的对象继承自unittest.Testcase，测试用例要以test开头-> def testcase(self)

### robot framework准备 ###

Python2.x/Python3.x/(对python2支持更好)  
robot framework  
wxPython2.8.12.1(win32) (可选)  
robot framework-ride(可选,是官方标准编辑器)

Python -> https://www.python.org  
robot framework -> https://github.com/robotframework/robotframework  
wxPython -> http://sourceforge. net/projects/wxpython/files/wxPython/2.8.12.1/  
robot framwork-ride -> https://github.com/robotframework/RIDE

### robot framework安装 ###

【环境】 Win10 + Python3.7(仅安装了这一个版本)

C:\Users>pip show robotframework
    WARNING: Package(s) not found: robotframework
    C:\Users>pip install robotframework
    …(省略)…
    C:\Users\Learnrf>pip show robotframework
    Name: robotframework
    Version: 3.1.2
    Summary: Generic automation framework for acceptance testing and robotic process automation (RPA)
    Home-page: http://robotframework.org
    Author: Pekka Klärck
    Author-email: peke@eliga.fi
    License: Apache License 2.0
    Location: c:\users\learnrf\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages
    Requires:
    Required-by:
    
    C:\Users\Learnrf>

编辑文件rf\_demo.robot，内容如下  
\*\*\*Settings\*\*\*

\*\*\*Test Cases\*\*\*  
testcase  
   log    robot framwork

执行命令 pybot rf\_demo.robot，提示“pybot 不是内部命令”

【解决】找到路径Python\\Python37\\Scripts，编辑文件 pybot.bat内容如下  
@Echo off  
python -m robot.run %\*

再次执行命令 pybot rf\_demo.robot，结果如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

输出了三个文件，

report.html长这样 —>

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

log.html长这样 —>

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

output.xml长这样 —>

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

### robot framework编辑器 ###

1.尝试在python3环境下安装RIDE

参考：  
*Python3+Robot Framework+RIDE安装使用教程** https://www.cnblogs.com/lsdb/p/10861344.html*  
*Python3下robot framework ride 测试环境搭建* * https://blog.csdn.net/be\_x\_man/article/details/80916063*

Win10+Python3，使用pip安装log如下：

C:\rf>pip install robotframework-ride
    Collecting robotframework-ride
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/36/d5/ece871dc64e4022c5f8c6772c333a7c686bccec45825c463c5542c2a5eac/robotframework-ride-1.7.4.1.zip (1.2MB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 1.2MB 43kB/s
    Collecting wxPython
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/12/08d58ad0a782aa003f2f4c19c2d2d8a55bc0141f9b925ea2f066732a7319/wxPython-4.0.7.post2-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (23.0MB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 23.0MB 43kB/s
    WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /simple/pypubsub/
    Collecting PyPubSub
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1a/41/a0aceb552d8ec63bb1e8223d130f9dd0f736470036d75d708183b104a2cb/Pypubsub-4.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (61kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 46kB/s
    Collecting Pygments
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/be/39/32da3184734730c0e4d3fa3b2b5872104668ad6dc1b5a73d8e477e5fe967/Pygments-2.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (896kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 901kB 18kB/s
    Collecting Pywin32
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bb/23/00fe4fbf9963f3bcb34a443eba0d0283fc51e5887d4045552c87490394e4/pywin32-227-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (9.1MB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 9.1MB 31kB/s
    WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /simple/pillow/
    Collecting pillow
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/88/6b/66f502b5ea615f69433ae1e23ec786b2cdadbe41a5cfb1e1fabb4f9c6ce9/Pillow-7.0.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (2.0MB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 2.0MB 33kB/s
    Collecting six
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/65/eb/1f97cb97bfc2390a276969c6fae16075da282f5058082d4cb10c6c5c1dba/six-1.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
    Requirement already satisfied: numpy; python_version >= "3.0" in c:\users\lenovo\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages (from wxPython->robotframework-ride) (1.17.3)
    Installing collected packages: pillow, six, wxPython, PyPubSub, Pygments, Pywin32, robotframework-ride
        Running setup.py install for robotframework-ride ... done
    Successfully installed PyPubSub-4.0.3 Pygments-2.5.2 Pywin32-227 pillow-7.0.0 robotframework-ride-1.7.4.1 six-1.14.0 wxPython-4.0.7.post2
    WARNING: You are using pip version 19.3.1; however, version 20.0.2 is available.
    You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
    
    C:\rf>

然后会提示是否创建桌面快捷方式，点击确认即可。LOGO长这样

![20200130130041787.png][]

2.使用Python3，也可以下载编辑器插件，打开 https://robotframework.org/ 选中TOOLS中的EDITORS，点开对应插件的链接

（1）例如Notepad++

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

可以使用 git 命令Clone或者下载到本地，这里下载到本地。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

然后按照按照 README.md 操作：  
语言->自定义语言格式...->导入->选择lang-robot.xml，提示导入成功。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

然后在“语言”中就可以找到

![20200128153151226.png][]

注意：该语法高亮只适合扩展名为“.robot”的文件

（2）再如sublime  
参考视频教程https://ke.qq.com/course/417461?taid=3602889151241909(后半节)  
\* 下载&安装  
\* 打开robot framework 项目与代码着色设置  
   Preferences->Browse Packages...  
   View->Syntax->Robot Framework syntax highlighting.）  
\* 运行

### ROBOT FRAMEWORK基础关键字 ###

\* robot framework的基础关键字封装 Builtin库中,它里面包含了最基础的一些关键字。  
例如:打印、定义变量、定义数组、时间、分支语句、循环语句、调用 Python模块等。  
\*其它基础库: Dialogs、Collections、Operating System、Remote、ScreenshotString、Telnet、XML、 Process、Date Time

**@ Builtin**

\-定义变量  
\-定义列表  
\-连接字符串  
\-时间关键字  
\-分支语句关键字  
\-循环语句关键字  
\-使用python模块

**（1）定义变量**

编辑key\_variable.robot，内容如下  
  
![20200129105104724.png][]

执行结果如下

C:\\rf>pybot key\_variable.robot  
==============================================================================  
Key Variable  
==============================================================================  
variable                                                              | PASS |  
\------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
Key Variable                                                          | PASS |  
1 critical test, 1 passed, 0 failed  
1 test total, 1 passed, 0 failed  
==============================================================================  
Output:  C:\\rf\\output.xml  
Log:     C:\\rf\\log.html  
Report:  C:\\rf\\report.html

C:\\rf>

**说明：**

**1.首行的 \*\*\* Test Cases \*\*\* 不可少，否则执行会报错**

C:\\rf>pybot key\_variable.robot  
\[ ERROR \] Parsing 'key\_variable.robot' failed: File has no tests or tasks.

Try --help for usage information.

C:\\rf>

**2.第二行是用例名称**

**3.第三行给变量a赋值，需要使用$\{\}代表变量，每列以4个空格分隔**

**4.日志记录变量a的值，打开输出文件log.html，找到记录的log**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

**（2）定义列表**

编辑key\_list.robot，内容如下

![20200129212108622.png][]

log.html中关键字内容如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

**（3）连接字符串**

编辑key\_catenate.robot，内容如下

![20200129214223822.png][]

log.html中关键字内容如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

**（4）时间关键字**

编辑key\_time.robot，内容如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

**说明：**

**1.第3行和第6行的关键字get time 可以获取当前时间**

**2.第5行的sleep 5 会等5秒**

log.html中关键字内容如下，可以瞅瞅时间戳~

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

**（5）分支语句关键字**

编辑key\_if.robot，内容如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

**说明：4-7行是分支语句，****第5-7行第一列是三个句点（...）不能少**

log.html中关键字内容如下

![20200129231357758.png][]

**（6）循环语句关键字**

编辑key\_for.robot，内容如下

![20200129231626417.png][]

**说明：**

**1.循环10次，注意FOR前要有冒号**

**2.第一列为“\\”（如果用python2 + RIDE，第一列是留空）**

log.html中关键字内容如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

**（7）使用python模块**  
*import random  
number=random.randint(1000,9999)  
print(number)*

上述python语句对应如下robot framework语句

*random\_py  
    $\{d\}    Evaluate    random.randint(1000,9999)   random  
    log    $\{d\}*

编辑pymod.robot，内容如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

**说明：**

**1.需要使用关键字Evaluate**

**2.第3行和第7行的第4列是导入的模块名，等价于python语句 import <模块名>**

执行结果如下

C:\\rf>pybot pymod.robot  
==============================================================================  
Pymod  
==============================================================================  
random\_py                                                             | PASS |  
\------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
time\_py                                                               | PASS |  
\------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
Pymod                                                                 | PASS |  
2 critical tests, 2 passed, 0 failed  
2 tests total, 2 passed, 0 failed  
==============================================================================  
Output:  C:\\rf\\output.xml  
Log:     C:\\rf\\log.html  
Report:  C:\\rf\\report.html

C:\\rf>

log.html中测试用例内容如下，前者生成范围内随机数，后者获取当前时间

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

将上述用例写到一个文件base\_key.robot 中

*** Test Cases ***
    variable
        ${a}    Set variable    hello world
        log    ${a}
    
    list
        ${abc}    Create List   a   b   c
        log    ${abc}
    
    catenate
        ${hi}   Catenate    hello   world
        log    ${hi}
    
    time
        ${t}    get time
        log    ${t}
        sleep   5
        ${t}    get time
        log    ${t}
    
    if
        ${a}    Set variable    59
        run keyword if    ${a}>=90    log    优秀
        ...    ELSE IF    ${a}>=70    log    良好
        ...    ELSE IF    ${a}>=60    log    及格
        ...    ELSE    log    不及格
    
    for
        : FOR   ${i}    IN RANGE    10
        \   log    ${i}
        
    random_py
        ${d}    Evaluate    random.randint(1000,9999)   random
        log    ${d}
    
    time_py
        ${t}    Evaluate    time.ctime()    time
        log    ${t}

执行结果如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

## ##

（To be continued...）

[https_ke.qq.com_course_417461_taid_3602880561307317]: https://ke.qq.com/course/417461?taid=3602880561307317
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200128125500662.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200128125757203.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200128130142476.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200128130047961.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200130130041787.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200130130041787.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200128143949287.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200128144434276.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200128152918451.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3d5X2hoeHg=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200128153151226.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200128153151226.png
[20200129105104724.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200129105104724.png
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