Django REST framework教程——快速搭建项目

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2023-06-16 08:18 109阅读 0赞

Django REST framework

[文档/教程][Link 1]

快速搭建项目，简单展示一下如何使用django rest framework  
我们将创建一个简单的API，能看到用户和组。

# 创建项目文件夹
    mkdir tutorial
    cd tutorial
    
    # 创建环境并进入
    python -m venv env
    # win环境，linux source activate env
    .\env\Scripts\activate.bat
    
    # 安装包
    pip install django
    pip install djangorestframework
    
    # 开启django项目，并创建了一个django-app
    django-admin startproject tutorial
    cd tutorial
    django-admin startapp quickstart
    cd ..
    
    
    # 第一次同步数据库
    python manage.py migrate
    # 创建超级账户，admin 密码 password123
    python manage.py createsuperuser --email admin@example.com --username admin

创建文件 `tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py`

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
    from rest_framework import serializers
    
    # User Group 应该是django自带的表结构，这里直接使用django自带的
    
    class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = User  
            fields = ['url', 'username', 'email', 'groups']
    
    
    class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = Group 
            fields = ['url', 'name']

HyperlinkedModelSerializer 是超链接关系，还有主键和其他的各种关系，现在可以不必纠结这里，先继续往下做，后续学习再进行补充。

创建 `tutorial/quickstart/views.py`

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
    from rest_framework import viewsets
    from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
    
    # 这里就是熟悉的django的views
    class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
        """ API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited. """
        queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined') # 排序查询集
        serializer_class = UserSerializer    # 这是我们上面写的辣个类
    
    
    class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
        """ API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited. """
        queryset = Group.objects.all()
        serializer_class = GroupSerializer

创建 `tutorial/urls.py`

from django.urls import include, path
    from rest_framework import routers
    from tutorial.quickstart import views
    
    router = routers.DefaultRouter()
    router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
    router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
    
    # Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
    # Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
    urlpatterns = [
        path('', include(router.urls)),
        path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
    ]

`tutorial/settings.py`

# 设置分页
    REST_FRAMEWORK = { 
        'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
        'PAGE_SIZE': 10
    }
    
    # 添加app
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        ...
        'rest_framework',
    ]

测试我们的API

# 启动程序
    python manage.py runserver
    
    # 浏览器访问
    http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/

注意右上角的 `Login` 点击登录刚刚的账号

如果可以，说明我们的配置没有问题

系列教程  
[快速启动][Link 2]  
[1-序列化][1-]  
[2-请求与相应][2-]  
[3-基于类的views][3-_views]  
[4-身份验证和权限][4-]  
[5-关系和超链接API][5-_API]  
[6-视图和路由][6-]

[Link 1]: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/#project-setup
[Link 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/sunt2018/article/details/103241355
[1-]: https://blog.csdn.net/sunt2018/article/details/103252879
[2-]: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/2-requests-and-responses/#tutorial-2-requests-and-responses
[3-_views]: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/3-class-based-views/
[4-]: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/4-authentication-and-permissions/
[5-_API]: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/5-relationships-and-hyperlinked-apis/
[6-]: https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/6-viewsets-and-routers/