ElasticSearch7.2简单命令实操(postman版)

待我称王封你为后i 2023-06-12 08:59 37阅读 0赞

# 使用postman访问操作ElasticSearch数据库，数据格式均为json #

### **目录** ###

一、集群设置

二、索引操作-index

三、映射操作-mapping

四、文档操作-doc

五、搜索

六、分词器

--------------------

## 一、集群设置 ##

**1、查看集群设置**

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_cluster/settings

**2、修改集群设置-自动创建索引**

当auto\_create\_index=false时，指定⼀个不存在的索引，新增文档会报错。  
        当auto\_create\_index=true时，指定⼀个不存在的索引，新增⽂档成功，并且会创建这个不存在的索引

PUT http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_cluster/settings
    {
    	"persistent": {
    		"action.auto_create_index": "false"
    	 }
    }

## 二、索引操作-index ##

**1、创建索引**

PUT http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba
    {
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "team_name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "position": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "play_year": {
                    "type": "long"
                },
                "jerse_no": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                }
            }
        }
    }

**2、获取索引**

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba

**3、关闭索引**

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_close

**4、删除索引**

DELETE http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/

## 三、映射操作-mapping ##

**1、创建映射**

PUT http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_mapping
    {
    	"properties": {
    		"name": {
    			"type": "text"
    		 },
    		"team_name": {
    			"type": "text"
    		 },
    		"position": {
    			"type": "keyword"
    		 },
    		"play_year": {
    			"type": "keyword"
    		 },
    		"jerse_no": {
    			"type": "keyword"
    		 },
    		 "country":{
    		 	"type": "keyword"
    		 }
    	 }
    }

**2、获取映射**

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_mapping

## 四、文档操作-doc ##

**1、新增文档-指定ID**

PUT http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_doc/3
    {
        "name": "詹姆斯",
        "team_name": "湖⼈",
        "position": "⼩前锋",
        "play_year": 15,
        "jerse_no": "23"
    }

**2、新增文档-不指定ID**

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_doc
    {
    	"name":"哈登",
    	"team_name":"⽕箭",
    	"position":"得分后卫",
    	"play_year":"10",
    	"jerse_no":"13",
    	"country":"庞各庄"
    }

**3、获取文档-byId**

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_doc/1

**4、新增文档-指定操作类型**

生产过程当中根据业务去添加指定类型，防止数据重复，保证数据唯一性

PUT http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_doc/1?op_type=create
    {
    	"name":"哈登",
    	"team_name":"⽕箭",
    	"position":"得分后卫",
    	"play_year":"10",
    	"jerse_no":"13"
    }

**5、获取文档-all**

方式1：
    http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_mget
    {
        "docs": [
            {
                "_index": "nba",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1"
            },
            {
                "_index": "nba",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "sBwWSW4BSS1Cuk2FoD69"
            }
        ]
    }
    方式2：
    http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_mget
    {
        "docs": [
            {
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1"
            },
            {
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "2"
            }
        ]
    }
    方式3：
    http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_docs/_mget
    {
        "docs": [
            {
                "_id": "1"
            },
            {
                "_id": "2"
            }
        ]
    }
    方式4：
    http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_docs/_mget
    {
        "ids": [
            "1",
            "sBwWSW4BSS1Cuk2FoD69"
        ]
    }

**6、修改文档-整条数据更新**

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_update/2
    {
        "doc": {
            "name": "库⾥",
            "team_name": "勇⼠",
            "position": "控球后卫",
            "play_year": 10,
            "jerse_no": "30",
            "title": "The best 3-points shooter is Curry!"
        }
    }

**7、新增字段**

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_update/1
    {
        "script": "ctx._source.age = 18"
    }

**8、更新指定文档字段**

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_update/1
    {
        "script": {
            "source": "ctx._source.age += params.age",
            "params": {
                "age": 4
            }
        }
    }

**9、删除字段**

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_update/1
    {
        "script": "ctx._source.remove(\"age\")"
    }

**10、upsert**

upsert 当指定的⽂档不存在时，upsert参数包含的内容将会被插⼊到索引中，作为⼀个  
        新⽂档；如果指定的⽂档存在，ElasticSearch引擎将会执⾏指定的更新逻辑。

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_update/3
    {
        "script": {
            "source": "ctx._source.allstar += params.allstar",
            "params": {
                "allstar": 4
            }
        },
        "upsert": {
            "allstar": 1
        }
    }

**11、删除文档-byId**

DELETE http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_doc/3

## 五、搜索 ##

**1、term(词条)查询-精确查询**

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_search
    词条查询：词条查询不会分析查询条件，只有当词条和查询字符串完全匹配时，才匹配搜索。
    
    单条查询：
    {
        "query": {
            "term": {
                "jerse_no": "23"
            }
        }
    }
    多条查询：
    {
        "query": {
            "terms": {
                "jerse_no": [
                    "23",
                    "13"
                ]
            }
        }
    }

**2、match\_all全文查询-单字段查询**

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_search
    full text(全⽂)查询
    全⽂查询：ElasticSearch引擎会先分析查询字符串，将其拆分成多个分词，只要已分析的字段中包含词条的任意⼀个，或全部包含，就匹配查询条件，返回该⽂档；如果不包含任意⼀个分词，表示没有任何⽂档匹配查询条件。
    注意：每次搜索默认查询出10条，可以通过from和size设定从第几条开始查询初多少条。也就是分页
    
    无条件全量查询：
    {
        "query": {
            "match_all": {}
        },
        "from": 0,
        "size": 100
    }
    根据查询条件分词查询：
    {
        "query": {
            "match": {
                "name": "库baby"
            }
        },
        "from": 0,
        "size": 100
    }

**3、multi\_match全文查询-多字段查询**

一个参数在多个字段中查询，字段拼接为or，非and。也就是 title='shooter' or name='shooter'

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_search
    {
        "query": {
            "multi_match": {
                "query": "shooter",
                "fields": [
                    "title",
                    "name"
                ]
            }
        }
    }

**4、match\_phrase(词条)-精确查询**

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_search
    {
        "query": {
            "match_phrase": {
                "position": "得分后"
            }
        }
    }

**5、match\_phrase\_prefix(词条)-左前缀查询**

GET http://elasticsearch-1:9200/nba/_search
    {
        "query": {
            "match_phrase_prefix": {
                "title": "the best s"
            }
        }
    }

## 六、分词器 ##

**1、standard-analyzer：默认,标准分词器**

标准分析器是默认分词器，如果未指定，则使⽤该分词器。

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_analyze
    {
        "analyzer": "standard",
        "text": "The best 3-points shooter is Curry!"
    }

**2、simple-analyzer：简单分词器**

simple 分析器当它遇到只要不是字⺟的字符，就将⽂本解析成term，⽽且所有的term都是⼩写的。

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_analyze
    {
        "analyzer": "simple",
        "text": "The best 3-points shooter is Curry!"
    }

**3、whitespace-analyzer：空白字符分词器**

whitespace 分析器，当它遇到空⽩字符时，就将⽂本解析成terms

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_analyze
    {
        "analyzer": "whitespace",
        "text": "The best 3-points shooter is Curry!"
    }

**4、stop-analyzer**

stop 分析器 和 simple分析器很像，唯⼀不同的是，stop分析器增加了对删除停⽌词的⽀持，默认使⽤了english停⽌词  
        stopwords 预定义的停⽌词列表，⽐如 (the,a,an,this,of,at)等等

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_analyze
    {
        "analyzer": "stop",
        "text": "The best 3-points shooter is Curry!"
    }

**5、language-analyzer：语言分词器**

（特定的语⾔的分词器，⽐如说，english，英语分词器),内置语⾔：arabic, armenian,basque, bengali, brazilian, bulgarian,            catalan, cjk, czech, danish, dutch, english, finnish,french, galician, german, greek, hindi, hungarian, indonesian, irish,                   italian, latvian,lithuanian, norwegian, persian, portuguese, romanian,russian, sorani, spanish,swedish, turkish, thai）

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_analyze
    {
        "analyzer": "english",
        "text": "The best 3-points shooter is Curry!"
    }

**6、pattern-analyzer：正则分词器**

⽤正则表达式来将⽂本分割成terms，默认的正则表达式是\\W+（⾮单词字符）

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_analyze
    {
        "analyzer": "pattern",
        "text": "The best 3-points shooter is Curry!"
    }

**7、IK-analyzer：推荐使用**

POST http://elasticsearch-1:9200/_analyze
    {
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "text": "2019年双十一再一次证明中国老百姓的财富时取之不尽用之不竭的"
    }

**8、创建索引时-设置分词器**

PUT http://elasticsearch-1:9200/analyzer_index
    {
        "settings": {
            "analysis": {
                "analyzer": {
                    "my_analyzer": {
                        "type": "whitespace"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "team_name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "position": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "play_year": {
                    "type": "long"
                },
                "jerse_no": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                },
                "title": {
                    "type": "text",
                    "analyzer": "my_analyzer"
                }
            }
        }
    }