maven安装部署与常规操作

谁借莪１个温暖的怀抱￠ 2023-06-09 15:22 49阅读 0赞

### 一、概述 ###

Maven是基于项目对象模型(POM project object model)，可以通过一小段描述信息（配置）来管理项目的构建，报告和文档的软件项目管理工具。

Maven的核心功能便是合理叙述项目间的依赖关系，通俗点讲，就是通过pom.xml文件的配置获取jar包，而不用手动去添加jar包；如果需要使用pom.xml来获取jar包，那么首先该项目就必须为maven项目，maven项目可以这样去想，就是在java项目或web项目的上面包裹了一层maven，本质上java项目还是java项目，web项目还是web项目，但是包裹了maven之后，就可以使用maven提供的一些功能了(通过pom.xml添加jar包)。

### 二、安装 ###

http://maven.apache.org download

[root@jenkins ~]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.6.0/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.0-bin.tar.gz

解压到指定的安装目录中

[root@jenkins ~]# tar xf apache-maven-3.6.0-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

检查一下 `JAVA` 的环境

[root@jenkins ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME
    /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_192

把 `maven` 安装路径下的 `bin` 目录添加到 `$PATH` 中

[root@jenkins ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/maven.sh
    v

使刚才的配置立刻生效，要想所有用户的环境都生效，需要重启系统

[root@jenkins ~]# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh

检查 `maven` 的版本信息，以便验证安装和配置正确

[root@jenkins ~]# mvn -v
    Apache Maven 3.5.4 (1edded0938998edf8bf061f1ceb3cfdeccf443fe; 2018-06-18T02:33:14+08:00)
    Maven home: /usr/local/apache-maven-3.5.4
    Java version: 1.8.0_171, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_171/jre
    Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
    OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

### 三、创建maven项目 ###

#### 实例1 ####

bogon:~ meteor$ mkdir maven
    bogon:~ meteor$ cd maven
    bogon:maven meteor$ mkdir -p src/{ test,main/java/yeecall/com/maven}
    bogon:maven meteor$ vim pom.xml
    bogon:maven meteor$ cat pom.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      // 通过groupId 、artifactId 、version三个属性来定位一个jar
      <groupId>yeecall.com.maven</groupId>  //包名(项目名，以字母开头)
      <artifactId>maven01-ch</artifactId>     //模块名
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>     //版本
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      </properties>
    </project>
    bogon:maven meteor$
    bogon:maven meteor$ vim src/main/java/yeecall/com/maven/HelloMaven.java
    bogon:maven meteor$ cat src/main/java/yeecall/com/maven/HelloMaven.java
    package yeecall.com.maven;
    public class HelloMaven
    { 
        public String sayHello(String name){ 
            return "hello:"+name;
        }
    }
    bogon:maven meteor$
    bogon:maven meteor$ ls
    pom.xml  src
    bogon:maven meteor$ mvn compile    # 使用maven将*.java包编译成 *.class的类
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven01-ch 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/meteor/maven/src/main/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/meteor/maven/target/classes
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 1.491 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-29T14:40:26+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 13M/155M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

**在以上构建编译过程中，假如出现：**

No compiler is provided in this environment. Perhaps you are running on a JRE rather than a JDK?

那么你安装 java 的方式，可能是使用 yum 安装的，那么还需要安装

yum install java-devel

编译成功后，查看结果

bogon:maven meteor$ ls
    pom.xml  src  target
    bogon:maven meteor$ ls target/classes/yeecall/com/maven/  #查看编译结果，如下：
    HelloMaven.class

测试刚才的程序

bogon:maven meteor$ ls src/test/
    bogon:maven meteor$
    bogon:maven meteor$ mkdir -p src/test/java/yeecall/com/maven/
    
    # 编写一个测试程序
    bogon:maven meteor$ vim src/test/java/yeecall/com/maven/TestHelloMaven.java
    bogon:maven meteor$ cat src/test/java/yeecall/com/maven/TestHelloMaven.java
    package yeecall.com.maven;
    import org.junit.*;
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    public class TestHelloMaven
    { 
        @Test
        public void testSayHello() { 
            HelloMaven hm = new HelloMaven();
            String str = hm.sayHello("maven");
            assertEquals(str,"hello:maven");  // 判断两个对象是否相同
        }
    }
    bogon:maven meteor$

bogon:maven meteor$ vim pom.xml
    bogon:maven meteor$ cat pom.xml  #由于测试单元调用了junit模块，测试单元依赖junit包，依赖关系在pom.xml中定义如下：
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>yeecall.com.maven</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven01-ch</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      </properties>
    </project>
    bogon:maven meteor$
    bogon:maven meteor$ mvn test  #运行测试单元
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven01-ch 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/meteor/maven/src/main/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/meteor/maven/target/classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/meteor/maven/src/test/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/meteor/maven/target/test-classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Surefire report directory: /Users/meteor/maven/target/surefire-reports
    -------------------------------------------------------
     T E S T S
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Running yeecall.com.maven.TestHelloMaven
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.086 sec
    Results :
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 2.715 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-29T14:54:32+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 15M/168M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    bogon:maven meteor$
    bogon:maven meteor$ ls target/
    classessurefire-reports
    maven-statustest-classes
    bogon:maven meteor$ ls target/surefire-reports/  #查看测试报告文件
    TEST-yeecall.com.maven.TestHelloMaven.xml
    yeecall.com.maven.TestHelloMaven.txt
    bogon:maven meteor$ cat target/surefire-reports/yeecall.com.maven.TestHelloMaven.txt  #测试报告内容如下：
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Test set: yeecall.com.maven.TestHelloMaven
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.086 sec
    bogon:maven meteor$
    bogon:maven meteor$ mvn clean   #清空
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven01-ch 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Deleting /Users/meteor/maven/target
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 0.361 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-29T15:01:05+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 6M/123M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    bogon:maven meteor$ ls
    pom.xml src
    bogon:maven meteor$

测试成功完成后，就可以编译打包了

bogon:maven meteor$ mvn package   # 编译并打包的命令
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven01-ch 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/meteor/maven/src/main/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/meteor/maven/target/classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/meteor/maven/src/test/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/meteor/maven/target/test-classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Surefire report directory: /Users/meteor/maven/target/surefire-reports
    -------------------------------------------------------
     T E S T S
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Running yeecall.com.maven.TestHelloMaven
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.083 sec
    Results :
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Building jar: /Users/meteor/maven/target/maven01-ch-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 3.114 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-29T15:02:47+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 17M/207M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    bogon:maven meteor$ ls target/maven01-ch-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar  #验证打包结果，如下：
    target/maven01-ch-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
    bogon:maven meteor$
    bogon:maven meteor$ mvn install    #将打包输出的*.jar包推到本机的本地仓库中，如下所示：
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven01-ch 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/meteor/maven/src/main/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/meteor/maven/src/test/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Surefire report directory: /Users/meteor/maven/target/surefire-reports
    -------------------------------------------------------
     T E S T S
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Running yeecall.com.maven.TestHelloMaven
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.096 sec
    Results :
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ maven01-ch ---
    [INFO] Installing /Users/meteor/maven/target/maven01-ch-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to /Users/meteor/.m2/repository/yeecall/com/maven/maven01-ch/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven01-ch-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
    [INFO] Installing /Users/meteor/maven/pom.xml to /Users/meteor/.m2/repository/yeecall/com/maven/maven01-ch/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven01-ch-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 2.658 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-29T15:10:28+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 12M/220M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    # 验证本地仓库中的包，如下：
    bogon:maven meteor$ ls ~/.m2/repository/yeecall/com/maven/maven01-ch/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven01-ch-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
    /Users/meteor/.m2/repository/yeecall/com/maven/maven01-ch/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven01-ch-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
    bogon:maven meteor$

#### 实例2 ####

在同一个项目中创建第二个模块，并调用HelloMaven模块，如下：

bogon:~ meteor$ mkdir -p maven02-ch/src/{ test,main}/java/yeecall/com/maven/ch02
    bogon:~ meteor$ vim maven02-ch/src/main/java/yeecall/com/maven/ch02/Hello.java
    bogon:~ meteor$ cat maven02-ch/src/main/java/yeecall/com/maven/ch02/Hello.java
    package yeecall.com.maven.ch02;
    import yeecall.com.maven.HelloMaven;
    public class Hello
    { 
        public String say(String name){ 
            HelloMaven hm = new HelloMaven();
            return hm.sayHello(name);
        }
    }
    bogon:~ meteor$ vim maven02-ch/pom.xml
    bogon:~ meteor$ cat maven02-ch/pom.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>yeecall.com.maven</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven02-ch</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>4.12</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>yeecall.com.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven01-ch</artifactId>
          <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      </properties>
    </project>
    bogon:~ meteor$

bogon:~ meteor$ cd maven02-ch
    bogon:maven02-ch meteor$ mvn compile  #在编译本项目时它会引用maven01-ch中的HelloMaven类，如果maven01-ch没有执行mvn install，在本项目编译时会提示无法找到相关jar包，抛出异常
    [INFO] Scanning for projects...          # 说明 mvn install 是将打包后的*.jar包 push到 本地仓库中，以便其它模块或项目在pom.xml文件中引用
    [INFO]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Building maven02-ch 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven02-ch ---
    [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/meteor/maven/maven02-ch/src/main/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven02-ch ---
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/meteor/maven/maven02-ch/target/classes
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 2.251 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-29T15:34:44+08:00
    [INFO] Final Memory: 14M/210M
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    bogon:maven02-ch meteor$

### 小结 ###

mvn compile 命令会根据 pom.xml 中定义的dependencies 依赖，去maven 中心下载相关的包并进行编译，将编译后的文件放在 target/classes/目录中；

mvn test 命令会根据test目录中定义的测试文件对类进行编译测试，并把生成的测试报告存放在target/surefire-reports/目录中；

mvn clean 命令清除target 目录

mvn package 命令生成相关的jar包存放在 target目录中

mvn install 命令将生成的\*.jar包复制到本地库中(默认的本地仓库位置在~/.m2/repository/)

**自动生成 pom.xml**

mvn archetype:generate
    mvn archetype:generate -D groupId=yeecall.com.maven -D artifactId=maven03-ch -D version=0.0.1 - SNAPSHOT

**mvn repository**  
1、**本地工厂(仓库)的位置**

bogon:conf meteor$ pwd
    /opt/apache-maven-3.3.9/conf
    bogon:conf meteor$ grep "localRepository" settings.xml
        <!-- localRepository
        <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
    bogon:conf meteor$

2、**中央repository**

bogon:lib meteor$ pwd
    /opt/apache-maven-3.3.9/lib
    bogon:lib meteor$ ls maven-model-builder-3.3.9.jar
    maven-model-builder-3.3.9.jar
    bogon:lib meteor$ 解压maven-model-builder-3.3.9.jar包，中央仓库的位置在 org/apache/maven/model/pom-4.0.0.xml 文件中定义
    <repositories>
    ...
    </repositories>