【Spring Cloud 基础设施搭建系列】Spring Cloud Demo项目 Spring Boot Test集成测试环境搭建

落日映苍穹つ 2023-05-30 06:19 53阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  集成测试
     *  @SpringBootTest的集成测试
     *  Spring Boot Test集成测试环境搭建
     *  参考
     *  源代码

## 集成测试 ##

集成测试（Integration Testing，缩写为INT）将多个模块结合在一起进行测试，确保多个组件可以正确交互。当它失败表示你的各个代码块间无法有效协作。

集成测试可以是下面其中一项：

*  测试两个或多个类之间的交互。
 *  包含多层的测试。包括业务服务和持久层之间的交互。
 *  包含整个应用程序整个路径的测试。在这些测试中，我们向应用程序发送一个请求，并检查它是否正确响应并根据我们的期望更改了数据库状态。

## @SpringBootTest的集成测试 ##

Spring Boot提供了@SpringBootTest注释，可用于创建一个的application context上下文，这个application context中的对象(比如server层，dao层的对象)都是被Spring真实管理的，并不是通过mock方式虚拟出来的。但是请注意，过度使用@SpringBootTest 可能会导致测试的运行时间很长。

事实上，我们应该用更多的单元测试去覆盖我们的代码，因为在自动化测试的金字塔中，单元测试的占比应该是最大的，在单元测试中，我们可以手动创建需要测试的对象，然后通过Stub和Mock来模拟这些外部依赖的对象。比如测试Controller层的时候，我们可以把service层Mock掉，测试service层的时候我们可以把dao层Mock掉。尽可能多的单元测试来代替集成测试，因为使用集成测试需要Spring在每次启动测试时都启动整个应用程序上下文，会导致自动化测试的运行时间过长。而且一旦应用程序变大，Spring需要花更多的时间，因为Spring必须将越来越多的bean加载到应用程序上下文中。

我个人认为应该把每个测试的方法拆分的更加细,不是简单从请求到DB的流程,而是应该专注你需要测试的业务逻辑，可以把依赖的接口或者不是你关注重点的依赖数据都可以Mock和Stub掉。用更多的单元测试去覆盖，这样一方面可以减少自动化测试的运行时间，因为不需要启动整个应用程序上下文，而且更加能保证代码的质量。

当然，对于需要覆盖从传入请求到数据库的整个Spring Boot应用程序的测试，或者需要测试到与数据库交互或者业务服务和持久层之间交互的，我们可以并且应该使用@SpringBootTest。

## Spring Boot Test集成测试环境搭建 ##

1.  首先我这里提取了一个专门测试用的module，用来放跟测试有关的common类，还有管理测试相关的依赖包
2.  我们加入测试需要的依赖。

<dependency>
                <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
                <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.github.javafaker</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafaker</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.cc.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>cloud-common</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>

并在parent pom文件中管理依赖的版本。

<dependency>
                    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
                    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
                    <version>2.4.0</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.github.javafaker</groupId>
                    <artifactId>javafaker</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
                    <version>2.9.7</version>
                </dependency>

下面介绍一下上面的一些依赖的作用。

*  json-path 是json解析工具，当我们测试controller层的时候，可以很方便的解析并测试我们返回的json数据。
 *  javafaker是测试造数据的神器，可以帮我们生成姓名，地址之类的测试数据。
 *  cloud-common 这个是我抽取的一些common需要用到的类或者依赖。
 *  spring-tx和jackson-databind和spring-boot-starter-web是我们一会抽取测试基类的时候会用到的依赖。

1.  抽取测试基类

package com.cc.cloud.test.common;
    
    import com.github.javafaker.Faker;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
    import org.junit.Ignore;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
    
    
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @ActiveProfiles({ "test"})
    @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)//目录层次结构与主类一致，classes属性可以不指定启动类
    @FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING) //JUnit中按照字母顺序执行测试
    @Transactional //@Transactional 注释标签是表明此测试类的事务启用，这样所有的测试方案都会自动的rollback,即不用自己清除自己所做的任何对数据库的变更了
    @Ignore
    public abstract class IntegrationTestBase { 
    
        private Faker faker;
    
        public Faker getFaker() { 
            return this.faker;
        }
    
        @Before
        public void initIntegrationTestBase() { 
            this.faker = new Faker();
        }
    }

这里抽取了一个测试的基类IntegrationTestBase，用于所有的集成测试的基类。

然后下面有抽取了一个测试的基类，继承了IntegrationTestBase。用于所有Controller层测试的基类。

package com.cc.cloud.test.common;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Ignore;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    @Ignore
    public abstract class ControllerTestBase extends IntegrationTestBase { 
        @Autowired
        private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
        private ObjectMapper jsonMapper;
    
        @Before
        public void initControllerTestBase() { 
            this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
            this.jsonMapper = new ObjectMapper().setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
        }
    
        public MockMvc getMockMvc() { 
            return this.mockMvc;
        }
    
        public ObjectMapper getJsonMapper() { 
            return this.jsonMapper;
        }
    }

1.  Spring Boot Test集成测试的配置。

我们创建一个bootstrap-test.yml文件，首先为什么是这个命名呢，因为我们前面指定了`@ActiveProfiles({"test"})`,所以我们profiles指定了test，所以后缀需要加上test。但是为什么不是application-test.yml文件呢？因为我试过在application-test.yml配置，但是发现测试运行是报错的。

21:24:06.698 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner - SpringJUnit4ClassRunner constructor called with [class com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:06.719 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate from class [org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate]
    21:24:06.760 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating BootstrapContext using constructor [public org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultBootstrapContext(java.lang.Class,org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate)]
    21:24:06.858 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils - Instantiating TestContextBootstrapper for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest] from class [org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper]
    21:24:06.907 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest], using SpringBootContextLoader
    21:24:06.916 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Did not detect default resource location for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]: class path resource [com/cc/cloud/member/controller/MemberControllerTest-context.xml] does not exist
    21:24:06.919 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Did not detect default resource location for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]: class path resource [com/cc/cloud/member/controller/MemberControllerTestContext.groovy] does not exist
    21:24:06.919 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Could not detect default resource locations for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]: no resource found for suffixes { -context.xml, Context.groovy}.
    21:24:06.922 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoaderUtils - Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]: MemberControllerTest does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.
    21:24:07.471 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider - Identified candidate component class: file [C:\Users\c\Desktop\spring-cloud-demo\cloud-service-member\target\classes\com\cc\cloud\member\MemberApp.class]
    21:24:07.473 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Found @SpringBootConfiguration com.cc.cloud.member.MemberApp for test class com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest
    21:24:08.010 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - @TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]: using defaults.
    21:24:08.011 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]
    21:24:08.116 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@57d7f8ca, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@76c3e77a, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener@78123e82, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@67c33749, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@fba92d3, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@662b4c69, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@fa49800, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener@71238fc2, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.restdocs.RestDocsTestExecutionListener@2a54a73f, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener@16a0ee18, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener@3d6f0054, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverTestExecutionListener@505fc5a4]
    21:24:08.121 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved @ProfileValueSourceConfiguration [null] for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:08.122 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved ProfileValueSource type [class org.springframework.test.annotation.SystemProfileValueSource] for class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]21:24:08.142 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved @ProfileValueSourceConfiguration [null] for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:08.142 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved ProfileValueSource type [class org.springframework.test.annotation.SystemProfileValueSource] for class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]21:24:08.151 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved @ProfileValueSourceConfiguration [null] for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:08.151 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved ProfileValueSource type [class org.springframework.test.annotation.SystemProfileValueSource] for class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:08.153 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved @ProfileValueSourceConfiguration [null] for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:08.153 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved ProfileValueSource type [class org.springframework.test.annotation.SystemProfileValueSource] for class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:08.214 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener - Before test class: context [DefaultTestContext@21e360a testClass = MemberControllerTest, testInstance = [null], testMethod = [null], testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [WebMergedContextConfiguration@5ba3f27a testClass = MemberControllerTest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class com.cc.cloud.member.MemberApp}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{test}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true, server.port=0}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@226a82c4, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@6b53e23f, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@15bb6bea, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@45f45fa1], resourceBasePath = 'src/main/webapp', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map['org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.activateListener' -> false]], class annotated with @DirtiesContext [false] with mode [null].
    21:24:08.215 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved @ProfileValueSourceConfiguration [null] for test class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:08.215 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.annotation.ProfileValueUtils - Retrieved ProfileValueSource type [class org.springframework.test.annotation.SystemProfileValueSource] for class [com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest]
    21:24:08.276 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener - Performing dependency injection for test context [[DefaultTestContext@21e360a testClass = MemberControllerTest, testInstance = com.cc.cloud.member.controller.MemberControllerTest@434a63ab, testMethod = [null], testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [WebMergedContextConfiguration@5ba3f27a testClass = MemberControllerTest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class com.cc.cloud.member.MemberApp}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{test}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true, server.port=0}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@226a82c4, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@6b53e23f, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@15bb6bea, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@45f45fa1], resourceBasePath = 'src/main/webapp', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map['org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.activateListener' -> false]]].
    21:24:08.335 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.TestPropertySourceUtils - Adding inlined properties to environment: { spring.jmx.enabled=false, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true, server.port=0}
    2019-11-07 21:24:14.632  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.retry.annotation.RetryConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.retry.annotation.RetryConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$e4319f5] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
    2019-11-07 21:24:14.666  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.ConfigurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.ConfigurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$349984cd] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
    2019-11-07 21:24:19.171  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] o.s.cloud.commons.util.InetUtils         : Cannot determine local hostname
    2019-11-07 21:24:19.195  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] o.s.c.n.eureka.InstanceInfoFactory       : Setting initial instance status as: STARTING
    2019-11-07 21:24:19.297  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient    : Initializing Eureka in region us-east-1
    2019-11-07 21:24:21.815  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] c.n.d.provider.DiscoveryJerseyProvider   : Using JSON encoding codec LegacyJacksonJson
    2019-11-07 21:24:21.816  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] c.n.d.provider.DiscoveryJerseyProvider   : Using JSON decoding codec LegacyJacksonJson
    2019-11-07 21:24:22.035  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] c.n.d.provider.DiscoveryJerseyProvider   : Using XML encoding codec XStreamXml
    2019-11-07 21:24:22.035  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] c.n.d.provider.DiscoveryJerseyProvider   : Using XML decoding codec XStreamXml
    2019-11-07 21:24:22.562  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver      : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
    2019-11-07 21:24:24.749  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient    : Disable delta property : false
    2019-11-07 21:24:24.749  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient    : Single vip registry refresh property : null
    2019-11-07 21:24:24.749  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient    : Force full registry fetch : false
    2019-11-07 21:24:24.749  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient    : Application is null : false
    2019-11-07 21:24:24.750  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient    : Registered Applications size is zero : true
    2019-11-07 21:24:24.750  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient    : Application version is -1: true
    2019-11-07 21:24:24.750  INFO [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient    : Getting all instance registry info from the eureka server
    2019-11-07 21:24:28.885 ERROR [cloud-service-member,,,] 1552 --- [           main] c.n.d.s.t.d.RedirectingEurekaHttpClient  : Request execution error. endpoint=DefaultEndpoint{  serviceUrl='http://localhost:8888/eureka/}
    
    com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientHandlerException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
    	at com.sun.jersey.client.apache4.ApacheHttpClient4Handler.handle(ApacheHttpClient4Handler.java:187) ~[jersey-apache-client4-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    	at com.sun.jersey.api.client.filter.GZIPContentEncodingFilter.handle(GZIPContentEncodingFilter.java:123) ~[jersey-client-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.EurekaIdentityHeaderFilter.handle(EurekaIdentityHeaderFilter.java:27) ~[eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client.handle(Client.java:652) ~[jersey-client-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    	at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource.handle(WebResource.java:682) ~[jersey-client-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    	at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource.access$200(WebResource.java:74) ~[jersey-client-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    	at com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource$Builder.get(WebResource.java:509) ~[jersey-client-1.19.1.jar:1.19.1]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.jersey.AbstractJerseyEurekaHttpClient.getApplicationsInternal(AbstractJerseyEurekaHttpClient.java:194) ~[eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.jersey.AbstractJerseyEurekaHttpClient.getApplications(AbstractJerseyEurekaHttpClient.java:165) ~[eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator$6.execute(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:137) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.MetricsCollectingEurekaHttpClient.execute(MetricsCollectingEurekaHttpClient.java:73) ~[eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator.getApplications(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:134) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator$6.execute(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:137) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.RedirectingEurekaHttpClient.executeOnNewServer(RedirectingEurekaHttpClient.java:118) ~[eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.RedirectingEurekaHttpClient.execute(RedirectingEurekaHttpClient.java:79) ~[eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator.getApplications(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:134) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator$6.execute(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:137) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.RetryableEurekaHttpClient.execute(RetryableEurekaHttpClient.java:120) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator.getApplications(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:134) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator$6.execute(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:137) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.SessionedEurekaHttpClient.execute(SessionedEurekaHttpClient.java:77) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.decorator.EurekaHttpClientDecorator.getApplications(EurekaHttpClientDecorator.java:134) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.getAndStoreFullRegistry(DiscoveryClient.java:1051) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.fetchRegistry(DiscoveryClient.java:965) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.<init>(DiscoveryClient.java:414) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient.<init>(DiscoveryClient.java:269) [eureka-client-1.9.8.jar:1.9.8]
    	at org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.CloudEurekaClient.<init>(CloudEurekaClient.java:63) [spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client-2.1.0.RC2.jar:2.1.0.RC2]
    	at org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EurekaClientAutoConfiguration$EurekaClientConfiguration.eurekaClient(EurekaClientAutoConfiguration.java:249) [spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client-2.1.0.RC2.jar:2.1.0.RC2]
    	at org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EurekaClientAutoConfiguration$EurekaClientConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$983fd3cd.CGLIB$eurekaClient$2(<generated>) [spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client-2.1.0.RC2.jar:2.1.0.RC2]
    	at org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EurekaClientAutoConfiguration$EurekaClientConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$983fd3cd$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$593f1583.invoke(<generated>) [spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client-2.1.0.RC2.jar:2.1.0.RC2]
    	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:244) [spring-core-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:5.1.3.RELEASE]

这是为什么呢？因为我们测试的这个微服务中配置了spring config client,并且我们已经把我们的配置抽取到了远程的配置中心了。所以当启动测试服务的时候，会先读取bootstrap.yml，然后连接eureka服务，找到config server，然后config client请求config server去读取远程的配置。 但是由于我们的eureka和config server在测试环境下都是没有启动的，自然就会出现连接错误的问题。

这种时候我们需要怎么解决呢？我的解决方法如下：

因为当我们设置了profiles为test的时候，其实会先读取bootstrap.yml然后再读取bootstrap-test.yml，而且后面的配置会覆盖前面的配置。最后结合这两个配置去启动服务。所以我们可以在bootstrap-test.yml去设置关闭我们的eureka还有config client。

下面给我的配置：

spring:
      datasource:
        druid:
          # jdbc:h2:mem:指定databaseName; 内存模式
          # DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1 关闭连接后数据库将被清空，适合测试环境
          # MODE=MYSQL 兼容模式为MYSQL
          # DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE VM存在时不关闭数据库
          url: jdbc:h2:mem:member_service_db;MODE=MYSQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
          username: sa
          password: sa
          driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
        platform: h2
        # schema: classpath:schema.sql //程序运行时，使用schema.sql来创建数据库中的表
        data: classpath:/db/init-data.sql # 程序运行时，使用data.sql来创建初始数据
    
      jpa:
        database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
        database: h2
        show-sql: true
        hibernate:
          ddl-auto: create-drop # 每次加载hibernate时根据model类生成表，但是sessionFactory一关闭,表就自动删除。
        properties:
          hibernate:
            show_sql: true # 操作数据库时显示sql语句
            use_sql_comments: true # SQL 语句中输出便于调试的注释信息
            format_sql: true
            dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
            jdbc:
              time_zone: UTC
      h2: # 开启h2的控制台
        console:
          enabled: true
          path: /console
          settings:
            trace: false
            web-allow-others: true
      cloud:
        bus:
          enabled: false # 关闭Spring Cloud Bus,关闭连接RabbitMQ
        config:
          enabled: false # disable config
          discovery:
            enabled: false # disable config
        discovery: # disable eureka
          enabled: false
    eureka:
      client:
        enabled: false # disable eureka

1.  Controller测试

package com.cc.cloud.member.controller;
    
    import com.cc.cloud.member.domain.Member;
    import com.cc.cloud.test.common.ControllerTestBase;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
    
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
    
    public class MemberControllerTest extends ControllerTestBase { 
    
        @Test
        public void findAllMembers() throws Exception { 
            this.getMockMvc()
                    .perform(
                            get("/member")
                                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andExpect(status().isOk())
                    .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                    .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value(1))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.message").value("成功"));
        }
    
        @Test
        public void addMember() throws Exception { 
            String name = getFaker().name().fullName();
            Member member = new Member();
            member.setMemberName(name);
            this.getMockMvc()
                    .perform(
                            post("/member")
                                    .content(getJsonMapper().writeValueAsString(member))
                                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)).andExpect(status().isCreated())
                    .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())//输出整个响应结果信息
                    .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value(1))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.message").value("成功"))
                    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.result.memberName").value(name));
        }
    }

1.  service层测试

package com.cc.cloud.member.service.impl;
    
    import com.cc.cloud.member.domain.Member;
    import com.cc.cloud.member.service.MemberService;
    import com.cc.cloud.test.common.IntegrationTestBase;
    import org.junit.Assert;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    
    public class MemberServiceImplTest extends IntegrationTestBase { 
    
        @Autowired
        private MemberService memberService;
    
    
        @Test
        public void testAddMember() { 
            String name = getFaker().name().fullName();
            Member member = new Member();
            member.setMemberName(name);
            Member addMember = memberService.addMember(member);
            Assert.assertEquals(name, addMember.getMemberName());
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testFindAllMembers() { 
            Assert.assertEquals(1, memberService.findAllMembers().size());
        }
    }

具体的配置和代码我这里就不多解释了，有些也加了注释，有兴趣的可以参考下面的参考资料。

## 参考 ##

[自动化测试最佳实践（一）：从纺锤模型到金字塔模型][Link 1]

[Integration Tests with @SpringBootTest][Integration Tests with _SpringBootTest]

[Testing Spring MVC Web Controllers with @WebMvcTest][Testing Spring MVC Web Controllers with _WebMvcTest]

[Spring中文文档翻译Integration Testing(1)][Spring_Integration Testing_1]

[springboot Junit单元测试之坑–@SpringBootTest注解无法加载src/main/resources目录下资源文件][springboot Junit_SpringBootTest_src_main_resources]

[Spring整合Junit4进行单元测试][Spring_Junit4]

[SpringBoot 优雅的进行单元测试][SpringBoot]

[SpringBoot2.X (十四): @SpringBootTest单元测试][SpringBoot2.X _ _SpringBootTest]

[SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA、MySQL、Druid并使用Mockito实现单元测试][SpringBoot_Spring Data JPA_MySQL_Druid_Mockito]

[使用H2Database+Druid连接池+Spring Data JPA+Ehcache实现CRUD操作][H2Database_Druid_Spring Data JPA_Ehcache_CRUD]

[SpringBoot系列(十)单元测试][SpringBoot 1]

[Spring MVC – 单元测试和集成测试][Spring MVC _]

[Springboot 中使用单元测试][Springboot]

[内存数据库－H2简介与实践][H2]

[H2数据库攻略][H2 1]

[H2 Features][]

[How to disable Eureka and Spring Cloud Config in a WebMvcTest?  
][How to disable Eureka and Spring Cloud Config in a WebMvcTest_]

[How to selectively disable Eureka discovery client with Spring?][How to selectively disable Eureka discovery client with Spring]

[使用 Spring 进行单元测试][Spring]

[JUnit中按照顺序执行测试方式][JUnit]

[使用MockMvc进行Junit单元测试][MockMvc_Junit]

[SpringMVC单元测试-MockMvc][SpringMVC_-MockMvc]

[MockMVC - 基于RESTful风格的SpringMVC的测试][MockMVC - _RESTful_SpringMVC]

[Spring Boot 的单元测试和集成测试][Spring Boot]

[Lombok与javaFaker的使用,解放劳动力][Lombok_javaFaker]

[java测试造数据神器JavaFaker][java_JavaFaker]

[使用com.jayway.jsonpath.JsonPath包进行JSON的快速解析、设置值需要注意的性能提升方法][com.jayway.jsonpath.JsonPath_JSON]

[一款好用的json解析工具，JsonPath][json_JsonPath]

## 源代码 ##

[https://gitee.com/cckevincyh/spring-cloud-demo/tree/int-test/][https_gitee.com_cckevincyh_spring-cloud-demo_tree_int-test]

[Link 1]: https://juejin.im/post/5d1abefb51882579e01e93dc
[Integration Tests with _SpringBootTest]: https://reflectoring.io/spring-boot-test/
[Testing Spring MVC Web Controllers with _WebMvcTest]: https://reflectoring.io/spring-boot-web-controller-test/
[Spring_Integration Testing_1]: https://blog.csdn.net/wangyunzhong/article/details/78214591
[springboot Junit_SpringBootTest_src_main_resources]: https://blog.csdn.net/MuErHuoXu/article/details/86750497
[Spring_Junit4]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39781497/article/details/78470279
[SpringBoot]: https://blog.csdn.net/cml_blog/article/details/82820753
[SpringBoot2.X _ _SpringBootTest]: https://blog.csdn.net/fxbin123/article/details/80617754
[SpringBoot_Spring Data JPA_MySQL_Druid_Mockito]: https://blog.csdn.net/hkhhkb/article/details/79789869
[H2Database_Druid_Spring Data JPA_Ehcache_CRUD]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37771475/article/details/86228702
[SpringBoot 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/u012834750/article/details/79317702
[Spring MVC _]: https://www.cnblogs.com/zyly/p/10897894.html
[Springboot]: https://my.oschina.net/zjllovecode/blog/1605981
[H2]: https://juejin.im/entry/59bf83ae6fb9a00a45516ca8
[H2 1]: https://www.cnblogs.com/gao241/p/3480472.html
[H2 Features]: http://www.h2database.com/html/features.html
[How to disable Eureka and Spring Cloud Config in a WebMvcTest_]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44486165/how-to-disable-eureka-and-spring-cloud-config-in-a-webmvctest?rq=1
[How to selectively disable Eureka discovery client with Spring]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35142105/how-to-selectively-disable-eureka-discovery-client-with-spring
[Spring]: https://www.cnblogs.com/liaojie970/p/6222247.html
[JUnit]: https://www.cnblogs.com/nexiyi/p/junit_test_in_order.html
[MockMvc_Junit]: https://blog.csdn.net/zezezuiaiya/article/details/81938441
[SpringMVC_-MockMvc]: https://www.cnblogs.com/ken-jl/p/9724814.html
[MockMVC - _RESTful_SpringMVC]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/91045b0415f0
[Spring Boot]: https://juejin.im/post/5d8d4f3b6fb9a04e161b4f02
[Lombok_javaFaker]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/1848fd8894a9
[java_JavaFaker]: https://blog.csdn.net/wxh1850307107/article/details/90200094
[com.jayway.jsonpath.JsonPath_JSON]: https://www.cnblogs.com/songxingzhu/p/8950003.html
[json_JsonPath]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36795183/article/details/82894525
[https_gitee.com_cckevincyh_spring-cloud-demo_tree_int-test]: https://gitee.com/cckevincyh/spring-cloud-demo/tree/int-test/