x64 Architecture - x86 Architecture - x86-64 - x86_64

旧城等待， 2023-03-13 13:07 42阅读 0赞

# `x64` Architecture - `x86` Architecture - `x86-64` \- `x86_64` #

## 1. uname - print system information ##

Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as `-s`.

`-a, --all`  
print all information, in the following order, except omit `-p` and `-i` if unknown:

yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ uname -a
    Linux yongqiang 4.4.0-17763-Microsoft #864-Microsoft Thu Nov 07 15:22:00 PST 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
    yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

`-m, --machine`  
print the machine hardware name

yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ uname -m
    x86_64
    yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

`-p, --processor`  
print the processor type (non-portable)

yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ uname -p
    x86_64
    yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

`-i, --hardware-platform`  
print the hardware platform (non-portable)

yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ uname -i
    x86_64
    yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

## 2. `x64` Architecture ##

The `x64` architecture is a backwards-compatible extension of `x86`. It provides a legacy 32-bit mode, which is identical to `x86`, and a new 64-bit mode.  
`x64` 体系结构是 `x86` 的向后兼容的扩展。它提供旧的 32 位模式 (这就相当于 `x86`)，以及新的 64 位模式。

The term `x64` includes both AMD 64 and Intel64. The instruction sets are close to identical.  
术语 `x64` 包括 AMD 64 和 Intel64。指令集即将于完全相同。

## 3. `x86` Architecture ##

The Intel `x86` processor uses complex instruction set computer (CISC) architecture, which means there is a modest number of special-purpose registers instead of large quantities of general-purpose registers. It also means that complex special-purpose instructions will predominate.  
Intel x86 处理器使用复杂指令集计算机 (CISC) 体系结构，这意味着有适度数量的专用寄存器，而不是大量通用寄存器。这也意味着复杂的特殊用途指令集将主流。

The `x86` processor traces its heritage at least as far back as the 8-bit Intel 8080 processor. Many peculiarities in the `x86` instruction set are due to the backward compatibility with that processor (and with its Zilog Z-80 variant).  
`x86` 处理器的历史至少可以追溯到 8 位 Intel 8080 处理器。`x86` 指令集的许多特性是由于与该处理器 (及其 Zilog Z-80 变体) 的向后兼容性。

Microsoft Win32 uses the `x86` processor in 32-bit flat mode.  
Microsoft Win32 在 32 位平面模式下使用 `x86` 处理器。

peculiarity [pɪˌkjuːliˈærəti]：n. 特点，特性，怪癖，性状

## 3. `x86-64` ##

`x86-64` is an extension of the `x86` instruction set.

`x86-64` (64-bit extended，`x64`：64位拓展) 是 `x86` 架构的 64 位拓展，向后兼容于 16 位及 32 位的 `x86` 架构。`x64` 于 1999 年由 AMD 设计，AMD 首次公开 64 位指令集以扩展给 `x86`，称为 AMD64。

英特尔称之为 Intel 64，在之前曾使用过 Clackamas Technology (CT)、IA-32e 及 EM64T。

苹果公司和 RPM 包管理员以 `x86-64` 或 `x86_64` 称呼 64 位架构。甲骨文公司及 Microsoft 称之为 `x64`。Linux 发行版则使用 `x64-64`，32位版本则称为 `i386` (`i486/586/686`)，Arch Linux 用 `x86_64` 称呼 64 位架构。

## References ##

[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/x64-architecture][https_docs.microsoft.com_en-us_windows-hardware_drivers_debugger_x64-architecture]

[https_docs.microsoft.com_en-us_windows-hardware_drivers_debugger_x64-architecture]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/x64-architecture