数据库系统原理 - - (3)数据库设计

小灰灰 2023-02-22 10:33 46阅读 0赞

> 感谢内容提供者：[金牛区吴迪软件开发工作室][Link 1]

上一篇：[数据库系统原理 - - (2)关系数据库][- - _2]

### 文章目录 ###

*  三：数据库设计
 *   *  1.数据库设计概念
     *   *   *  1）数据库的生命周期
             *  2）数据库设计的目标
             *  3）数据库设计的内容
             *  4）数据库设计的方法
             *   *   *  a. 直观设计法
                     *  b.规范设计法
                     *  c.计算机辅助设计法
             *  5）数据库设计的过程
     *  2.数据库设计的基本步骤
     *   *   *  1）需求分析
             *   *  需求分析的四个工作步骤：
             *  2）概念结构设计
             *   *  概念模型：
                 *   *  1.实体分析法（自顶向下法）
                     *  2.属性综合法（自底向上法）
             *  3）逻辑结构设计
             *  4）物理设计
             *  5）数据库实施
             *  6）数据库运行与维护
     *  3.关系数据库设计方法
     *   *   *  1）E-R图的表示方法
             *  2）概念结构设计方法
             *   *  a.局部信息结构设计
                 *  b.全局信息结构设计
                 *  c.逻辑结构设计方法
                 *  d.数据模型的优化
                 *  e.设计用户子模式
                 *  f.物理设计方法

# 三：数据库设计 #

## 1.数据库设计概念 ##

#### 1）数据库的生命周期 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

#### 2）数据库设计的目标 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

#### 3）数据库设计的内容 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

#### 4）数据库设计的方法 ####

###### a. 直观设计法 ######

*  最原始的数据库设计方法

###### b.规范设计法 ######

*  新奥尔良设计方法：需求分析、概念结构设计、逻辑结构设计、物理结构设计
 *  基于E-R模型的数据库设计方法
 *  基于第三范式的设计方法，是一类结构化设计方法

###### c.计算机辅助设计法 ######

*  辅助软件工程工具

#### 5）数据库设计的过程 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200702195040293.png]

## 2.数据库设计的基本步骤 ##

#### 1）需求分析 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

##### 需求分析的四个工作步骤： #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

1.  确定数据库范围（数据库的第一项工作）  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]
2.  应用过程分析 -（了解并分析数据与数据处理间的关系）  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]
3.  收集与分析数据  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20200702200932927.png]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]
4.  收集与分析数据（数据约束）  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

#### 2）概念结构设计 ####

##### 概念模型： #####

###### 1.实体分析法（自顶向下法） ######

![在这里插入图片描述][20200702202448735.png]

###### 2.属性综合法（自底向上法） ######

#### 3）逻辑结构设计 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]

#### 4）物理设计 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]

#### 5）数据库实施 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]

#### 6）数据库运行与维护 ####

为了保证数据库的正常运行。  
系统维护中最困难的工作是**数据库重组与重构**。

## 3.关系数据库设计方法 ##

#### 1）E-R图的表示方法 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26]  
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#### 2）概念结构设计方法 ####

##### a.局部信息结构设计 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30]  
数据间的联系必须xxx

属性分为标识属性和说明属性。

##### b.全局信息结构设计 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31]

##### c.逻辑结构设计方法 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 33]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34]

##### d.数据模型的优化 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 35]

##### e.设计用户子模式 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 36]

##### f.物理设计方法 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYwNjE1OA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 37]  
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下一篇：[数据库系统原理 - - (4)SQL与关系数据库基本操作][- - _4_SQL]

[Link 1]: http://wdstudio.top/
[- - _2]: https://wudi98.blog.csdn.net/article/details/108821070
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[- - _4_SQL]: https://wudi98.blog.csdn.net/article/details/108821235