opencv安装教程

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2023-02-21 14:13 25阅读 0赞

# 下载opencv #

下载链接：  
[https://opencv.org/releases/][https_opencv.org_releases]  
如： opencv-4.3.0-vc14\_vc15.exe

# 运行exe #

运行exe（其实是解压），将压缩包解压到相应目录，如：  
`D:\`  
解压后会生成`opencv`文件夹。  
其中build是OpenCV使用时要用到的一些库文件，而sources中则是OpenCV官方为我们提供的一些demo示例源码

# Win+VS #

## 添加环境变量 ##

根据安装目录新建环境变量：

此电脑 - 属性 - 高级系统设置 - 高级 - 环境变量 - 系统变量(s) - path - 双击 - 新建 - `D:\opencv\build\x64\vc15\bin`

## 测试opencv ##

### 新建vs2019工程 ###

如 ：Test。

### 添加静态库和动态库 ###

解决方案管理器 - Test - 右键 - 属性 - 配置属性 - VC++目录 - 平台（x64）

*  包含目录(Include Directories) - `D:\opencv\build\include` 和 `D:\opencv\build\include\opencv2`
 *  库目录(Library Directories) - `D:\opencv\build\x64\vc15\lib`

### 添加动态连接器 ###

打开`D:\opencv\build\x64\vc15\lib`，会看到里边有连接器opencv\_world430d.lib，然后，

解决方案管理器 - Test - 右键 - 属性 - 配置属性 - 链接器 - 输入 - 平台（x64） - 附加依赖项 - `opencv_world430d.lib`  
这一步和include是等价的。

确定。

### 样例 ###

vs2019 Debug x64 环境

#include<iostream>
    #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
    #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
    
    using namespace cv;
    
    int main()
    {
      // 读入一张图片（游戏原画）
      Mat img = imread("C://Users//Administrator//Desktop//test.jpg");
      if (img.empty())
      {
        std::cout << "No image! Maybe the image path is wrong!" << std::endl;
        int i;
        std::cin >> i;
        return 0;
      }
      // 创建一个名为 "游戏原画"窗口
      namedWindow("游戏原画");
      // 在窗口中显示游戏原画
      imshow("游戏原画", img);
      // 等待6000 ms后窗口自动关闭
      waitKey(0);
    }

弹出图片就对了！

# Win+MinGW #

如果QT用的编译器是MinGW，那么则无法编译.lib后缀的库文件，所以需要准备.a后缀的opencv库文件。opencv244版本带有mingw的库文件，但opencv2410以后则没有了。

## 安装QT ##

QT需要的两个模块：  
Qt-Qt5.9-MingGW 5.3.0 32 bit  
Qt-Tools-MinGW 5.3.0

## 安装cmkake ##

略

## 安装opencv ##

步骤如开始部分。

## 添加环境变量 ##

D:\\Qt\\Qt5.14.2\\Tools\\mingw730\_64\\bin  
D:\\Qt\\Qt5.14.2\\5.14.2\\mingw73\_64\\bin

## 编译opencv ##

打开cmake

Where is the source code: D:\opencv\sources
    where to build the binaries: D:\opencv-build

点击 Configure,Yes，选择下列设定:

Specify the generator for this project: MinGW Makefiles
    Specify native compilers, next
    Compilers C: D:/Qt/Qt5.14.2/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/gcc.exe
    Compilers C++: D:/Qt/Qt5.14.2/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/g++.exe
    Finish

set Qt5_DIR to D:\Qt\5.9\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5
    Check the box [X]WITH_QT
    Check the box [X]WITH_OPENGL

点config

Set QT_MAKE_EXECUTABLE to D:\Qt\5.9\mingw53_32\bin\qmake.exe
    Set Qt5Concurrent_DIR to D:\Qt\5.9\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Concurrent
    Set Qt5Core_DIR to D:\Qt\5.9\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Core
    Set Qt5Gui_DIR to D:\Qt\5.9\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Gui
    Set Qt5Test_DIR to D:\Qt\5.9\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Test
    Set Qt5Widgets_DIR to D:\Qt\5.9\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5Widgets
    Set Qt5OpenGL_DIR to D:\Qt\5.9\mingw53_32\lib\cmake\Qt5OpenGL
    Set CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE to Release or RelWithDebInfo
    Set OPENCV_VS_VERSIONINFO_SKIP=1
    Uncheck the box []ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS

点config

点generate

然后编译：

d:
    cd d:\
    cd opencv-build  
    mingw32-make -j 8
    mingw32-make install

mingw32-make -j 8时如果编译出错：

gcc: error: long: No such file or directory
    C:\mingw64\bin\windres.exe: preprocessing failed.
    mingw32-make[2]: *** [modules\core\CMakeFiles\opencv_core.dir\build.make:1506: modules/core/CMakeFiles/opencv_core.dir/vs_version.rc.obj] Error 1
    mingw32-make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
    mingw32-make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:2237: modules/core/CMakeFiles/opencv_core.dir/all] Error 2
    mingw32-make: *** [Makefile:179: all] Error 2

解决方法，在cmake选项中取消该选项：

Uncheck the box []OPENCV_ENABLE_ALLOCATOR_STATS

添加Opencv编译库到环境变量

D:\opencv-build\install\x86\mingw\bin

## 测试 ##

`.pro文件`中添加,注意修改文件路径和库名：

INCLUDEPATH += D:\opencv\build\include
    LIBS += D:\opencv-build\bin\libopencv_*.dll
    
    
    
    #LIBS += D:\opencv-build\bin\libopencv_core320.dll
    #LIBS += D:\opencv-build\bin\libopencv_highgui320.dll
    #LIBS += D:\opencv-build\bin\libopencv_imgcodecs320.dll
    #LIBS += D:\opencv-build\bin\libopencv_imgproc320.dll
    #LIBS += D:\opencv-build\bin\libopencv_features2d320.dll
    #LIBS += D:\opencv-build\bin\libopencv_calib3d320.dll
    
    # more correct variant, how set includepath and libs for mingw
    # add system variable: OPENCV_SDK_DIR=D:/opencv/opencv-build/install
    # read http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qmake-variable-reference.html#libs
    
    #INCLUDEPATH += $$(OPENCV_SDK_DIR)/include
    
    #LIBS += -L$$(OPENCV_SDK_DIR)/x86/mingw/lib \
    #        -lopencv_core320        \
    #        -lopencv_highgui320     \
    #        -lopencv_imgcodecs320   \
    #        -lopencv_imgproc320     \
    #        -lopencv_features2d320  \
    #        -lopencv_calib3d320

`main.cpp`

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
    #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
    
    int main()
    {
        // read an image
        cv::Mat image = cv::imread("C://Users//Administrator//Desktop//timg.jpg", 1);
        // create image window named "My Image"
        cv::namedWindow("My Image");
        // show the image on window
        cv::imshow("My Image", image);
        cv::waitKey(0);
        return 0;
    }

# MAC+Qt #

Mac下只能使用Xcode进行构建。

可以使用`brew install opencv`进行安装opencv，但是github总是被墙，因此使用码云上的opencv源码来构建opencv。

下载opencv源码，打开cmake:

Where is the source code: /Users/cdq/thirdLibrary/opencv
    where to build the binaries: /Users/cdq/thirdLibrary/opencv-build

点击config

再点击config

点generate

cd /Users/cdq/thirdLibrary/opencv
    make -j 8
    sudo make install

安装后的位置是： /usr/local/include，/usr/local/lib，/usr/local/share和/usr/local/bin

`.pro`文件

INCLUDEPATH +=/usr/local/include/opencv4/
    LIBS += /usr/local/lib/libopencv_*.dylib
    
    #LIBS += /usr/local/lib/libopencv_core.dylib
    #LIBS += /usr/local/lib/libopencv_highgui.dylib
    #LIBS += /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.dylib
    #LIBS += /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgproc.dylib

`main.cpp`文件

#include <QApplication>
    #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
    #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
    #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
    using namespace cv;  //包含cv命名空间
    
    int main( )
    {
     Mat srcImage = imread("/Users/cdq/Desktop/124.jpg"); //载入图像
     imshow("【原始图】",srcImage);//显示图像
     waitKey(0);//按任意键退出
     return 0;
    }

需要注意的是：运行成功后，图片总是以最小化显示，而不是直接弹出，导致我一度以为没有正常运行！

参考链接：  
[https://wiki.qt.io/How\_to\_setup\_Qt\_and\_openCV\_on\_Windows][https_wiki.qt.io_How_to_setup_Qt_and_openCV_on_Windows]  
[https://blog.csdn.net/duwangthefirst/article/details/79452314][https_blog.csdn.net_duwangthefirst_article_details_79452314]  
[https://blog.csdn.net/maizousidemao/article/details/81474834][https_blog.csdn.net_maizousidemao_article_details_81474834]  
[https://blog.csdn.net/u012435142/article/details/82952302][https_blog.csdn.net_u012435142_article_details_82952302]

[https_opencv.org_releases]: https://opencv.org/releases/
[https_wiki.qt.io_How_to_setup_Qt_and_openCV_on_Windows]: https://wiki.qt.io/How_to_setup_Qt_and_openCV_on_Windows
[https_blog.csdn.net_duwangthefirst_article_details_79452314]: https://blog.csdn.net/duwangthefirst/article/details/79452314
[https_blog.csdn.net_maizousidemao_article_details_81474834]: https://blog.csdn.net/maizousidemao/article/details/81474834
[https_blog.csdn.net_u012435142_article_details_82952302]: https://blog.csdn.net/u012435142/article/details/82952302