大数据集群搭建之Linux安装hadoop3.0.0

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2023-02-20 07:55 60阅读 0赞

**目录**

一、安装准备

1、下载地址

2、参考文档

3、ssh免密配置

4、zookeeper安装

5、集群角色分配

二、解压安装

三、环境变量配置

四、修改配置文件

1、检查磁盘空间

2、修改配置文件

五、初始化集群

1、启动zookeeper

2、在zookeeper中初始化元数据

3、启动zkfc

4、启动JournalNode

5、格式化NameNode

6、启动hdfs

7、同步备份NameNode

8、启动备份NameNode

9、查看集群状态

10、访问集群

六、集群高可用测试

1、停止Active状态的NameNode

2、查看standby状态的NameNode

3、重启启动停止的NameNode

4、查看两个NameNode状态

--------------------

## 一、安装准备 ##

### 1、下载地址 ###

[https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hadoop/common][https_www.apache.org_dyn_closer.cgi_hadoop_common]

### 2、参考文档 ###

[https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r3.0.0/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/ClusterSetup.html][https_hadoop.apache.org_docs_r3.0.0_hadoop-project-dist_hadoop-common_ClusterSetup.html]

### 3、ssh免密配置 ###

[https://blog.csdn.net/qq262593421/article/details/105325593][https_blog.csdn.net_qq262593421_article_details_105325593]

### 4、zookeeper安装 ###

[https://blog.csdn.net/qq262593421/article/details/106955485][https_blog.csdn.net_qq262593421_article_details_106955485]

### 5、集群角色分配 ###

<table style="width:500px;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hadoop集群角色</td> 
   <td>集群节点</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>NameNode</td> 
   <td>hadoop001、hadoop002</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DataNode</td> 
   <td>hadoop003、hadoop004、hadoop005</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>JournalNode</td> 
   <td> <p>hadoop003、hadoop004、hadoop005</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ResourceManager</td> 
   <td>hadoop001、hadoop002</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>NodeManager</td> 
   <td>hadoop003、hadoop004、hadoop005</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DFSZKFailoverController</td> 
   <td>hadoop001、hadoop002</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 二、解压安装 ##

解压文件

cd /usr/local/hadoop
    tar zxpf hadoop-3.0.0.tar.gz

创建软链接

ln -s  hadoop-3.0.0 hadoop

## 三、环境变量配置 ##

编辑 /etc/profile 文件

vim /etc/profile

添加以下内容

export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/hadoop
    export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin

## 四、修改配置文件 ##

### 1、检查磁盘空间 ###

首先查看磁盘挂载空间，避免hadoop的数据放在挂载空间小的目录

df -h

磁盘一共800G，home目录占了741G，故以下配置目录都会以 /home开头

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

### 2、修改配置文件 ###

**worker**

hadoop003
    hadoop004
    hadoop005

**core-site.xml**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
    
    <configuration>
    	<property>
    		<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
    		<value>hdfs://ns1</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
    		<value>/home/cluster/hadoop/data/tmp</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>io.file.buffer.size</name>
    		<value>131072</value>
    		<description>Size of read/write buffer used in SequenceFiles</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
    		<value>hadoop001:2181,hadoop002:2181,hadoop003:2181</value>
    		<description>DFSZKFailoverController</description>
    	</property>
    </configuration>

**hadoop-env.sh**

export HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS="-XX:+UseParallelGC -Xmx4g"
    export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
    export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
    export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_USER=root
    export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root
    export YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=root
    export YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=root
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8

**hdfs-site.xml**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
    
    <configuration>
    	<property>
    		<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
    		<value>/home/cluster/hadoop/data/nn</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
    		<value>/home/cluster/hadoop/data/dn</value>
    	</property>
    	
        <property>
            <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
            <value>/home/cluster/hadoop/data/jn</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>dfs.nameservices</name>
            <value>ns1</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.ns1</name>
            <value>hadoop001,hadoop002</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.hadoop001</name>
            <value>hadoop001:9000</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.hadoop001</name>
            <value>hadoop001:50070</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.hadoop002</name>
            <value>hadoop002:9000</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.hadoop002</name>
            <value>hadoop002:50070</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled.ns1</name>
            <value>true</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.ns1</name>
            <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
        </property>
    	<property>
            <name>dfs.permissions.enabled</name>
            <value>false</value>
        </property>
    	<property>
            <name>dfs.replication</name>
            <value>3</value>
        </property>
    	<property>
    		<name>dfs.blocksize</name>
            <value>64M</value>
    		
    		<description>HDFS blocksize of 128MB for large file-systems</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>dfs.namenode.handler.count</name>
    		<value>100</value>
    		<description>More NameNode server threads to handle RPCs from large number of DataNodes.</description>
    	</property>
    
        
        <property>
            <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
            <value>qjournal://hadoop001:8485;hadoop002:8485;hadoop003:8485/ns1</value>
        </property>
        
        <property>
         <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
         <value>sshfence</value>
        </property>
        <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
        <value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
        </property>
    
    </configuration>

**mapred-site.xml**

<?xml version="1.0"?>
    <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
    
    <configuration>
    	
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
    		<value>yarn</value>
    		<description>Execution framework set to Hadoop YARN.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.map.memory.mb</name>
    		<value>4096</value>
    		
    		<description>Larger resource limit for maps.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.map.java.opts</name>
    		<value>-Xmx4096M</value>
    		
    		<description>Larger heap-size for child jvms of maps.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb</name>
    		<value>4096</value>
    		
    		<description>Larger resource limit for reduces.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.reduce.java.opts</name>
    		<value>-Xmx4096M</value>
    		<description>Larger heap-size for child jvms of reduces.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.task.io.sort.mb</name>
    		<value>4096</value>
    		
    		<description>Higher memory-limit while sorting data for efficiency.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.task.io.sort.factor</name>
    		<value>400</value>
    		
    		<description>More streams merged at once while sorting files.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.reduce.shuffle.parallelcopies</name>
    		<value>200</value>
    		
    		<description>Higher number of parallel copies run by reduces to fetch outputs from very large number of maps.</description>
    	</property>
    	
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
    		<value>hadoop001:10020</value>
    		<description>MapReduce JobHistory Server host:port.Default port is 10020</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
    		<value>hadoop001:19888</value>
    		<description>MapReduce JobHistory Server Web UI host:port.Default port is 19888.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.intermediate-done-dir</name>
    		<value>/tmp/mr-history/tmp</value>
    		<description>Directory where history files are written by MapReduce jobs.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.done-dir</name>
    		<value>/tmp/mr-history/done</value>
    		<description>Directory where history files are managed by the MR JobHistory Server.</description>
    	</property>
    </configuration>

**yarn-site.xml**

<?xml version="1.0"?>
    <configuration>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</name>
            <value>true</value>
    	</property>
    	
    	<property>
    	    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
    	    <value>true</value>
    	</property>
    	 
    	<property>
    	    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.automatic-failover.embedded</name>
    	    <value>true</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</name>
            <value>yarn-rm-cluster</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    	    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</name>
    	    <value>rm1,rm2</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    	    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</name>
    	    <value>hadoop001</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    	    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</name>
    	    <value>hadoop002</value>
    	</property>
    	 
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.recovery.enabled</name>
            <value>true</value>
    	</property>
    	 
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk.state-store.address</name>
            <value>hadoop001:2181,hadoop002:2181,hadoop003:2181</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</name>
            <value>hadoop001:2181,hadoop002:2181,hadoop003:2181</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address.rm1</name>
            <value>hadoop001:8032</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address.rm2</name>
            <value>hadoop002:8032</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address.rm1</name>
            <value>hadoop001:8034</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address.rm1</name>
            <value>hadoop001:8088</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address.rm2</name>
            <value>hadoop002:8034</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address.rm2</name>
            <value>hadoop002:8088</value>
    	</property>
    
    	
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.acl.enable</name>
    		<value>true</value>
    		<description>Enable ACLs? Defaults to false.</description>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.admin.acl</name>
    		<value>*</value>
    	</property>	
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>
    		<value>false</value>
    		<description>Configuration to enable or disable log aggregation</description>
    	</property>
    	
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
    		<value>hadoop001</value>
    		<description>host Single hostname that can be set in place of setting all yarn.resourcemanager*address resources. Results in default ports for ResourceManager components.</description>
    	</property>
    	
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb</name>
    		<value>20480</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>
    		<value>28672</value>
    	</property>
    	
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.nodemanager.log.retain-seconds</name>
    		<value>10800</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs</name>
    		<value>/home/cluster/yarn/log/1,/home/cluster/yarn/log/2,/home/cluster/yarn/log/3</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
    		<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    		<description>Shuffle service that needs to be set for Map Reduce applications.</description>
    	</property>
    	
    	
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds</name>
    		<value>-1</value>
    	</property>
    	<property>
    		<name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-check-interval-seconds</name>
    		<value>-1</value>
    	</property>
    
    </configuration>

## 五、初始化集群 ##

### **1、启动zookeeper** ###

由于hadoop的HA机制依赖于zookeeper，因此先启动zookeeper集群

如果zookeeper集群没有搭建参考：[https://blog.csdn.net/qq262593421/article/details/106955485][https_blog.csdn.net_qq262593421_article_details_106955485]

zkServer.sh start

zkServer.sh status

### **2、在zookeeper中初始化元数据** ###

hdfs zkfc -formatZK

### **3、启动zkfc** ###

hdfs --daemon start zkfc

### 4、启动JournalNode ###

格式化NameNode前必须先格式化JournalNode，否则格式化失败

这里配置了3个JournalNode节点，hadoop001、hadoop002、hadoop003

hdfs --daemon start journalnode

### **5、格式化NameNode** ###

在第一台NameNode节点上执行

hdfs namenode -format

### **6、启动hdfs** ###

start-all.sh

### 7、同步备份NameNode ###

等hdfs初始化完成之后（20秒），在另一台NameNode上执行

hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby

如果格式化失败或者出现以下错误，把对应节点上的目录删掉再重新格式化

> Directory is in an inconsistent state: Can't format the storage directory because the current directory is not empty.

![20200625135759590.png][]![20200625135823532.png][]

![20200625135812737.png][]

rm -rf /home/cluster/hadoop/data/jn/ns1/*
    hdfs namenode -format

### 8、启动备份NameNode ###

同步之后，需要在另一台NameNode节点上启动NameNode进程

hdfs --daemon start namenode

### **9、查看集群状态** ###

hadoop dfsadmin -report

### **10、访问集群** ###

[http://hadoop001:50070/][http_hadoop001_50070]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

[http://hadoop002:50070/][http_hadoop002_50070]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

## 六、集群高可用测试 ##

### 1、停止Active状态的NameNode ###

在active状态上的NameNode执行（hadoop1）

hdfs --daemon stop namenode

### 2、查看standby状态的NameNode ###

[http://hadoop002:50070/][http_hadoop002_50070] 可以看到，hadoop2从standby变成了active状态

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

### 3、重启启动停止的NameNode ###

停止之后，浏览器无法访问，重启恢复

hdfs --daemon start namenode

### 4、查看两个NameNode状态 ###

[http://hadoop001:50070/][http_hadoop001_50070]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

[http://hadoop002:50070/][http_hadoop002_50070]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

[https_www.apache.org_dyn_closer.cgi_hadoop_common]: https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hadoop/common
[https_hadoop.apache.org_docs_r3.0.0_hadoop-project-dist_hadoop-common_ClusterSetup.html]: https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r3.0.0/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/ClusterSetup.html
[https_blog.csdn.net_qq262593421_article_details_105325593]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq262593421/article/details/105325593
[https_blog.csdn.net_qq262593421_article_details_106955485]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq262593421/article/details/106955485
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625115738678.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200625135759590.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625135759590.png
[20200625135823532.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625135823532.png
[20200625135812737.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625135812737.png
[http_hadoop001_50070]: http://hadoop001:50070/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625195251416.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[http_hadoop002_50070]: http://hadoop002:50070/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625195311909.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625195411112.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625195541333.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200625195609332.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxMjYyNTkzNDIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70