Spring Boot原理分析之简单示例

柔光的暖阳◎ 2023-02-19 15:21 40阅读 0赞

# Spring Boot背景 #

Spring每集成一个开源软件，就需要增加一些基础配置，随着开发项目的逐渐庞大，往往需要集成很多开源软件。后期使用 Spring 开发大型项目需要引入很多配置文件，导致配置工作难以维护和理解，在集成开源软件的同时，maven pom xml中引入不同版本的jar包，还会存在版本冲突的情况。  
Spring Boot的目标之一就是实现免 XML 配置的开发体验。  
Spring 最初核心的两大核心功能 Spring IoC 和 Spring Aop 成就了 Spring，Spring 在这两大核心功能上不断地发展，才有了 Spring 事务、Spring MVC 等一系列伟大的产品，最终成就了 Spring 帝国，Spring Boot 是在强大的 Spring 帝国生态基础上面发展而来，发明 Spring Boot 不是为了取代 Spring，是为了让人们更容易的使用 Spring。

Spring Ioc/Aop > Spring > Spring Boot

本文使用spring和mybatis整合为例，分别使用两种配置，一种是传统的xml文件和属性文件配置项目，一种是spring boot自动配置项目的方式，两种方式进行对比，从项目配置上看看差别。

# 项目文件 #

不管是xml配置项目，还是自动配置，和业务相关的文件，是不变的。

## 表结构 ##

CREATE TABLE `t_auth_user` (
      `id` bigint(16) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `user_account` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '账号',
      `password` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '密码',
      `is_delete` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '删除标识0：未删除，1：已删除',
      `nickname` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '昵称',
      `remark` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注',
      `create_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
      `update_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

## mapper xml ##

mybatis映射文件spring-boot-source-read/src/main/resources/mappers/AuthUserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
    <mapper namespace="com.spboot.read.mapper.AuthUserMapper">
        <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.spboot.read.beans.AuthUser">
            <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
            <result column="user_account" property="userAccount" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
            <result column="password" property="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
            <result column="create_time" property="createTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/>
            <result column="update_time" property="updateTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/>
            <result column="is_delete" property="isDelete" jdbcType="TINYINT"/>
        </resultMap>
        <sql id="Base_Column_List">
            id, user_account, password, create_time, update_time, is_delete
        </sql>
        <select id="query" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
            select
            <include refid="Base_Column_List"/>
            from t_auth_user
            where user_account = #{userAccount}
        </select>
    </mapper>

## AuthUserMapper.java ##

接口AuthUserMapper.java

package com.spboot.read.mapper;
    
    import com.spboot.read.beans.AuthUser;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    import java.util.List;
    @Repository
    public interface AuthUserMapper { 
        List<AuthUser> query(String userAccount);
    }

## AuthUser ##

实体类AuthUser.java

package com.spboot.read.beans;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    public class AuthUser { 
        private Long id;
        private String userAccount;
        private String password;
        private Date createTime;
        private Date updateTime;
        private Byte isDelete;
    
        public Long getId() { 
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(Long id) { 
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getUserAccount() { 
            return userAccount;
        }
        public void setUserAccount(String userAccount) { 
            this.userAccount = userAccount == null ? null : userAccount.trim();
        }
        public String getPassword() { 
            return password;
        }
        public void setPassword(String password) { 
            this.password = password == null ? null : password.trim();
        }
        public Date getCreateTime() { 
            return createTime;
        }
        public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) { 
            this.createTime = createTime;
        }
        public Date getUpdateTime() { 
            return updateTime;
        }
        public void setUpdateTime(Date updateTime) { 
            this.updateTime = updateTime;
        }
        public Byte getIsDelete() { 
            return isDelete;
        }
        public void setIsDelete(Byte isDelete) { 
            this.isDelete = isDelete;
        }
    }

## 服务类 ##

package com.spboot.read.service;
    
    import com.spboot.read.beans.AuthUser;
    import java.util.List;
    public interface IAuthUserService { 
    	List<AuthUser> query(String userAccount);
    }
    
    package com.spboot.read.service.impl;
    
    import com.spboot.read.beans.AuthUser;
    import com.spboot.read.mapper.AuthUserMapper;
    import com.spboot.read.service.IAuthUserService;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    import java.util.*;
    @Service
    public class AuthUserServiceImpl implements IAuthUserService { 
    	private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
    	@Resource
    	private AuthUserMapper authUserMapper;
    	public AuthUserServiceImpl(){ 
    		logger.info("创建 com.test.bean.AuthUserServiceImpl");
    	}
    	@Override
    	public List<AuthUser> query(String userAccount) { 
    		if(StringUtils.isEmpty(userAccount)){ 
    			return null;
    		}
    		return authUserMapper.query(userAccount);
    	}
    }

# Spring+XML配置 #

先看看项目的整体目录结构  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpaHVheW9uZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## pom文件 ##

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<groupId>com.sp.source.read</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-souce-read</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
    	<properties>
    		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    		<spring.version>4.2.0.RELEASE</spring.version>
    	</properties>
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
    			<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
    			<version>1.8.6</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
    			<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
    			<version>1.8.6</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
    			<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
    			<version>1.9.2</version>
    			<exclusions>
    				<exclusion>
    					<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
    					<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
    				</exclusion>
    			</exclusions>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
    			<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
    			<version>1.10</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
    			<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
    			<version>3.2.1</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
    			<version>${spring.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    			<version>${spring.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    			<version>${spring.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    			<version>${spring.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>junit</groupId>
    			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    			<version>4.11</version>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    			<version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    			<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    			<version>1.0.27</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    			<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    			<version>3.2.5</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
    			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    			<version>5.1.38</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    			<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
    			<version>1.2.2</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    			<version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
    			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    			<version>1.2.17</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    			<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
    			<version>2.5</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    			<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
    			<version>2.5</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    			<version>1.2.16</version>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    				<version>3.1</version>
    				<configuration>
    					<source>1.8</source>
    					<target>1.8</target>
    					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
    				</configuration>
    			</plugin>
    		</plugins>
    	</build>
    </project>

## 属性配置 ##

application.properties，存放在resources目录下

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true
    jdbc.username=****
    jdbc.password=****
    jdbc.validationQuery=SELECT 1

## bean配置 ##

spring-config.xml，存放在resources目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:application.properties"/>
        <aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/>
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.sp.source.read"/>
        <bean id="dbCommProperty" abstract="true">
            
            <property name="initialSize" value="5"/>
            
            <property name="maxActive" value="5"/>
            
            <property name="minIdle" value="5"/>
            
            <property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>
            <property name="validationQuery" value="${jdbc.validationQuery}"/>
            <property name="testOnBorrow" value="false"/>
            <property name="testOnReturn" value="false"/>
            <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true"/>
            
            <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000"/>
            
            <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="25200000"/>
            
            <property name="removeAbandoned" value="true"/>
            
            <property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="1800"/>
            
            <property name="logAbandoned" value="true"/>
        </bean>
        <bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close" parent="dbCommProperty">
            <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
            <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
            
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
            <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:mappers/*Mapper.xml"/>
        </bean>
        <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
            
            <property name="basePackage" value="com.sp.source.read"/>
            <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>
        <tx:advice id="interceptorAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
            <tx:attributes>
                <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="Exception"/>
                <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>
                <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>
                <tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS"/>
            </tx:attributes>
        </tx:advice>
        
        <aop:config>
            <aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut" expression="execution(* com.test.service.*.*(..))"/>
            <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut" advice-ref="interceptorAdvice"/>
        </aop:config>
    </beans>

## 日志配置 ##

log4j.xml，存放在resources目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
    <log4j:configuration>
        
        <appender name="console" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
            <param name="Target" value="System.out" />
            <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
                <param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%p][%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%c][%m]%n" />
            </layout>
        </appender>
        <root>
            <priority value="debug" />
            <appender-ref ref="console" />
        </root>
    </log4j:configuration>

## 测试类 ##

创建一个测试类，测试spring和mybatis整合

package com.sp.source.read.service;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.sp.source.read.bean.AuthUser;
    import com.sp.source.read.service.impl.AuthUserServiceImpl;
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class AuthUserServiceImplTest { 
        private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(AuthUserServiceImplTest.class);
        
        public static void main(String[] args){ 
            ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
            IAuthUserService authUserServiceImpl = ctx.getBean(AuthUserServiceImpl.class);
            Map<String,Object> params = new HashMap<>();
            params.put("userAccount","user002");
            AuthUser authUser = new AuthUser();
            authUser.setUserAccount("user002");
            authUser.setId((long) 4);
            List<AuthUser> authUserList = authUserServiceImpl.query(params);
            logger.info("执行结果："+ JSON.toJSONString(authUserList));
        }
    }

执行结果：

[INFO][2020-07-07 20:26:33][AuthUserServiceImplTest][执行结果：[
    { 
        "createTime":1548162759000,
        "id":4,
        "isDelete":0,
        "password":"dd9b254be95d548383d9616307f9c73f",
        "updateTime":1556876038000,
        "userAccount":"user002"
    }
    ]]

# Spring Boot自动配置 #

先看看项目的整体目录结构  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpaHVheW9uZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

## pom文件 ##

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>spring-boot-source-read</groupId>
        <artifactId>com.spboot.read</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>Spring Boot 源码研读项目</name>
        <description>Spring Boot 源码研究</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.38</version>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

spring-boot-starter-xxx是官方提供的starter，xxx-spring-boot-starter是第三方提供的starter。

## 属性配置 ##

application.yml，放到resources目录下

spring:
      profiles:
        active: dev

application-dev.yml，放到resources目录下

server:
      port: 8080
    
    spring:
      datasource:
        username: ****
        password: ****
        url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&allowMultiQueries=true
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    
    mybatis:
      mapper-locations: classpath:mappers/*Mapper.xml
      type-aliases-package: com.spboot.read.beans
    
    #日志
    logging:
      config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
      level:
        root: info

## 日志配置 ##

logback-spring.xml，放到resources目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="10 seconds">
        <contextName>logback</contextName>
        
        <appender name="stdoutAppender" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
            <target>System.out</target>
            <encoder>
                <pattern>[%p][%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}][%c %L][%m]%n</pattern>
            </encoder>
        </appender>
        <root>
            <appender-ref ref="stdoutAppender" />
        </root>
    </configuration>

## 项目入口类 ##

package com.spboot.read;
    
    import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    /** * 项目启动入口 */
    @MapperScan("com.spboot.read.mapper")
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpBootReadApplication { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(SpBootReadApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

## Controller ##

控制类，提供一个http地址，查询数据库表中记录

package com.spboot.read.controller;
    import com.spboot.read.beans.AuthUser;
    import com.spboot.read.service.IAuthUserService;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.util.Assert;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    import java.util.List;
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/authUser/")
    public class UserController { 
        private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);
        @Resource
        private IAuthUserService authUserService;
        @RequestMapping("query/{userAccount}")
        public List<AuthUser> query(@PathVariable String userAccount) { 
            logger.info("请求参数userAccount：{}", userAccount);
            Assert.notNull(userAccount, "账号不能为空");
            List<AuthUser> userList = authUserService.query(userAccount);
            return userList;
        }
    }

## IDEA启动配置 ##

创建一个spring boot项目启动配置，Main class选择项目的入口类  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpaHVheW9uZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
浏览器访问地址：

http://localhost:8080/authUser/query/user002

返回结果：

[
        { 
            "id":4,
            "userAccount":"user002",
            "password":"dd9b254be95d548383d9616307f9c73f",
            "createTime":"2019-01-22T13:12:39.000+00:00",
            "updateTime":"2019-05-03T09:33:58.000+00:00",
            "isDelete":0
        }]

参考  
[Spring Boot 产生的背景和它的设计理念][Spring Boot]

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[Spring Boot]: https://gitbook.cn/gitchat/column/5b86228ce15aa17d68b5b55a/topic/5b93c957780fdb5e97d2f35c