透过GoogleI/O看Android11以及Jetpack的最新进展

比眉伴天荒 2023-02-17 13:26 30阅读 0赞

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
今年因为疫情原因Google I/O 2020被迫取消了，但实际上Google官方仍然通过Youtube放出了原本为I/O准备的各种干货内容，从某种程度上说本届IO如期在Youtube上举办了。那么本届IO中有哪些值得关注的内容呢？

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAdRKQNbLmQ&list=PLWz5rJ2EKKc9hqKx4qZWolQxy59Bt20t\_][https_www.youtube.com_watch_v_bAdRKQNbLmQ_list_PLWz5rJ2EKKc9hqKx4qZWolQxy59Bt20t]

# \# Android11 #

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
Android11目前处于Beta版本，提供了很多新的实用的API公开发者使用

## \#\# WindowInstes ##

Androi11中提供了新的`WindowInsets`API，可以获取当前Insets中各种组成部分（例如状态栏、导航栏、软键盘等）的状态信息，例如可也判断IME的状态，这可是Android开发中的一个大痛点。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## \#\# IME Animations ##

新的IME动画，允许软键盘跟随内容一起滑动， 不用再羡慕iOS顺畅的软键盘体验了  
![20200615000559901.png][]

## \#\# Bubble ##

通知栏的消息可以以对话气泡的方式浮在所有应用上方，随意拖动，来消息时可以优先看到，点击进入窗口模式进行回复。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![4c18161480e7402b7bb013dd641d6692.gif][]

## \#\# Autofill ##

Autofill可以根据当前焦点位置，自动获取最佳建议出现在输入法选项中，例如选中Card number，IME选项中返回了可能的选项  
![2020061501061424.png][]

你需要实现`InputMethodService`方法，然后进行来自IME的请求  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

# \# AndroidStudio #

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
AndroidStudio 4.0稳定版刚刚发布，4.2 Canary 已经就位。  
![2020061500504998.png][]

## \#\# MotionEditor ##

AS4.0中的MotionEditor可以可视化的编辑MotionLayout的动画效果  
![20200615011215235.gif][]  
[https://developer.android.com/studio/write/motion-editor][https_developer.android.com_studio_write_motion-editor]

## \#\# Layout Inspector ##

AS4.0中的带来到了新的 Layout Inspector，可以以3D的形式展现APP当前视图，而且增强了对于视图属性的支持  
![20200530211750382.gif][]  
[https://blog.csdn.net/vitaviva/article/details/106446670][https_blog.csdn.net_vitaviva_article_details_106446670]

## \#\# Database Inspector ##

AS4.1 Beta 中新增了 Database Inspector，可以实时可见地调试DB的数据，是时候跟各种第三方Sqlite插件说再见了。  
![20200615012022172.gif][]  
[https://developer.android.com/studio/preview/features\#database-inspector][https_developer.android.com_studio_preview_features_database-inspector]

# \# Jetpack #

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
Jetpack这次带来Hilt以及App Startup两个新成员（目前均处于alpha版），同时一些既有库的功能得到扩展  
![20200615005144811.png][]

## \#\# Hilt ##

Hilt可以大大简化Dagger2在Android上的使用，替代非常鸡肋的`com.google.dagger:dagger-android`。通过`@AndroidEntryPoint`可以快速地为Activity、Fragment等常用Android组件进行依赖注入，此外针对Jetpack的组件也有了个别支持，例如`@ViewModelInject`的使用等

class SearchViewModel @ViewModelInject constructor(
        private val repository: SearchRepository
    ): ViewModel() {  … }
    
    @AndroidEntryPoint
    class SearchFragment : Fragment() { 
        val viewModel: SearchViewModel by viewModels()
    }

[https://medium.com/androiddevelopers/dependency-injection-on-android-with-hilt-67b6031e62d][https_medium.com_androiddevelopers_dependency-injection-on-android-with-hilt-67b6031e62d]

## \#\# App Startup ##

我们为了让组件的全局初始化更加无侵，有时会定义`Content Provider`进行初始化，例如Lifecycle库中的[ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer][]等。

现在通过App Startup我们可以将各种组件初始化使用一个Content Provider代理而无需重复定义，同时还可以编排各组件初始化的顺序

// Initializes WorkManager.
    
    
    class WorkManagerInitializer : Initializer<WorkManager> { 
        override fun create(context: Context): WorkManager { 
            val configuration = Configuration.Builder()
                .setMinimumLoggingLevel(Log.DEBUG)
                .build()
            WorkManager.initialize(context, configuration)
            return WorkManager.getInstance(context)
        }
        
        override fun dependencies() : List<Class<out Initializer<*>>> = emptyList()
    }

[https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/app-startup][https_developer.android.com_topic_libraries_app-startup]

## \#\# Paging3 ##

Paging3 基于协程对Paging进行了重新实现，同时增加了对于`Header`、`Footer`、`LoadingStatus`等常见需求的支持。

通过继承`PagingSource`并实现挂起函数`load`来定义数据源，相较以前起来要简单得多

class MyPagingSource : PagingSource<Key, Value>() { 
        override suspend fun load(params: LoadParams<Key>): LoadResult<Key, Value> { 
            try { 
                val result = api.requestPage(params.key)
                return Page(
                    data = result.items,
                    nextKey = result.nextKey
                )
            } catch(error: IOException) { 
                return Error(error)
            }
        }
    }

[https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/paging/v3-overview][https_developer.android.com_topic_libraries_architecture_paging_v3-overview]

## \#\# Compose ##

Compose仍然处于PreAlpha版本，但是已经宣布将在夏天迎来Alpha版、明年迎来1.0。

本次更新带来了更强大的Preview功能，支持更多种类控件的预览， 同时相对于之前只能静态查看布局，最新的Preview允许进行简单的交互，甚至可以部署到一个壳工程中实际运行  
![20200614231424380.png][]  
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5BwfqBpiWU][https_www.youtube.com_watch_v_U5BwfqBpiWU]

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[https_www.youtube.com_watch_v_bAdRKQNbLmQ_list_PLWz5rJ2EKKc9hqKx4qZWolQxy59Bt20t]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAdRKQNbLmQ&list=PLWz5rJ2EKKc9hqKx4qZWolQxy59Bt20t_
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[20200615000559901.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200615000559901.png
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[4c18161480e7402b7bb013dd641d6692.gif]: http://pic.rmb.bdstatic.com/bjh/news/4c18161480e7402b7bb013dd641d6692.gif
[2020061501061424.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020061501061424.png
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[2020061500504998.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020061500504998.png
[20200615011215235.gif]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200615011215235.gif
[https_developer.android.com_studio_write_motion-editor]: https://developer.android.com/studio/write/motion-editor
[20200530211750382.gif]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200530211750382.gif
[https_blog.csdn.net_vitaviva_article_details_106446670]: https://blog.csdn.net/vitaviva/article/details/106446670
[20200615012022172.gif]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200615012022172.gif
[https_developer.android.com_studio_preview_features_database-inspector]: https://developer.android.com/studio/preview/features#database-inspector
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200614115241881.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZpdGF2aXZh,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20200615005144811.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200615005144811.png
[https_medium.com_androiddevelopers_dependency-injection-on-android-with-hilt-67b6031e62d]: https://medium.com/androiddevelopers/dependency-injection-on-android-with-hilt-67b6031e62d
[ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer]: https://blog.csdn.net/vitaviva/article/details/106298075
[https_developer.android.com_topic_libraries_app-startup]: https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/app-startup
[https_developer.android.com_topic_libraries_architecture_paging_v3-overview]: https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/paging/v3-overview
[20200614231424380.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200614231424380.png
[https_www.youtube.com_watch_v_U5BwfqBpiWU]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5BwfqBpiWU