mv - move (rename) files - 移动或重命名

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2023-02-15 13:50 23阅读 0赞

#  mv - move (rename) files - 移动或重命名 #

Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

`--help`  
display this help and exit.  
显示此帮助信息并退出。

`--version`  
output version information and exit.  
显示版本信息并退出。

`-v, --verbose`  
explain what is being done.  
详细显示进行的步骤。

`-u, --update`  
move only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing.  
只在源文件文件比目标文件新，或目标文件不存在时才进行移动。

`--backup[=CONTROL]`  
make a backup of each existing destination file.  
为每个已存在的目标文件创建备份。

`-b`  
like `--backup` but does not accept an argument.  
类似 `--backup` 但不接受参数。

`-f, --force`  
do not prompt before overwriting.  
覆盖前不询问。

`-i, --interactive`  
prompt before overwrite.  
覆盖前询问。

`-n, --no-clobber`  
do not overwrite an existing file.  
不覆盖已存在文件。

If you specify more than one of `-i`, `-f`, `-n`, only the final one takes effect.  
如果您指定了 `-i`、`-f`、`-n` 中的多个，仅最后一个生效。

`--strip-trailing-slashes`  
remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument.  
去掉每个源文件参数尾部的斜线。

`-S, --suffix=SUFFIX`  
override the usual backup suffix.  
替换常用的备份文件后缀。

`-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY`  
move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY.

`-T, --no-target-directory`  
treat DEST as a normal file.  
将目标文件视作普通文件处理。

The backup suffix is `'~'`, unless set with `--suffix` or SIMPLE\_BACKUP\_SUFFIX.  
备份文件的后缀为 `"~"`，除非以 `--suffix` 选项或是 SIMPLE\_BACKUP\_SUFFIX 环境变量指定。

`none, off`  
never make backups (even if `--backup` is given).  
不进行备份 (即使使用了 `--backup` 选项)。

`numbered, t`  
make numbered backups.  
备份文件加上数字进行排序。

`existing, nil`  
numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise.  
若有数字的备份文件已经存在则使用数字，否则使用普通方式备份。

`simple, never`  
always make simple backups.  
永远使用普通方式备份。

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left">命令格式</th> 
   <th align="left">运行结果</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">mv 文件名 文件名</td> 
   <td align="left">将源文件名改为目标文件名。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">mv 文件名 目录名</td> 
   <td align="left">将文件移动到目标目录 。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">mv 目录名 目录名</td> 
   <td align="left">目标目录已存在，将源目录移动到目标目录。目标目录不存在则改名。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">mv 目录名 文件名</td> 
   <td align="left">出错。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  `mv yongqiang.txt cheng.txt` \- 重命名文件 - 目标目录与源目录一致，指定了新文件名，效果就是重命名。

(base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ touch yongqiang.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang   512 Jun  5 21:41 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 root      root        512 Apr 30 17:52 ../
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang     0 Jun  5 21:41 yongqiang.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ vim yongqiang.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ cat yongqiang.txt
    yongqiang cheng
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ mv yongqiang.txt cheng.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang   512 Jun  5 21:43 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 root      root        512 Apr 30 17:52 ../
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang    16 Jun  5 21:42 cheng.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

*  `mv ./cheng.txt ./cheng/` \- 目标目录与源目录不一致，没有指定新文件名，效果就是仅仅移动。

(base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll ./cheng
    total 0
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:48 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:48 ../
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ mv ./cheng.txt ./cheng/
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll ./cheng
    total 0
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:52 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:52 ../
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang  16 Jun  5 21:42 cheng.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

*  `mv ./cheng.txt ./cheng/foreverstrong.txt` \- 目标目录与源目录不一致，指定了新文件名，就是移动 + 重命名。

(base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll ./cheng/
    total 0
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:56 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:55 ../
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang   0 Jun  5 21:56 yongqiang.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ mv ./cheng.txt ./cheng/foreverstrong.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll ./cheng/
    total 0
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:57 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:57 ../
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang  16 Jun  5 21:42 foreverstrong.txt
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang   0 Jun  5 21:56 yongqiang.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

*  `mv ./* /home/yongqiang/` \- 将当前目录里边的所有文件与文件夹移动到 `/home/yongqiang/`

需要先执行显示隐藏文件命令，否则隐藏文件以及隐藏文件夹不会被移动到新目录。  
英语点号开头的文件会被作为隐藏文件处理，英语点号开头的文件夹也被作为隐藏文件夹处理。

(base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~/cheng$ ll
    total 0
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:57 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang 512 Jun  5 21:57 ../
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang  16 Jun  5 21:42 foreverstrong.txt
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang   0 Jun  5 21:56 yongqiang.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~/cheng$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~/cheng$ mv ./* /home/yongqiang/
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~/cheng$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~/cheng$ cd /home/yongqiang/
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll
    total 32
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang   512 Jun  5 22:07 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 root      root        512 Apr 30 17:52 ../
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang    16 Jun  5 21:42 foreverstrong.txt
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang     0 Jun  5 21:56 yongqiang.txt
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$

`mv /home/yongqiang/t2t_train /mnt/f/wmt_ende_tokens_32k/` \- mv 命令移动目录

(base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~/t2t_train/wmt_ende_tokens_32k/transformer-transformer_base_single_gpu$ ll
    total 14224728
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang       512 Jun  2 07:46 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang       512 May 31 16:28 ../
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang       961 Jun  2 07:46 checkpoint
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang       512 Jun  2 03:35 eval/
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang  27077403 Jun  2 07:44 events.out.tfevents.1591029257.yongqiang
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang  11342232 Jun  2 00:34 graph.pbtxt
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang        24 Jun  2 07:46 model.ckpt-4821.data-00000-of-00002
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang 720457736 Jun  2 07:46 model.ckpt-4821.data-00001-of-00002
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang     31766 Jun  2 07:46 model.ckpt-4821.index
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 yongqiang yongqiang   5886575 Jun  2 07:46 model.ckpt-4821.meta
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~/t2t_train/wmt_ende_tokens_32k/transformer-transformer_base_single_gpu$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~/t2t_train/wmt_ende_tokens_32k/transformer-transformer_base_single_gpu$ cd ~
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ mv /home/yongqiang/t2t_train /mnt/f/wmt_ende_tokens_32k/
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll
    total 32
    drwxr-xr-x 1 yongqiang yongqiang   512 Jun  5 22:18 ./
    drwxr-xr-x 1 root      root        512 Apr 30 17:52 ../
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang   512 Jun  1 07:51 t2t_data/
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$ ll /mnt/f/wmt_ende_tokens_32k/t2t_train/wmt_ende_tokens_32k/transformer-transformer_base_single_gpu/
    total 14224728
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang      4096 Jun  2 07:46 ./
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang      4096 May 31 16:28 ../
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang       961 Jun  2 07:46 checkpoint*
    drwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang      4096 Jun  2 03:35 eval/
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang  27077403 Jun  2 07:44 events.out.tfevents.1591029257.yongqiang*
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang  11342232 Jun  2 00:34 graph.pbtxt*
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang        24 Jun  2 07:46 model.ckpt-4821.data-00000-of-00002*
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang 720457736 Jun  2 07:46 model.ckpt-4821.data-00001-of-00002*
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang     31766 Jun  2 07:46 model.ckpt-4821.index*
    -rwxrwxrwx 1 yongqiang yongqiang   5886575 Jun  2 07:46 model.ckpt-4821.meta*
    (base) yongqiang@yongqiang:~$