Linux||CentOS的安装及网络配置(NAT模式）

朴灿烈づ我的快乐病毒、 2023-02-15 01:18 26阅读 0赞

## 一、CentOS安装 ##

**1，下载镜像文件**  
CentOS是Linux发行版之一，它是来自于Red Hat Enterprise Linux依照开放源代码规定释出的源代码所编译而成。  
相对Ubuntu，centOS最直观的优势是有更好的图形界面。所有我尝试在Linux下安装CentOS 7.  
我选择的是清华大学的镜像，这是链接：http://mirror.nsc.liu.se/centos-store/7.2.1511/isos/x86\_64/  
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**2，安装**  
1）打开Linux,依次选择 “新建虚拟机” --> “典型”  
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2）依次弹出弹窗中选中“稍后安装操作系统”–>“linux – CentOS 7 64”  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
3）选中“将磁盘分成单个文件”–>“下一步”–>“完成”  
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4）编辑虚拟机设计（编辑网络适配器、CD/DVD）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
5）开启虚拟机  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
6）选择语言（简体中文）、安装源（自动检测到的…)、软件（带GUI的服务器）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
7）点击安装位置 选择自动分配分区  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
8）开始安装  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
9）设置root密码、创建用户  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
以创建用户为例  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
10）等待安装，安装完毕后重启登录即可  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

## 二、网络配置（NAT模式） ##

**1，查看本机IP**

a 同时按住 “win” + “R”  
b 输入 "cmd"后按回车键  
c 输入ipconfig /all  
d 找到对应网络IP  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
**2，打开虚拟机**  
选中“打开虚拟机”–找到刚刚安装的目录下的.vmx文件（“\*.vmx”）后点击打开  
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2）登录  
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**3，配置网络**  
刚刚安装好的CentOS是不能联网的，需要先根据本机的id来配置网络：  
1）在工具栏的“编辑”板块下选择“虚拟网络编辑器”  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]  
2）选择右下角的“更改设置”按钮，然后选择“VMnet8 NAT模式”—>“NAT模式”—>设置子网子网掩码。  
**注意**：子网需要避开主机的子网段，子网掩码同刚刚主机的子网掩码即可  
**例子**：  
我主机的子网是：192.168.149.1/24  
所以我设置子网时，只要前24位不同即可，这里我选择192.168.30.0  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
配置网关  
要求网关和子网在一个子网端，即这里的情况就是要求前24位相同，这里我选择192.168.30.2  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
点击右下角的确定按钮完成NAT配置。  
3）打开终端（右键选中“在终端中打开”）  
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4）进入root模式  
tip1 输入命令：su - root  
tip2 输入密码后按回车（注意这里输入的密码不会显示在控制台）  
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5）ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/  
键入上述命令查看“/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/”下文件，并找到”ifcfg-enol…“开头的文件，一般在第一个。  
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6）编辑。  
用vi编辑器编辑该文件夹  
（命令：vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/enol6777736 )  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]  
更改完毕后保存即可。  
（按“esc"退出编辑模式；按”shift“和”：“ 后输入"wq"再按回车键即可  
7）重启服务器并查看配置情况  
重启服务器命令 ：service network restart  
查看配置情况命令：ifconfig  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22]

## 三、测试 ##

**1，ping百度**  
ping www.baidu.com  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23]  
**2，虚拟机ping主机**  
ping 192.168.149.1  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24]  
**3，主机ping虚拟机**  
ping 192.168.30.10  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTQzOTIw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25]

## 四、参考文章 ##

https://blog.csdn.net/a785975139/article/details/53023590

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