Nginx实战操作-反向代理

谁践踏了优雅 2023-02-11 07:17 50阅读 0赞

本文我们来给大家介绍下Nginx的反向代理的实现。

# 反向代理 #

结构图  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
反向代理的核心是不想将我们内部的服务直接暴露给客户端。  
Nginx可以作为我们反向代理服务器使用，具体怎么操作呢？  
其实nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增额外的模块，默认自带`proxy_pass`指令，只需要修改配置文件就可以实现反向代理。

## Nginx反向代理实战 ##

### 1.创建一个web服务 ###

你可以直接启动一个Tomcat服务，放置简单的jsp文件，也可以通过开发工具启动一个服务，我们为了操作代码方便就通过IDE创建一个简单的web服务来处理请求  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

启动服务访问：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200522103019287.png]  
表示我们的服务是OK的

### 2.配置Nginx反向代理 ###

我们可以单独添加一个反向代理的配置文件，然后我们在nginx.conf中通过 include 来引入即可  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

然后我们在nginx.conf的同级目录下创建extra文件夹并在其中创建proxy\_demo.conf,内容如下

server{ 
       listen 80;
       server_name localhost;
       location / { 
           proxy_pass http://192.168.12.1:8081;
       }
    }

### 3.测试访问 ###

检测并重新加载配置文件。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200522103131397.png]  
访问 http://192.168.12.120/user/query  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
这样就实现了一个简单的反向代理的配置，

## 代理修改请求方式 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

客户端已GET方式发送请求到NGINX中，NGINX转发请求也会以GET方式转发，其实代理服务器可以修改请求方式，实现也非常简单，我们只需要在配置文件中 添加`proxy_method POST` 即可

server{ 
       listen 80;
       server_name localhost;
       location / { 
           proxy_pass http://192.168.12.1:8081;
           proxy_method POST;
       }
    }

来看效果

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

效果实现

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

## 获取真实IP地址 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]  
通过反向代理转发的节点无法获取客户端的真实IP，怎么解决呢，修改nginx的代理配置文件

server{ 
       listen 80;
       server_name localhost;
       location / { 
           proxy_pass http://192.168.12.1:8081;
           proxy_method POST;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    #获取客户端的ip地址设置到header中
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;        
    #获取所有转发请求的ip信息列表
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;   
      }
    }

测试即可

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NTI2NTcz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

好了~反向代理的内容就介绍到这里，有疑问的欢迎留言

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[20200522103019287.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522103019287.png
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