MongoDB Replication 副本集搭建

ゝ一纸荒年。 2023-02-08 12:46 147阅读 0赞

版本：针对MongoDB 5.0

官方文档：https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/deploy-replica-set/\#overview

第一步：准备三台服务器 （副本集应该总是有奇数个成员。确保选举的顺利进行）

192.168.223.133 PRIMARY
    192.168.223.134 SECONDARY
    192.168.223.135 SECONDARY
    
    # 分别修改主机名
    192.168.223.133 hostnamectl set-hostname mongodb01.node
    192.168.223.134 hostnamectl set-hostname mongodb02.node
    192.168.223.135 hostnamectl set-hostname mongodb03.node
    
    # 分别配置/etc/hosts
    vim /etc/hosts
        ## 在hosts文件中增加下面的配置
        192.168.223.133 mongodb01.node
        192.168.223.134 mongodb02.node
        192.168.223.135 mongodb03.node

第二步：安装MongoDB，增加副本集参数配置

# 安装mongodb
    sudo yum install -y mongodb-org
    
    # 设置防火墙
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=27017/tcp --permanent
    firewall-cmd --reload
    
    # 修改配置文件/etc/mongod.conf 
    # mongod.conf
    ...
    # 修改bindIp
    net:
      port: 27017
      bindIp: localhost,mongodb01.node # 绑定本机的IP或者主机名
    
    # 副本集配置
    replication:
      oplogSizeMB: 102 # 对于64位系统，oplog通常是可用磁盘空间的5%。
      replSetName: rs0
       
    # 启动/重新启动mongodb 
    systemctl start mongod
    systemctl restart mongod

第三步：副本集初始化以及配置

# 随便连接一个mongodb实例
    mongo mongodb://mongodb01.node:27017/test
    
    # 使用rs.help()可以查看副本集所有的操作方法
    > rs.help()
    
    # 初始化副本集 此处需要注意第一个"_id"表示副本集的名称，就是配置文件中配置的”replSetName“
    > rs.initiate({
        _id:'rs0',members:[
        {
        _id:1,host:'mongodb01.node:27017'},
        {
        _id:3,host:'mongodb02.node:27017'},
        {
        _id:2,host:'mongodb03.node:27017'}
    ]})
    
    # 当然也可以选择先配置一个节点 然后加入使用rs.add()加入其他节点， 如下:
    > rs.initiate({
        _id:'rs0',members:[{
        _id:1,host:'mongodb01.node:27017'}]})
    rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add('mongodb02.node:27017')
    rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add('mongodb03.node:27017')
    
    # 初始化以后会看到客户端shell变成了”rs0:PRIMARY“
    
    # 使用rs.status()查看副本集群的状态 
    # mongodb01.node:27017状态: "PRIMARY"
    # mongodb02.node:27017和mongodb03.node:27017状态: "SECONDARY"
    rs0:SECONDARY> rs.status()
    {
        
            "set" : "rs0",
            "date" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:26.513Z"),
            "myState" : 1,
            "term" : NumberLong(2),
            "syncSourceHost" : "",
            "syncSourceId" : -1,
            "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
            "majorityVoteCount" : 2,
            "writeMajorityCount" : 2,
            "votingMembersCount" : 3,
            "writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,
            "optimes" : {
        
                    "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(2)
                    },
                    "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
                    "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(2)
                    },
                    "appliedOpTime" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(2)
                    },
                    "durableOpTime" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(2)
                    },
                    "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
                    "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z")
            },
            "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1639553549, 1),
            "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
        
                    "lastElectionReason" : "stepUpRequestSkipDryRun",
                    "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:03.635Z"),
                    "electionTerm" : NumberLong(2),
                    "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639553575, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(1)
                    },
                    "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639553575, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(1)
                    },
                    "numVotesNeeded" : 2,
                    "priorityAtElection" : 1,
                    "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
                    "priorPrimaryMemberId" : 1,
                    "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
                    "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:03.671Z"),
                    "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:03.699Z")
            },
            "electionParticipantMetrics" : {
        
                    "votedForCandidate" : true,
                    "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
                    "lastVoteDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:26:29.091Z"),
                    "electionCandidateMemberId" : 1,
                    "voteReason" : "",
                    "lastAppliedOpTimeAtElection" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639553178, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                    },
                    "maxAppliedOpTimeInSet" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639553178, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                    },
                    "priorityAtElection" : 1
            },
            "members" : [
                    {
        
                            "_id" : 1,
                            "name" : "mongodb01.node:27017",
                            "health" : 0,
                            "state" : 8,
                            "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
                            "uptime" : 0,
                            "optime" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                            },
                            "optimeDurable" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
                            "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:13.685Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:13.685Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:25.726Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:18.704Z"),
                            "pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Error connecting to mongodb01.node:27017 (192.168.223.133:27017) :: caused by :: Connection refused",
                            "syncSourceHost" : "",
                            "syncSourceId" : -1,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "configVersion" : 1,
                            "configTerm" : 2
                    },
                    {
        
                            "_id" : 2,
                            "name" : "mongodb03.node:27017",
                            "health" : 1,
                            "state" : 2,
                            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                            "uptime" : 428,
                            "optime" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(2)
                            },
                            "optimeDurable" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(2)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23Z"),
                            "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:25.715Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:25.714Z"),
                            "pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                            "syncSourceHost" : "mongodb02.node:27017",
                            "syncSourceId" : 3,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "configVersion" : 1,
                            "configTerm" : 2
                    },
                    {
        
                            "_id" : 3,
                            "name" : "mongodb02.node:27017",
                            "health" : 1,
                            "state" : 1,
                            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
                            "uptime" : 632,
                            "optime" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(2)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:23.687Z"),
                            "syncSourceHost" : "",
                            "syncSourceId" : -1,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "electionTime" : Timestamp(1639553583, 1),
                            "electionDate" : ISODate("2021-12-15T07:33:03Z"),
                            "configVersion" : 1,
                            "configTerm" : 2,
                            "self" : true,
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
                    }
            ],
            "ok" : 1,
            "$clusterTime" : {
        
                    "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1),
                    "signature" : {
        
                            "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                            "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                    }
            },
            "operationTime" : Timestamp(1639553603, 1)
    }

第四步：测试数据同步

## 主节点操作：
    # 新建并切换数据库 my
    rs0:PRIMARY> use my
    # 新建集合并插入数据 
    rs0:PRIMARY> db.col00.insert({
        name:"user01"})
    
    ## 从节点操作
    # 从节点默认不能查询操作 需要执行rs.secondaryOk()允许操作
    rs0:SECONDARY> rs.secondaryOk()
    # 查询主节点创建的数据 如果可以查到说明搭建成功
    rs0:SECONDARY> db.col00.find()

第四步：测试风险转移

## 将主节点mongodb01.node:27017实例关闭
    systeml stop mongod
    
    # 连接从节点mongodb02.node:27017查看集群状态 发现mongodb02.node:27017成为了主节点
    rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status()
    {
        
            "set" : "rs0",
            "date" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:56.087Z"),
            "myState" : 1,
            "term" : NumberLong(2),
            "syncSourceHost" : "",
            "syncSourceId" : -1,
            "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
            "majorityVoteCount" : 2,
            "writeMajorityCount" : 2,
            "votingMembersCount" : 3,
            "writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,
            "optimes" : {
        
                    "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(2)
                    },
                    "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
                    "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(2)
                    },
                    "appliedOpTime" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(2)
                    },
                    "durableOpTime" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(2)
                    },
                    "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
                    "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z")
            },
            "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
            "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
        
                    "lastElectionReason" : "stepUpRequestSkipDryRun",
                    "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:26.351Z"),
                    "electionTerm" : NumberLong(2),
                    "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639379123, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(1)
                    },
                    "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
        
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1639379123, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(1)
                    },
                    "numVotesNeeded" : 2,
                    "priorityAtElection" : 1,
                    "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
                    "priorPrimaryMemberId" : 1,
                    "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
                    "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:26.365Z"),
                    "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:26.372Z")
            },
            "members" : [
                    {
        
                            "_id" : 1,
                            "name" : "192.168.223.133:27017",
                            "health" : 0,
                            "state" : 8,
                            "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
                            "uptime" : 0,
                            "optime" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                            },
                            "optimeDurable" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
                            "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:36.368Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:36.368Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:54.436Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:41.406Z"),
                            "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Error connecting to 192.168.223.133:27017 :: caused by :: Connection refused",
                            "syncSourceHost" : "",
                            "syncSourceId" : -1,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "configVersion" : 11,
                            "configTerm" : 2
                    },
                    {
        
                            "_id" : 2,
                            "name" : "192.168.223.129:27017",
                            "health" : 1,
                            "state" : 1,
                            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
                            "uptime" : 4548,
                            "optime" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(2)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
                            "syncSourceHost" : "",
                            "syncSourceId" : -1,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "electionTime" : Timestamp(1639379126, 1),
                            "electionDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:26Z"),
                            "configVersion" : 11,
                            "configTerm" : 2,
                            "self" : true,
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
                    },
                    {
        
                            "_id" : 3,
                            "name" : "192.168.223.130:27017",
                            "health" : 1,
                            "state" : 2,
                            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                            "uptime" : 1139,
                            "optime" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(2)
                            },
                            "optimeDurable" : {
        
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(2)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46Z"),
                            "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:46.369Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:54.414Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-12-13T07:05:54.419Z"),
                            "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                            "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.223.129:27017",
                            "syncSourceId" : 2,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "configVersion" : 11,
                            "configTerm" : 2
                    }
            ],
            "ok" : 1,
            "$clusterTime" : {
        
                    "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1),
                    "signature" : {
        
                            "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                            "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                    }
            },
            "operationTime" : Timestamp(1639379146, 1)
    }