Liunx系统操作的基本命令

落日映苍穹つ 2022-12-25 15:57 244阅读 0赞

### Liunx系统操作的基本命令 ###

*  [基本操作命令][Link 1]
 *   *  [文件和文件夹的操作命令][Link 2]
     *  [Tomcat相关命令][Tomcat]
     *  [文件打开、保存和退出命令][Link 3]
     *  [查看端口运行情况][Link 4]
     *  [复制文件][Link 5]
     *  [Mysql命令][Mysql]
     *  [nginx命令][nginx]

# 基本操作命令 #

Liunx的操作命令有很多，为了避免用错，所以记录下来以备后续使用。

## 文件和文件夹的操作命令 ##

1.**新建文件夹** mkdir 文件夹名  
2.**新建文件：** touch 文件名  
3.**解压命令.tar文件：** tar xzvf 文件名；  
4.**解压tar.xz文件：** 先 xz -d xxx.tar.xz 将 xxx.tar.xz解压成 xxx.tar 然后，再用 tar xvf xxx.tar来解包。  
5.**强制删除文件：** rm -rf 文件名；  
6.**删除普通文件a.txt :** rm a.txt;  
7.**删除目录a :** rm -rf a/;  
8.**强制删除目录a：** rm -rf a/ (-f表示强制)；

## Tomcat相关命令 ##

1.**新建tomcat存放的目录** mkdir /usr/local/tomcat  
2.**打开tomcat下的bin** cd /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-7.0.77/bin/ 3.**启动tomcat** ./startup.sh  
3.**停止tomcat** ./shutdown.sh  
4.**查询tomcat进程** ps -ef |grep tomcat  
5.**查询日志** cd …/logs/ tail -f catalina.out 或者 cat catalina.out

## 文件打开、保存和退出命令 ##

1.**打开文件** vi 文件名 或者 vim 文件名；  
2.第一种： :wq 保存且退出 :q不保存强行退出  
3.第二种： :x 保存退出

## 查看端口运行情况 ##

netstat -tunlp

## 复制文件 ##

1.**cp覆盖目标文件**  
shell>cp -Rf a1 a2  
2.**cp不覆盖目标文件**  
shell>awk ‘BEGIN \{ cmd=“cp -ri a1/\* a2/”; print “n” |cmd; \}’  
注：*a1为原文件夹，a2为目标文件夹*

## Mysql命令 ##

1.**登录：** mysql -uroot -p密码  
2.**退出：** exit  
3.**修改密码为 password：**  
update user set authentication\_string=PASSWORD(‘password’) where User=‘root’;  
4.**查询mysql运行**  
ps -ef|grep mysql  
5.**启动mysql**  
\#/etc/init.d/mysql start 或者 serivce mysql start 或者 bin/mysqld\_safe&  
6.**停止mysql**  
\#/etc/init.d/mysql stop 或者 service mysql stop 或者 bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p  
7.**导出数据和表结构：**  
mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名 > 数据库名.sql  
*如：mysqldump -uroot -pdingyueroot dbname > dbname .sql*  
8.**只导出表结构**  
mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -d 数据库名 > 数据库名.sql  
*如：mysqldump -uroot -p -d dbname > dbname .sql*  
9.**导入sql文件：**  
假设home下面有a.sql文件  
先得use databasename,要不会报错 “No Database Selected”  
然后source /home/a.sql

## nginx命令 ##

1.**启动、停止nginx：**  
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/  
./nginx 启动  
./nginx -s stop 停止  
./nginx -s quit 暂停  
./nginx -s reload 重启  
2.**查询进程：**  
ps aux|grep nginx

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38994249/article/details/82771852?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522160689614019721940243726%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=160689614019721940243726&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_click~default-2-82771852.pc_first_rank_v2_rank_v28&utm_term=liunx&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449#_2
[Link 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38994249/article/details/82771852?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522160689614019721940243726%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=160689614019721940243726&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_click~default-2-82771852.pc_first_rank_v2_rank_v28&utm_term=liunx&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449#_6
[Tomcat]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38994249/article/details/82771852?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522160689614019721940243726%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=160689614019721940243726&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_click~default-2-82771852.pc_first_rank_v2_rank_v28&utm_term=liunx&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449#Tomcat_20
[Link 3]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38994249/article/details/82771852?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522160689614019721940243726%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=160689614019721940243726&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_click~default-2-82771852.pc_first_rank_v2_rank_v28&utm_term=liunx&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449#_28
[Link 4]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38994249/article/details/82771852?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522160689614019721940243726%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=160689614019721940243726&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_click~default-2-82771852.pc_first_rank_v2_rank_v28&utm_term=liunx&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449#_35
[Link 5]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38994249/article/details/82771852?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522160689614019721940243726%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=160689614019721940243726&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_click~default-2-82771852.pc_first_rank_v2_rank_v28&utm_term=liunx&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449#_40
[Mysql]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38994249/article/details/82771852?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522160689614019721940243726%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=160689614019721940243726&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_click~default-2-82771852.pc_first_rank_v2_rank_v28&utm_term=liunx&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449#Mysql_47
[nginx]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38994249/article/details/82771852?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522160689614019721940243726%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=160689614019721940243726&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_click~default-2-82771852.pc_first_rank_v2_rank_v28&utm_term=liunx&spm=1018.2118.3001.4449#nginx_70