Python爬取新闻网站保存标题、内容、日期、图片等数据

爱被打了一巴掌 2022-12-24 09:53 549阅读 0赞

## 前言 ##

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--------------------

## 基本开发环境 ##

*  Python 3.6
 *  Pycharm

import requests
    import parsel
    import pdfkit
    import csv
    import threading

相关模块pip安装即可

## 确定目标网页 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 获取数据 ##

*  标题
 *  内容 保存成PDF
 *  日期
 *  图片 保存本地
 *  详情页url、日期、图片地址等等 保存csv

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
网站是静态网页，没有什么难度  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## 详情页 ##

同样是静态页面  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
网页源代码已经说明数据在什么地方了，利用相关的解析工具，对网页数据进行解析即可。

## 代码实现 ##

*  请求网页以及解析

def get_html(html_url):
        response = requests.get(url=html_url, headers=headers)
        return response
    
    
    def get_pars(html_data):
        selector = parsel.Selector(html_data)
        return selector

*  保存内容 PDF格式

html_str = """ <!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> {article} </body> </html> """
    def save_article(article, title):
        html_path = '重庆新闻\\' + title + '.html'
        pdf_path = '重庆新闻pdf\\' + title + '.pdf'
        html = html_str.format(article=article)
        with open(html_path, mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(html)
            print('{}已下载完成'.format(title))
        # exe 文件存放的路径
        config = pdfkit.configuration(wkhtmltopdf='C:\\Program Files\\wkhtmltopdf\\bin\\wkhtmltopdf.exe')
        # 把 html 通过 pdfkit 变成 pdf 文件
        pdfkit.from_file(html_path, pdf_path, configuration=config)

*  保存csv文件

f = open('新闻.csv', mode='a', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='')
    csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=['标题', '作者', '日期', '新闻详情页'])
    csv_writer.writeheader()

*  保存图片

def save_img(img_urls):
        for i in img_urls:
            img_url = 'http://news.cqu.edu.cn' + i
            img_content = get_html(img_url).content
            img_name = img_url.split('/')[-1]
            with open('新闻图片\\' + img_name, mode='wb') as f:
                f.write(img_content)

*  主函数

def main(url):
        html_data = get_html(url).text
        selector = get_pars(html_data)
        lis = selector.css('body > div:nth-child(4) > div > div.lists .title a::attr(href)').getall()
        for li in lis:
            content_data = get_html(li).text
            li_selector = get_pars(content_data)
            title = li_selector.css('.dtitle::text').get()  # 新闻标题
            article = li_selector.css('.acontent').get()  # 新闻内容
            name_list = li_selector.css('.dinfoa a::text').getall()  # 作者
            name = '|'.join(name_list)
            date_list = li_selector.css('.ibox span::text').getall()
            date_str = ''.join(date_list)  # 新闻日期
            img_urls = li_selector.css('.acontent p img::attr(src)').getall()   # 获取新闻内图片
            dit = { 
                '标题': title,
                '作者': name,
                '日期': date_str,
                '新闻详情页': li,
            }
            csv_writer.writerow(dit)
            save_article(article, title)
            save_img(img_urls)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        for page in range(1, 11):
            url = 'https://news.cqu.edu.cn/newsv2/news-127.html?&page={}'.format(page)
            main_thread = threading.Thread(target=main, args=(url,))
            main_thread.start()

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

*  文件PDF

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

*  详情页url  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]
 *  相关图片

图片可以按照标题后缀数字123命名，这个地方可以优化  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

*  csv文件数据

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaTM0Nzc5NTc5MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

## 完整代码 ##

import requests
    import parsel
    import pdfkit
    import csv
    import threading
    
    
    f = open('新闻.csv', mode='a', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='')
    csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=['标题', '作者', '日期', '新闻详情页'])
    csv_writer.writeheader()
    
    headers = { 
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36'
    }
    
    html_str = """ <!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> {article} </body> </html> """
    
    
    def get_html(html_url):
        response = requests.get(url=html_url, headers=headers)
        return response
    
    
    def get_pars(html_data):
        selector = parsel.Selector(html_data)
        return selector
    
    
    def save_article(article, title):
        html_path = '重庆新闻\\' + title + '.html'
        pdf_path = '重庆新闻pdf\\' + title + '.pdf'
        html = html_str.format(article=article)
        with open(html_path, mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(html)
            print('{}已下载完成'.format(title))
        # exe 文件存放的路径
        config = pdfkit.configuration(wkhtmltopdf='C:\\Program Files\\wkhtmltopdf\\bin\\wkhtmltopdf.exe')
        # 把 html 通过 pdfkit 变成 pdf 文件
        pdfkit.from_file(html_path, pdf_path, configuration=config)
    
    
    def save_img(img_urls):
        for i in img_urls:
            img_url = 'http://news.cqu.edu.cn' + i
            img_content = get_html(img_url).content
            img_name = img_url.split('/')[-1]
            with open('新闻图片\\' + img_name, mode='wb') as f:
                f.write(img_content)
    
    
    def main(url):
        html_data = get_html(url).text
        selector = get_pars(html_data)
        lis = selector.css('body > div:nth-child(4) > div > div.lists .title a::attr(href)').getall()
        for li in lis:
            content_data = get_html(li).text
            li_selector = get_pars(content_data)
            title = li_selector.css('.dtitle::text').get()  # 新闻标题
            article = li_selector.css('.acontent').get()  # 新闻内容
            name_list = li_selector.css('.dinfoa a::text').getall()  # 作者
            name = '|'.join(name_list)
            date_list = li_selector.css('.ibox span::text').getall()
            date_str = ''.join(date_list)  # 新闻日期
            img_urls = li_selector.css('.acontent p img::attr(src)').getall()   # 获取新闻内图片
            dit = { 
                '标题': title,
                '作者': name,
                '日期': date_str,
                '新闻详情页': li,
            }
            csv_writer.writerow(dit)
            save_article(article, title)
            save_img(img_urls)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        for page in range(1, 11):
            url = 'https://news.cqu.edu.cn/newsv2/news-127.html?&page={}'.format(page)
            main_thread = threading.Thread(target=main, args=(url,))
            main_thread.start()

[python]: https://jq.qq.com/?_wv=1027&k=ThcV4SNF
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