prometheus服务配置Altermanager监控告警

骑猪看日落 2022-11-26 08:46 715阅读 0赞

一、配置邮件服务

1、安装sendmail服务

# yum -y install sendmail

2、修改granfana.ini配置文件

\# vim /etc/grafana/grafana.ini

#################################### SMTP / Emailing ##########################
    [smtp]
    
    ;password =
    ;cert_file =
    ;key_file =
    ;skip_verify = false
    ;from_address = admin@grafana.localhost
    ;from_name = Grafana
    # EHLO identity in SMTP dialog (defaults to instance_name)
    ;ehlo_identity = dashboard.example.com
    
    
    enabled = true
    host = smtp.exmail.qq.com:465
    user = 发件邮箱地址
    password = GIliu.123
    skip_verify = true
    from_address = 发件邮箱地址
    from_name = Grafana

3、在grafana上测试邮件发送

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

4、此时我们的邮箱就会收到如下邮件内容

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

二、alertmanage配置

1、源码包下载（[https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.21.0/alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz][https_github.com_prometheus_alertmanager_releases_download_v0.21.0_alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz]）

# wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.21.0/alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    --2020-08-11 14:28:53--  https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.21.0/alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
    Resolving github.com (github.com)... 13.250.177.223
    Connecting to github.com (github.com)|13.250.177.223|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
    Location: https://github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com/11452538/19587800-b097-11ea-99a2-bb9057dfed21?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWNJYAX4CSVEH53A%2F20200811%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20200811T062854Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=e161ebb5efbd6a4784a8c1f603b3fe5a39e841d1fe4fc8681fb03dc59021d528&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&actor_id=0&repo_id=11452538&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dalertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream [following]
    --2020-08-11 14:28:54--  https://github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com/11452538/19587800-b097-11ea-99a2-bb9057dfed21?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWNJYAX4CSVEH53A%2F20200811%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20200811T062854Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=e161ebb5efbd6a4784a8c1f603b3fe5a39e841d1fe4fc8681fb03dc59021d528&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&actor_id=0&repo_id=11452538&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dalertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream
    Resolving github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com (github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com)... 52.216.162.227
    Connecting to github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com (github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com)|52.216.162.227|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 25710888 (25M) [application/octet-stream]
    Saving to: ‘alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz’
    
    100%[====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 25,710,888  5.24MB/s   in 5.1s   
    
    2020-08-11 14:29:00 (4.78 MB/s) - ‘alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz’ saved [25710888/25710888]

2、解压安装

# tar -xf alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C ../
    # cd ../
    # mv alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64/ alertmanager

3、编辑alertmanager.yml文件

global:
      resolve_timeout: 5m
      smtp_smarthost: "smtp.exmail.qq.com:25"
      smtp_from: "发件邮箱地址"
      smtp_auth_username: "发件邮箱地址"
      smtp_auth_password: "密码"
      smtp_require_tls: false
    
    
    route:
      group_by: ['alertname']
      group_wait: 10s
      group_interval: 10s
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: 'mail'
    receivers:
    - name: 'mail'
      mail_configs:
      - to: '收件邮箱地址'
    #inhibit_rules:
    #  - source_match:
    #      severity: 'critical'
    #    target_match:
    #      severity: 'warning'
    #    equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

5、检查配置是否生效

# ./amtool check-config alertmanager.yml
    Checking 'alertmanager.yml'  SUCCESS
    Found:
     - global config
     - route
     - 0 inhibit rules
     - 1 receivers
     - 0 templates

6、编写系统启动文件

# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service 
    
    [Unit]
    Description=Prometheus
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    # Type设置为notify时，服务会不断重启
    Type=simple
    User=root
    
    ExecStart=/home/gridcloud/alermanager/alermanager --config.file=/home/gridcloud/alermanager/alermanager.yml 
    Restart=on-failure
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

7、启动服务

# systemctl enable alertmanager
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/alertmanager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service.
    # systemctl start alertmanager
    # systemctl status alertmanager
    ● alertmanager.service - Alertmanager
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-08-11 14:55:03 CST; 2s ago
     Main PID: 17222 (alertmanager)
       CGroup: /system.slice/alertmanager.service
               └─17222 /home/gridcloud/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/home/gridcloud/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
    
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal systemd[1]: Started Alertmanager.
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal systemd[1]: Starting Alertmanager...
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal alertmanager[17222]: level=info ts=2020-08-11T06:55:03.758Z caller=main.go:216 msg="Starting Alertmanager" version="(version=0.21.0, branch=HEAD, revision=4c6c03ebfe21009c546e4d1e9b92c371d67c021d)"
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal alertmanager[17222]: level=info ts=2020-08-11T06:55:03.758Z caller=main.go:217 build_context="(go=go1.14.4, user=root@dee35927357f, date=20200617-08:54:02)"
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal alertmanager[17222]: level=info ts=2020-08-11T06:55:03.759Z caller=cluster.go:161 component=cluster msg="setting advertise address explicitly" addr=10.2.2.236 port=9094
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal alertmanager[17222]: level=info ts=2020-08-11T06:55:03.760Z caller=cluster.go:623 component=cluster msg="Waiting for gossip to settle..." interval=2s
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal alertmanager[17222]: level=info ts=2020-08-11T06:55:03.780Z caller=coordinator.go:119 component=configuration msg="Loading configuration file" file=/home/gridcloud/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal alertmanager[17222]: level=info ts=2020-08-11T06:55:03.780Z caller=coordinator.go:131 component=configuration msg="Completed loading of configuration file" file=/home/gridcloud/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
    Aug 11 14:55:03 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal alertmanager[17222]: level=info ts=2020-08-11T06:55:03.783Z caller=main.go:485 msg=Listening address=:9093
    Aug 11 14:55:05 ip-10-2-2-236.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal alertmanager[17222]: level=info ts=2020-08-11T06:55:05.760Z caller=cluster.go:648 component=cluster msg="gossip not settled" polls=0 before=0 now=1 elapsed=2.000074543s

8、修改prometheus的配置文件

# Alertmanager configuration
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
      - static_configs:
        - targets:
            - 0.0.0.0:9093
    
    # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
    rule_files:
       - "rules/*.yml"

9、重启prometheus服务

# systemctl restart prometheus

10、配置告警规则，以下是我是用的rule，第二个是其他人用的规则，我们可根据具体情况选择

# cat rules/host.yml
    groups:
      - name: host_alert
        rules:
    
    ### 硬盘 ###
    # 默认系统盘告警策略
        - alert: 主机系统盘80%
          expr: floor(100-((node_filesystem_avail{device!="rootfs", mountpoint="/"}*100)/(node_filesystem_size{device!="rootfs", mountpoint="/"}*0.95))) >= 80
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}%],告警初始时长为3分钟."
    
    # 默认120G内数据盘告警策略
        - alert: 主机数据盘90%
          expr: (floor(100-((node_filesystem_avail{device!="rootfs", mountpoint="/data"}*100)/(node_filesystem_size{device!="rootfs", mountpoint="/data"}*0.95))) >= 90) and (node_filesystem_size{device!="rootfs", mountpoint="/data"}/1024/1024/1024 <= 120)
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}%],告警初始时长为3分钟."
    
    # 默认120G以上数据盘告警策略
        - alert: 主机数据盘不足20G
          expr: (floor(node_filesystem_avail{device!="rootfs", mountpoint="/data"}/1024/1024/1024) <= 20) and (node_filesystem_size{device!="rootfs", mountpoint="/data"}/1024/1024/1024 > 120)
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}G],告警初始时长为3分钟."
    
    ### CPU ###
    
    # 默认CPU使用率告警策略
        - alert: 主机CPU90%
          expr: floor(100 - ( avg ( irate(node_cpu{mode='idle', hostname!~'consumer_service.*|backup_hk.*|bigdata.*master.*|3rdPart|htc_management|product_category_backend|sa_cluster_s.*'}[5m]) ) by (job, instance, hostname, desc) * 100 )) >= 90
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}%],告警初始时长为3分钟."
    
    # 持续时间较长的CPU使用率告警策略
        - alert: 主机CPU90%
          expr: floor(100 - ( avg ( irate(node_cpu{mode='idle', hostname=~'consumer_service.*|product_backend|sa_cluster_s.*'}[5m]) ) by (job, instance, hostname, desc) * 100 )) >= 90
          for: 12m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}%],告警初始时长为12分钟."
    
    
    # 持续时间较长的CPU使用率告警策略
        - alert: 主机CPU90%
          expr: floor(100 - ( avg ( irate(node_cpu{mode='idle', hostname=~'bigdata.*master.*|3rdPart|backup_hk.*'}[5m]) ) by (job, instance, hostname, desc) * 100 )) >= 90
          for: 48m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}%],告警初始时长为48分钟."
    
    ### 内存 ###
    # 默认内存使用率告警策略
        - alert: 主机内存95%
          expr: floor((node_memory_MemTotal - node_memory_MemFree - node_memory_Cached - node_memory_Buffers) / node_memory_MemTotal * 100) >= 95
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}%],告警初始时长为3分钟."
    
    ### 负载 ###
    # 默认负载过高告警策略
        - alert: 主机负载过高
          expr: floor(node_load1{hostname!~"sa_cluster_s.*|bigdata.*master.*"}) >= 20
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}],告警初始时长为3分钟."
    
    # 持续时间较长的负载过高告警策略
        - alert: 主机负载过高
          expr: floor(node_load1{hostname=~"sa_cluster_s.*|bigdata.*master.*"}) >= 20
          for: 12m
          labels:
            severity: warning
          annotations:
            description: "[{
       { $labels.desc }}],告警值为:[{
       { $value }}],告警初始时长为12分钟."

groups:
        - name: test-rules
          rules:
          - alert: InstanceDown
            expr: up == 0
            for: 2m
            labels:
              status: warning
            annotations:
              summary: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: has been down"
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: job {
       {$labels.job}} has been down"
        - name: base-monitor-rule
          rules:
          - alert: NodeCpuUsage
            expr: (100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu{job=~".*",mode="idle"}[2m])) * 100)) > 99
            for: 15m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: CPU usage is above 99% (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeMemUsage
            expr: avg by  (instance) ((1- (node_memory_MemFree{} + node_memory_Buffers{} + node_memory_Cached{})/node_memory_MemTotal{}) * 100) > 90
            for: 15m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: MEM usage is above 90% (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeDiskUsage
            expr: (1 - node_filesystem_free{fstype!="rootfs",mountpoint!="",mountpoint!~"/(run|var|sys|dev).*"} / node_filesystem_size) * 100 > 80
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: Disk usage is above 80% (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeFDUsage
            expr: avg by (instance) (node_filefd_allocated{} / node_filefd_maximum{}) * 100 > 80
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: File Descriptor usage is above 80% (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeLoad15
            expr: avg by (instance) (node_load15{}) > 100
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: Load15 is above 100 (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeAgentStatus
            expr: avg by (instance) (up{}) == 0
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: Node Agent is down (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeProcsBlocked
            expr: avg by (instance) (node_procs_blocked{}) > 100
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: Node Blocked Procs detected!(current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeTransmitRate
            expr:  avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_network_transmit_bytes{device="eth0"}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024)) > 100
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: Node Transmit Rate  is above 100MB/s (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeReceiveRate
            expr:  avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_network_receive_bytes{device="eth0"}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024)) > 100
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: Node Receive Rate  is above 100MB/s (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeDiskReadRate
            expr: avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_disk_bytes_read{}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024)) > 50
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: Node Disk Read Rate is above 50MB/s (current value is: {
       { $value }}"
          - alert: NodeDiskWriteRate
            expr: avg by (instance) (floor(irate(node_disk_bytes_written{}[2m]) / 1024 / 1024)) > 50
            for: 2m
            labels:
              service_name: test
              level: warning
            annotations:
              description: "{
       {$labels.instance}}: Node Disk Write Rate is above 50MB/s (current value is: {
       { $value }}"

11、此时我们可以登录[http://prometheus地址:9090/alerts][http_prometheus_9090_alerts]查看rules

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

12、告警测试，查看我们的状态

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

13、此时我们就看到我们的邮箱收到了邮件

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221124/fa493765c663468abc7acc9505908baf.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221124/295a229b91bf4f8983d298aaaa27ab58.png
[https_github.com_prometheus_alertmanager_releases_download_v0.21.0_alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz]: https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.21.0/alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[http_prometheus_9090_alerts]: http://loalhost:9090/alerts
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JhaWR1XzM4NDMyNzMy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221124/7c55fb6be79741e1bc5c1a50e00d84d9.png
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