vue项目使用electron打包桌面应用程序 exe

淩亂°似流年 2022-11-11 05:09 545阅读 0赞

客户需求，要求vue做一个桌面应用，很久没碰vue了，这里简单记录下。

我是用Hbulider X 创建的vue项目，electron打包vue项目为桌面应用。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

目录结构：

![20210319100415576.png][]

打包之前需要简单创建几个vue界面，同时安装axios和router，让页面可以正常跑起来。

main.js

import Vue from 'vue';
    import App from './App.vue';
    import VueRouter from 'vue-router';
    import axios from 'axios';
    import index from './components/index/index';
    import login from './components/login/login';
    import register from './components/register/register';
    
    
    Vue.use(VueRouter); //全局注册路由
    Vue.config.productionTip = false;
    // 避免每个页面引入axios,所以全局注册
    Vue.prototype.axios = axios;
    
    
    /* 定义路由页面 */
    const routes = [
    	// 这里 path: '/' 代表应用首页显示的内容
    	{
    		path: '/',
    		component: index
    	},
    	{
    		path: '/login',
    		component: login
    	},
    	{
    		path: '/register',
    		component: register
    	}
    ];
    const router = new VueRouter({
    	routes
    });
    
    new Vue({
    	router,
    	render: h => h(App),
    }).$mount('#app')

当前的package.json

{
    	"name": "web_desktop",
    	"version": "0.1.0",
    	"private": true,
    	"scripts": {
    		"serve": "vue-cli-service serve",
    		"build": "vue-cli-service build"
    	},
    	"dependencies": {
    		"axios": "^0.21.1",
    		"core-js": "^2.6.5",
    		"vue": "^2.6.10",
    		"vue-router": "^3.5.1"
    	},
    	"devDependencies": {
    		"@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "^3.8.0",
    		"@vue/cli-service": "^3.8.0",
    		"babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1",
    		"vue-template-compiler": "^2.6.10"
    	}
    }

根目录下需要创建一个 vue.config.js  为了防止页面一片空白，这里需要设置路径

module.exports = {
    	publicPath: "./"
    }

接下来 npm run serve  跑起来

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

ok、运行正常、没有报错、数据请求正常

接下来开始研究打包、之前接触过一个神器：electron

所以这里我们也可以用它，在vue中下载一个插件  vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder

package.json中添加一句、然后执行 npm install 安装，记得先删除 node\_modules  、npm如果太慢建议使用cnpm 、记得下载淘宝镜像

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

"devDependencies": {
    		"@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "^3.8.0",
    		"@vue/cli-service": "^3.8.0",
    		"electron": "6.0.0",
    		"babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1",
    		"vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder": "^1.4.0",
    		"vue-template-compiler": "^2.6.10"
    }

因为要打包成桌面应用exe、那么一定需要exe的一些设置，package.json中新增mani:background.js

"main": "background.js",

这里build.js是桌面应用的窗口的一些设置，包括宽高、菜单栏、图标等。

此时package.json完整代码

{
    	"name": "web_desktop",
    	"version": "0.1.0",
    	"private": true,
    	"scripts": {
    		"serve": "vue-cli-service serve",
    		"build": "vue-cli-service build"
    	},
    	"main": "background.js",
    	"dependencies": {
    		"axios": "^0.21.1",
    		"core-js": "^2.6.5",
    		"vue": "^2.6.10",
    		"vue-router": "^3.5.1"
    	},
    	"devDependencies": {
    		"@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "^3.8.0",
    		"@vue/cli-service": "^3.8.0",
    		"babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1",
    		"vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder": "^1.4.0",
    		"vue-template-compiler": "^2.6.10"
    	}
    }

background.js完整代码

import {
    	app,
    	protocol,
    	BrowserWindow
    } from 'electron'
    import {
    	createProtocol,
    	installVueDevtools
    } from 'vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder/lib'
    const isDevelopment = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production'
    
    let win
    
    protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged([{
    	scheme: 'app',
    	privileges: {
    		secure: true,
    		standard: true
    	}
    }])
    
    function createWindow() {
    	
    	win = new BrowserWindow({
    		width: 800,
    		height: 600,
    		webPreferences: {
    			nodeIntegration: true
    		}
    	})
    
    	if (process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL) {
    		win.loadURL(process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL)
    		if (!process.env.IS_TEST) win.webContents.openDevTools()
    	} else {
    		createProtocol('app')
    		win.loadURL('app://./index.html')
    	}
    
    	win.on('closed', () => {
    		win = null
    	})
    }
    
    app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
    	if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
    		app.quit()
    	}
    })
    
    app.on('activate', () => {
    	if (win === null) {
    		createWindow()
    	}
    })
    
    app.on('ready', async () => {
    	if (isDevelopment && !process.env.IS_TEST) {
    
    	}
    	createWindow()
    })
    
    if (isDevelopment) {
    	if (process.platform === 'win32') {
    		process.on('message', data => {
    			if (data === 'graceful-exit') {
    				app.quit()
    			}
    		})
    	} else {
    		process.on('SIGTERM', () => {
    			app.quit()
    		})
    	}
    }

接下来，需要设置下 vue.config.js  打包的配置、我这里只需要64位的，

module.exports = {
    	publicPath: "./",
    	pluginOptions: {
    		electronBuilder: {
    			builderOptions: {
    				"win": { //win相关配置
    					"icon": "ui.ico", //图标，当前图标在根目录下，
    					"target": [{
    						"target": "nsis", //利用nsis制作安装程序
    						"arch": [
    							"x64" //64位
    						]
    					}]
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    	}
    }

接下来要去打包，需要先在 package.json 中写两个命令

"electron:build": "vue-cli-service electron:build",
    "electron:serve": "vue-cli-service electron:serve"

此时 package.json 的完整代码

{
    	"name": "web_desktop",
    	"version": "0.1.0",
    	"private": true,
    	"scripts": {
    		"serve": "vue-cli-service serve",
    		"build": "vue-cli-service build",
    		"electron:build": "vue-cli-service electron:build",
    		"electron:serve": "vue-cli-service electron:serve"
    	},
    	"main": "background.js",
    	"dependencies": {
    		"axios": "^0.21.1",
    		"core-js": "^2.6.5",
    		"vue": "^2.6.10",
    		"vue-router": "^3.5.1"
    	},
    	"devDependencies": {
    		"@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "^3.8.0",
    		"@vue/cli-service": "^3.8.0",
    		"babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1",
    		"vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder": "^1.4.0",
    		"vue-template-compiler": "^2.6.10"
    	}
    }

接下来、开始打包 执行命令 npm run electron:build

打包前可以先执行预览看看  npm run electron:serve

打包成功

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

安装到桌面

![20210319112923447.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

应用名称和打开后左上角的名称需要在代码中修改

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

这里需要注意、名称不能是中文否则会报错、如果需要中文名称怎么办、需要更改配置 、还记得 vue.config.js 吗

"productName": "桌面应用",

vue.config.js 的完整代码

module.exports = {
    	publicPath: "./",
    	pluginOptions: {
    		electronBuilder: {
    			builderOptions: {
    				"productName": "桌面应用", //项目名，也是生成的安装文件名 桌面应用.exe
    				"win": { //win相关配置
    					"icon": "ui.ico", //图标，当前图标在根目录下，注意这里有两个坑
    					"target": [{
    						"target": "nsis", //利用nsis制作安装程序
    						"arch": [
    							"x64" //64位
    						]
    					}]
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    	}
    }

修改名称之后重新打包

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

到此为止基本就搞定了！

但是有几个地方需要注意，一个是打包之后的优化、

打包成功之后，打开应用后、左上角的图标可能会不显示、

这里ico 格式简单说下，我之前的ico是256\*256的、但是有点大 264kb、压缩到100kb以内后、左上角图标可以正常显示了。

第二个需要优化的，就是左上角的菜单栏、我这里不需要显示

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

这里需要在 background.js 中设置

const electron = require('electron')
    const Menu = electron.Menu
    
    Menu.setApplicationMenu(null)

此时 background.js 完整代码

import {
    	app,
    	protocol,
    	BrowserWindow
    } from 'electron'
    import {
    	createProtocol,
    	installVueDevtools
    } from 'vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder/lib'
    const isDevelopment = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production'
    
    let win
    
    protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged([{
    	scheme: 'app',
    	privileges: {
    		secure: true,
    		standard: true
    	}
    }])
    
    const electron = require('electron')
    const Menu = electron.Menu
    
    function createWindow() {
    	
    	// 这句话的作用是关闭窗口左上角的菜单栏
    	Menu.setApplicationMenu(null)	
    	
    	win = new BrowserWindow({
    		width: 800,
    		height: 600,
    		icon: 'ui.ico', 
    		webPreferences: {
    			nodeIntegration: true
    		}
    	})
    
    	if (process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL) {
    		win.loadURL(process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL)
    		if (!process.env.IS_TEST) win.webContents.openDevTools()
    	} else {
    		createProtocol('app')
    		win.loadURL('app://./index.html')
    	}
    
    	win.on('closed', () => {
    		win = null
    	})
    }
    
    app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
    	if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
    		app.quit()
    	}
    })
    
    app.on('activate', () => {
    	if (win === null) {
    		createWindow()
    	}
    })
    
    app.on('ready', async () => {
    	if (isDevelopment && !process.env.IS_TEST) {
    
    	}
    	createWindow()
    })
    
    if (isDevelopment) {
    	if (process.platform === 'win32') {
    		process.on('message', data => {
    			if (data === 'graceful-exit') {
    				app.quit()
    			}
    		})
    	} else {
    		process.on('SIGTERM', () => {
    			app.quit()
    		})
    	}
    }

优化之后的样子

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

接下来就是我在打包过程中遇到的比较难受的问题、资源下载的时候要么速度特别慢、要么就是被远程连接强制关闭，github访问的问题也不是一两天了，我比较倒霉吧，别说下载了，打都打不开。

各种搜索，终于在一位大神的博客下找到了下载链接。

### 加速下载 electron  [下载链接][Link 1] ###

**各个依赖包下载路径及安装位置**

直接将下载好的文件解压在路径下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]   ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

下载依赖路径这里参考了一位大佬的博客，完美的解决了我的问题

大佬博客地址：[https://juejin.cn/post/6844903873438547976][https_juejin.cn_post_6844903873438547976]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JyaWdodDIwMTc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221022/401b20c39e2e45e7a357b1ef7f1f5629.png
[20210319100415576.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210319100415576.png
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[20210319112923447.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210319112923447.png
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[Link 1]: https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/electron/12.0.1/
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[https_juejin.cn_post_6844903873438547976]: https://juejin.cn/post/6844903873438547976