Netty4服务端和客户端实现

女爷i 2022-11-01 13:43 381阅读 0赞

**目录**

目标

代码UML类图

服务端

客户端

Netty4实现服务端

Netty4实现客户端

测试

小结

--------------------

# 目标 #

用netty4实现一个服务端和客户端，两者之间可以进行测试通信

# 代码UML类图 #

## 服务端 ##

![server.png][]

## 客户端 ##

![singleClient.png][]

# Netty4实现服务端 #

`服务类`

package com.mym.netty.server;
    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.*;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
    
    /**
     * netty服务端
     */
    public class NettyServer {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            startServer();
        }
    
        public static void startServer(){
            //1.定义server启动类
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
    
            //2.定义工作组:boss分发请求给各个worker:boss负责监听端口请求，worker负责处理请求（读写）
            EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    
            //3.定义工作组
            serverBootstrap.group(boss,worker);
    
            //4.设置通道channel
            serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);//A
            //serverBootstrap.channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory(NioServerSocketChannel.class));//旧版本的写法，但是此过程在A中有同样过程
    
            //5.添加handler，管道中的处理器，通过ChannelInitializer来构造
            serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
                    //此方法每次客户端连接都会调用，是为通道初始化的方法
    
                    //获得通道channel中的管道链（执行链、handler链）
                    ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline();
                    pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder());
                    pipeline.addLast("serverHandler1",new ServerHandler());
                    pipeline.addLast("serverHandler2",new ServerHandler2());
                    pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder());
    
                    System.out.println("success to initHandler!");
                }
            });
    
            //6.设置参数
            //设置参数，TCP参数
            serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 2048);         //连接缓冲池的大小
            serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);//维持链接的活跃，清除死链接
            serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true);//关闭延迟发送
    
            //7.绑定ip和port
            try {
                ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind("0.0.0.0", 9099).sync();//Future模式的channel对象
                //7.5.监听关闭
                channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();  //等待服务关闭，关闭后应该释放资源
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("server start got exception!");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                //8.优雅的关闭资源
                boss.shutdownGracefully();
                worker.shutdownGracefully();
            }
    
        }
    }

`Handler1`

package com.mym.netty.server;
    
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
    
    public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
    
        /*
        * ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter：ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter是ChannelInboundHandler的一个简单实现，默认情况下不会做任何处理，
        *   只是简单的将操作通过fire*方法传递到ChannelPipeline中的下一个ChannelHandler中让链中的下一个ChannelHandler去处理。
        *
        * SimpleChannelInboundHandler：SimpleChannelInboundHandler支持泛型的消息处理，默认情况下消息处理完将会被自动释放，无法提供
        *   fire*方法传递给ChannelPipeline中的下一个ChannelHandler,如果想要传递给下一个ChannelHandler需要调用ReferenceCountUtil#retain方法。
        * */
    
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("ServerHandler receive msg:"+msg.toString());
    
            //写消息：先得到channel，在写如通道然后flush刷新通道把消息发出去。
            ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("this is ServerHandler reply msg happend at !"+System.currentTimeMillis());
    
            //把消息往下一个Handler传
            ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
        }
    }

`Handler2`

package com.mym.netty.server;
    
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
    
    public class ServerHandler2  extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("ServerHandler2 receive msg:"+msg.toString());
            ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("this is ServerHandler2 reply msg happend at !"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
    }

# Netty4实现客户端 #

`客户端服务类`

package com.mym.netty.client;
    
    import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
    import io.netty.channel.*;
    import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
    import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
    import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    /**
     * netty客户端
     */
    public class NettySingleClient {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            startClient();
        }
    
        public static void startClient(){
            //1.定义服务类
            Bootstrap clientBootstap = new Bootstrap();
    
            //2.定义执行线程组
            EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    
            //3.设置线程池
            clientBootstap.group(worker);
    
            //4.设置通道
            clientBootstap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
    
            //5.添加Handler
            clientBootstap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("client channel init!");
                    ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline();
                    pipeline.addLast("StringDecoder",new StringDecoder());
                    pipeline.addLast("StringEncoder",new StringEncoder());
                    pipeline.addLast("ClientHandler",new ClientHandler());
                }
            });
    
            //6.建立连接
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = clientBootstap.connect("0.0.0.0",9099);
            try {
                //7.测试输入
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                while(true){
                    System.out.println("请输入：");
                    String msg = bufferedReader.readLine();
                    channelFuture.channel().writeAndFlush(msg);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                //8.关闭连接
                worker.shutdownGracefully();
            }
        }
    }

`客户端的handler`

package com.mym.netty.client;
    
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
    import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
    
    public class ClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("client receive msg:"+msg.toString());
        }
    }

# 测试 #

启动服务端和客户端后，客户端发送nihao!服务端回应，然后客户端发送hello，服务端回应。   
`服务端输出`

success to initHandler!
    ServerHandler receive msg:nihao！
    ServerHandler2 receive msg:nihao！
    ServerHandler receive msg:hello
    ServerHandler2 receive msg:hello

`客户端输出`

client channel init!
    请输入：
    nihao！
    请输入：
    client receive msg:this is ServerHandler reply msg happend at !1531893027697this is ServerHandler2 reply msg happend at !1531893027698
    hello
    请输入：
    client receive msg:this is ServerHandler reply msg happend at !1531893045446this is ServerHandler2 reply msg happend at !1531893045447

# 小结 #

需要注意的是，服务端和客户端除了启动类和socket channel不一样以外，其他几乎一致的操作。

[server.png]: /images/20221024/f188f462209f4da1aa63746dac4c18d6.png
[singleClient.png]: /images/20221024/489c057a0da940ab9dac67078443cdb6.png