Spring Native实战(畅快体验79毫秒启动springboot应用)

快来打我* 2022-10-14 15:49 185阅读 0赞

### 欢迎访问我的GitHub ###

> 这里分类和汇总了欣宸的全部原创(含配套源码)：[https://github.com/zq2599/blog\_demos][https_github.com_zq2599_blog_demos]

### 关于Spring Native ###

*  [Spring官方博客][Spring]于2021年03月11日宣布Spring Native的beta版本发布，借助Spring Native可以将spring应用与GraalVM集成到native image中；
 *  native image是GraalVM的一项技术，会将java应用的字节码编译成可执行文件，还会与JDK的本地库做静态链接，运行应用时无需Java虚拟机，自身已集成了内存管理，线程调度等能力，更多信息请参考：https://www.graalvm.org/reference-manual/native-image/
 *  本文以实战为主，因此不会用太多篇幅介绍Spring Native的理论和优势，这里简单小结几个重要特性：

1.  应用启动速度不超过100毫秒；
2.  启动即达到性能峰值（C1、C2等手段已经用不上了）
3.  运行时更低的内存消耗；
4.  docker镜像不含JDK（所需文件已经抽取出来放入镜像），官方展示的含有Spring Boot, Spring MVC, Jackson, Tomcat的镜像大小是50M；
5.  为了达到前面的效果，代价是构建时间更长；

### Spring Native到底是什么 ###

个人的理解：Spring Native是Spring提供的、制作native image的技术方案，涉及到以下关键技术：

1.  Spring ahead-of-time (AOT) 插件，对spring应用做AOT处理，使得传统虚拟机的class lazy loading在不复存在；
2.  spring-boot-maven-plugin插件在构建docker镜像的时候，使用了名为dmikusa/graalvm-tiny的镜像作为构建工具，这个工具负责将当前工程的构建结果和GraalVM集成在一起，最终制作成native image；

### 本篇概览 ###

作为实战风格的文章，本篇主要内容是开发springboot应用再构建为native image，然后验证其功能和效果，本文由以下内容构成：

1.  环境信息
2.  新建名为spring-native-tutorials的maven父工程，对实战用到的依赖库、插件等做统一配置；
3.  新建名为webmvc的maven子工程，这是个springboot应用；
4.  将webmvc构建为native image，这是个docker镜像；
5.  在docker中启动镜像，验证是否可用，并检查相关相关指标；

### 环境信息 ###

本次实战相关的环境信息如下：

1.  电脑：MacBook pro 13寸 2018
2.  操作系统：macOS Big Sur 11.2.3
3.  IDE：IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.5 (Ultimate Edition)
4.  docker：20.10.5
5.  JDK：1.8.0\_211
6.  maven：3.6.0
7.  springboot：2.5.0-SNAPSHOT
8.  spring-aot-maven-plugin：0.10.0-SNAPSHOT

### 源码下载 ###

*  本篇实战中的完整源码可在GitHub下载到，地址和链接信息如下表所示(https://github.com/zq2599/blog\_demos)：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th align="left">名称</th> 
   <th align="left">链接</th> 
   <th align="left">备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">项目主页</td> 
   <td align="left">https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos</td> 
   <td align="left">该项目在GitHub上的主页</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">git仓库地址(https)</td> 
   <td align="left">https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git</td> 
   <td align="left">该项目源码的仓库地址，https协议</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">git仓库地址(ssh)</td> 
   <td align="left">git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git</td> 
   <td align="left">该项目源码的仓库地址，ssh协议</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

*  这个git项目中有多个文件夹，本次实战的源码在spring-native-tutorials文件夹下，如下图红框所示：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][20210522191229443.png_pic_center]

### 新建名为spring-native-tutorials的maven父工程 ###

*  对Spring Native的学习不是写出helloworld就完事，因此这里先创建一个父工程，为今后所有的应用提供统一的依赖库、插件管理；
 *  新建名为spring-native-tutorials的maven父工程，pom.xml内容如下，有几处要注意的地方稍后提到：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <modules>
            <module>webmvc</module>
        </modules>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <relativePath/>
        </parent>
    
        <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-native-tutorials</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            
            <classifier/>
    
            
            <native.build.args/>
    
            
            <builder>dmikusa/graalvm-tiny</builder>
    
            
            <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.2</spring-cloud.version>
        </properties>
    
        
        <pluginRepositories>
            <pluginRepository>
                <id>spring-release</id>
                <name>Spring release</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/release</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </pluginRepository>
            <pluginRepository>
                <id>spring-milestone</id>
                <name>Spring milestone</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </pluginRepository>
            <pluginRepository>
                <id>spring-snapshot</id>
                <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
                <releases>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </releases>
            </pluginRepository>
        </pluginRepositories>
    
        
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-release</id>
                <name>Spring release</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/release</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestone</id>
                <name>Spring milestone</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-snapshot</id>
                <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
                <releases>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </releases>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-native</artifactId>
                    <version>0.10.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        
        <build>
            <pluginManagement>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <classifier>${classifier}</classifier>
                            <image>
                                <builder>${builder}</builder>
                                <env>
                                    <BP_NATIVE_IMAGE>true</BP_NATIVE_IMAGE>
                                    <BP_NATIVE_IMAGE_BUILD_ARGUMENTS>${native.build.args}</BP_NATIVE_IMAGE_BUILD_ARGUMENTS>
                                </env>
                                
                                <pullPolicy>IF_NOT_PRESENT</pullPolicy>
                            </image>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
    
                    
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-aot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>0.10.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>test-generate</id>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>test-generate</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                            <execution>
                                <id>generate</id>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>generate</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </pluginManagement>
        </build>
    </project>

*  上述pom.xml有以下几处需要注意：

1.  插件仓库、依赖库仓库、依赖库版本的配置都集中在这里；
2.  配置好spring-aot-maven-plugin和spring-boot-maven-plugin这两个插件，子工程会用到；
3.  spring-boot-maven-plugin插件制作docker镜像的时候，又会用到dmikusa/graalvm-tiny镜像，这才是真正构建native image的工具；

### 新建springboot类型的maven子工程 ###

*  新建名为webmvc的子工程，pom.xml内容如下，可见内容很简单，就是常规依赖库和父工程配置的两个插件，一个负责执行AOT，一个负责构建镜像：

*  代码很简单，一个普通的springboot应用，带http接口：

package com.bolingcavalry.webmvc;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import java.time.LocalDateTime;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @RestController
    public class WebmvcApplication { 
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) { 
    		SpringApplication.run(WebmvcApplication.class, args);
    	}
    
    	@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.ACCEPTED)
    	@GetMapping("/status")
    	public String status() { 
    		return "status";
    	}
    
    	@GetMapping("/")
    	public String hello() { 
    		return "1. Hello from Spring MVC and Tomcat, " + LocalDateTime.now();
    	}
    }

*  现在编码已完成，来构建docker镜像吧，进入父工程的pom.xml所在目录，执行以下命令：

mvn clean -U -DskipTests spring-boot:build-image

*  构建成功后输出信息如下（篇幅所限仅截取最后一小段）,耗时4分25秒，期间笔记本风扇狂转：

...
    [INFO] Successfully built image 'docker.io/library/webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT'
    [INFO] 
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Reactor Summary for spring-native-tutorials 1.0-SNAPSHOT:
    [INFO] 
    [INFO] spring-native-tutorials ............................ SUCCESS [  1.786 s]
    [INFO] webmvc ............................................. SUCCESS [04:19 min]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time:  04:25 min
    [INFO] Finished at: 2021-05-22T16:36:44+08:00
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [WARNING] The requested profile "nexus" could not be activated because it does not exist.

*  执行docker images命令，如下图，可见镜像已经生成：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JvbGluZ19jYXZhbHJ5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]
 *  查看镜像构成，可见每个layer都不大，共计七十多M：

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ docker history webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT
    IMAGE          CREATED        CREATED BY   SIZE      COMMENT
    b8ff54813ae0   41 years ago                69B
    <missing>      41 years ago                452kB
    <missing>      41 years ago                2.51MB
    <missing>      41 years ago                57.2MB
    <missing>      41 years ago                1.4MB
    <missing>      41 years ago                268B
    <missing>      41 years ago                17.3MB

*  镜像构建成功，可以验证基本功能了；

### 验证 ###

*  执行以下命令，创建一个临时容器（控制台结束后容器会被清理掉）：

docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT

*  控制台输出如下，79毫秒启动完成，真是一眨间的功夫：

(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT
    2021-05-22 09:34:57.578  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.nativex.NativeListener               : This application is bootstrapped with code generated with Spring AOT
    
      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.0-SNAPSHOT) 2021-05-22 09:34:57.586 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication : Starting WebmvcApplication using Java 1.8.0_292 on 3529ec458896 with PID 1 (/workspace/com.bolingcavalry.webmvc.WebmvcApplication started by cnb in /workspace) 2021-05-22 09:34:57.586 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2021-05-22 09:34:57.661 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"] May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal INFO: Starting service [Tomcat] May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal INFO: Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.46] May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log INFO: Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2021-05-22 09:34:57.669 INFO 1 --- [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 79 ms May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"] 2021-05-22 09:34:57.713 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
    2021-05-22 09:34:57.713  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication             : Started WebmvcApplication in 0.178 seconds (JVM running for 0.19)
    2021-05-22 09:34:57.713  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.ApplicationAvailabilityBean      : Application availability state LivenessState changed to CORRECT
    2021-05-22 09:34:57.714  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.ApplicationAvailabilityBean      : Application availability state ReadinessState changed to ACCEPTING_TRAFFIC

*  浏览器访问本机8080端口，如下图，应用基本功能正常：  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JvbGluZ19jYXZhbHJ5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]
 *  再看看资源使用情况，命令是docker stats，如下可见，内存仅用了30M：

CONTAINER ID   NAME               CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O           BLOCK I/O     PIDS
    6ce6c66fb4de   jovial_hertz       0.11%     30.69MiB / 3.844GiB   0.78%     1.49kB / 158B     4.31MB / 0B   18

*  我曾经在hub.docker.com上放了一个传统springboot应用制作的镜像bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT，现在拿来和Spring Native镜像对比一下，启动信息如下，耗时2036毫秒：

(base) zhaoqindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhaoqin$ docker run --rm -P docker.io/bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    
      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.6.RELEASE) 2021-05-22 11:13:28.121 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : Starting HellojibApplication on ffb32e5b68b9 with PID 1 (/app/classes started by root in /) 2021-05-22 11:13:28.128 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2021-05-22 11:13:30.000 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2021-05-22 11:13:30.054 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2021-05-22 11:13:30.054 INFO 1 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.21] 2021-05-22 11:13:30.241 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2021-05-22 11:13:30.241 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2036 ms 2021-05-22 11:13:30.715 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2021-05-22 11:13:31.103 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2021-05-22 11:13:31.110 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : Started HellojibApplication in 3.618 seconds (JVM running for 4.297) 2021-05-22 11:13:48.866 INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2021-05-22 11:13:48.866 INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
    2021-05-22 11:13:48.880  INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 14 ms

*  再用docker stats对比内存，传统springboot应用的容器消耗了三百多兆内存：

CONTAINER ID   NAME               CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O           BLOCK I/O     PIDS
    ffb32e5b68b9   eager_williamson   0.64%     356.3MiB / 3.844GiB   9.05%     3.46kB / 2.29kB   0B / 0B       31
    6ce6c66fb4de   jovial_hertz       0.11%     30.69MiB / 3.844GiB   0.78%     1.49kB / 158B     4.31MB / 0B   18

*  综上所述，Spring Native带来的优势是很明显的，不过**请注意**：2021年03月11日官方宣布的Spring Native只是beta版本，请不要用于生产环境！！！

### 下载插件失败 ###

在实际操作过程中，经常会遇到maven插件或者docker镜像下载失败的情况，除了多试几次，您还可以考虑将项目放到github上去，借助github action在云端完成镜像构建，具体操作请参考[《用GitHub Actions制作Docker镜像》][GitHub Actions_Docker]

### 不用开发，直接体验 ###

*  我已将镜像上传到hub.docker.com，完整名称是bolingcavalry/webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT，如果您只想体验一下native image的效果可以直接下载该镜像使用；

### 你不孤单，欣宸原创一路相伴 ###

1.  [Java系列][Java]
2.  [Spring系列][Spring 1]
3.  [Docker系列][Docker]
4.  [kubernetes系列][kubernetes]
5.  [数据库+中间件系列][Link 1]
6.  [DevOps系列][DevOps]

[https_github.com_zq2599_blog_demos]: https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos
[Spring]: https://spring.io/blog/2021/03/11/announcing-spring-native-beta
[20210522191229443.png_pic_center]: /images/20221014/4385443da69f41ffa8fb956c7ee361ca.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JvbGluZ19jYXZhbHJ5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221014/802ee64a172746af9c89914e1ef1672e.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2JvbGluZ19jYXZhbHJ5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: /images/20221014/c3dfe634f5e8482db88800e718c4c962.png
[GitHub Actions_Docker]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/115476859
[Java]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105068742
[Spring 1]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105086498
[Docker]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105086732
[kubernetes]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105086794
[Link 1]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105086850
[DevOps]: https://xinchen.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105086920