MCU_STM32F4XX_HAL_ADC_Start_DMA只能触发一次的问题

心已赠人 2022-10-10 12:42 323阅读 0赞

说明：这可能是STM32F4XX芯片的一个BUG。有些时候，单片机的问题非常奇怪，单一功能使用的时候没有问题，但同样的代码，在大型工程中漏洞百出；作为用户，我们无法知道芯片内部到底发生了什么，因为也只能一步步随机尝试。

问题：一个大型工程，在加入ADC的时候，发现HAL\_ADC\_Start\_DMA始终只能触发一次，后续无论怎么Start，都没能成功。

在记录一下追踪的前因后果和解决方案。

## 使用STM32CubeMX的精简调试方案没有问题 ##

在找问题的过程中，首先是用CubeMX创建一个工程调试一下。为了简洁，去掉几乎所有的功能，只开启了System core中的RCC/SYS，以及ADC要调试的8个通道。代码非常简洁，我全部贴在下面，

Main.c

在该文件中，大家只要看MX\_ADC3\_Init就够了，不过下面的代码中，有两个地方值得注意，

hadc3.Init.ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;  这个在实际应用中要改为DISABLE。  
  hadc3.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;  这个一定要设置为DISABLE，否则开启一次后就会没完没了的采样，然后调用DMA中断，太耗资源了。本项目10mS左右采样一次，不需要这个。

如下

#include "main.h"
    
    
    ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc3;
    DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_adc3;
    
    void SystemClock_Config(void);
    static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
    static void MX_DMA_Init(void);
    static void MX_ADC3_Init(void);
    
     uint32_t AD_DMA[8];
     
     float AD_DMA_COPY[8];
     int flag = 0;
     
     void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* AdcHandle)
    {
      //[i] Turn LED1 on: Transfer process is correct [/i]/
     // BSP_LED_On(LED1);
    	//HAL_GPIO_WritePin (GPIOF,GPIO_PIN_6,GPIO_PIN_SET );
    	 AD_DMA_COPY[0] = (float)AD_DMA[0];
    	  AD_DMA_COPY[1] = (float)AD_DMA[1];
    	  AD_DMA_COPY[2] = (float)AD_DMA[2];
    	  AD_DMA_COPY[3] = (float)AD_DMA[3];
    	  AD_DMA_COPY[4] = (float)AD_DMA[4];
    	  AD_DMA_COPY[5] = (float)AD_DMA[5];
    	  AD_DMA_COPY[6] = (float)AD_DMA[6];
    	  AD_DMA_COPY[7] = (float)AD_DMA[7];
    }
    
    
    int main(void)
    {  
      uint8_t idx = 0;
      HAL_Init();
      SystemClock_Config();
      
      MX_GPIO_Init();
      MX_DMA_Init();
      MX_ADC3_Init();
       
      while (1)
      {
       
    	  for(idx=0; idx<8;idx++){
    		  AD_DMA_COPY[idx]=0;
    	  }
    	  
    	  if(flag)
    		HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc3, AD_DMA, 8);
          HAL_Delay(1000);    
      }
      
    }
    
    /**
      * @brief System Clock Configuration
      * @retval None
      */
    void SystemClock_Config(void)
    {
      RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
      RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
    
      /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
      */
      __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
      __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
      /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
      * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
      */
      RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
      RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
      RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
      RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
      RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
      RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 336;
      RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
      RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 7;
      if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }
      /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
      */
      RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                                  |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
      RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
      RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
      RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
      RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
    
      if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }
    }
    
    /**
      * @brief ADC3 Initialization Function
      * @param None
      * @retval None
      */
    static void MX_ADC3_Init(void)
    { 
    
      ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0}; 
    
      hadc3.Instance = ADC3;
      hadc3.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV4;
      hadc3.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
      hadc3.Init.ScanConvMode = ENABLE;
      hadc3.Init.ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
      hadc3.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
      hadc3.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
      hadc3.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
      hadc3.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
      hadc3.Init.NbrOfConversion = 8;
      hadc3.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
      hadc3.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SEQ_CONV;
      if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc3) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      } 
    
      sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_4;
      sConfig.Rank = 1;
      sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_3CYCLES;
      if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc3, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }  
    
      sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_5;
      sConfig.Rank = 2;
      if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc3, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }
     
      sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_6;
      sConfig.Rank = 3;
      if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc3, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }
      
      sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_7;
      sConfig.Rank = 4;
      if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc3, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }
      
      sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_8;
      sConfig.Rank = 5;
      if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc3, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }
     
      sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_9;
      sConfig.Rank = 6;
      if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc3, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }
     
      sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_14;
      sConfig.Rank = 7;
      if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc3, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      }
     
      sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_15;
      sConfig.Rank = 8;
      if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc3, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
      {
        Error_Handler();
      } 
    
    }
    
    static void MX_DMA_Init(void)
    {
    
      /* DMA controller clock enable */
      __HAL_RCC_DMA2_CLK_ENABLE();
    
      /* DMA interrupt init */
      /* DMA2_Stream0_IRQn interrupt configuration */
      HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA2_Stream0_IRQn, 0, 0);
      HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA2_Stream0_IRQn);
    
    }
    
    static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
    {
    
      /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
      __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
      __HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
      __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
      __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

stm32f4xx\_hal\_msp.c

该文件中，有用的只有一个函数HAL\_ADC\_MspInit，

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
    /**
      ******************************************************************************
      * @file         stm32f4xx_hal_msp.c
      * @brief        This file provides code for the MSP Initialization
      *               and de-Initialization codes.
      ******************************************************************************
      * @attention
      *
      * <h2><center>© Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
      * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
      *
      * This software component is licensed by ST under Ultimate Liberty license
      * SLA0044, the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with
      * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
      *                             www.st.com/SLA0044
      *
      ******************************************************************************
      */
    /* USER CODE END Header */
    
    /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
    #include "main.h"
    /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
    
    /* USER CODE END Includes */
    extern DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_adc3;
    
    /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* USER CODE BEGIN TD */
    
    /* USER CODE END TD */
    
    /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* USER CODE BEGIN Define */
    
    /* USER CODE END Define */
    
    /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* USER CODE BEGIN Macro */
    
    /* USER CODE END Macro */
    
    /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
    
    /* USER CODE END PV */
    
    /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
    /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
    
    /* USER CODE END PFP */
    
    /* External functions --------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* USER CODE BEGIN ExternalFunctions */
    
    /* USER CODE END ExternalFunctions */
    
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
    
    /* USER CODE END 0 */
    /**
      * Initializes the Global MSP.
      */
    void HAL_MspInit(void)
    {
      /* USER CODE BEGIN MspInit 0 */
    
      /* USER CODE END MspInit 0 */
    
      __HAL_RCC_SYSCFG_CLK_ENABLE();
      __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
    
      /* System interrupt init*/
    
      /* USER CODE BEGIN MspInit 1 */
    
      /* USER CODE END MspInit 1 */
    }
    
    /**
    * @brief ADC MSP Initialization
    * This function configures the hardware resources used in this example
    * @param hadc: ADC handle pointer
    * @retval None
    */
    void HAL_ADC_MspInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
    {
      GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
      if(hadc->Instance==ADC3)
      {
      /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC3_MspInit 0 */
    
      /* USER CODE END ADC3_MspInit 0 */
        /* Peripheral clock enable */
        __HAL_RCC_ADC3_CLK_ENABLE();
    
        __HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
        /**ADC3 GPIO Configuration
        PF3     ------> ADC3_IN9
        PF4     ------> ADC3_IN14
        PF5     ------> ADC3_IN15
        PF6     ------> ADC3_IN4
        PF7     ------> ADC3_IN5
        PF8     ------> ADC3_IN6
        PF9     ------> ADC3_IN7
        PF10     ------> ADC3_IN8
        */
        GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_3|GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6
                              |GPIO_PIN_7|GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
        HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOF, &GPIO_InitStruct);
    
        /* ADC3 DMA Init */
        /* ADC3 Init */
        hdma_adc3.Instance = DMA2_Stream0;
        hdma_adc3.Init.Channel = DMA_CHANNEL_2;
        hdma_adc3.Init.Direction = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;
        hdma_adc3.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
        hdma_adc3.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
        hdma_adc3.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_WORD;
        hdma_adc3.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_WORD;
        hdma_adc3.Init.Mode = DMA_CIRCULAR;
        hdma_adc3.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;
        hdma_adc3.Init.FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
        if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_adc3) != HAL_OK)
        {
          Error_Handler();
        }
    
        __HAL_LINKDMA(hadc,DMA_Handle,hdma_adc3);
    
      /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC3_MspInit 1 */
    
      /* USER CODE END ADC3_MspInit 1 */
      }
    
    }
    
    /**
    * @brief ADC MSP De-Initialization
    * This function freeze the hardware resources used in this example
    * @param hadc: ADC handle pointer
    * @retval None
    */
    void HAL_ADC_MspDeInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
    {
      if(hadc->Instance==ADC3)
      {
      /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC3_MspDeInit 0 */
    
      /* USER CODE END ADC3_MspDeInit 0 */
        /* Peripheral clock disable */
        __HAL_RCC_ADC3_CLK_DISABLE();
    
        /**ADC3 GPIO Configuration
        PF3     ------> ADC3_IN9
        PF4     ------> ADC3_IN14
        PF5     ------> ADC3_IN15
        PF6     ------> ADC3_IN4
        PF7     ------> ADC3_IN5
        PF8     ------> ADC3_IN6
        PF9     ------> ADC3_IN7
        PF10     ------> ADC3_IN8
        */
        HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOF, GPIO_PIN_3|GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6
                              |GPIO_PIN_7|GPIO_PIN_8|GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);
    
        /* ADC3 DMA DeInit */
        HAL_DMA_DeInit(hadc->DMA_Handle);
      /* USER CODE BEGIN ADC3_MspDeInit 1 */
    
      /* USER CODE END ADC3_MspDeInit 1 */
      }
    
    }
    
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
    
    /* USER CODE END 1 */
    
    /************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

然后是stm32f4xx\_it.c，这里只有一句是有用的，就不贴全部代码了，

void DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler(void)
    {
      /* USER CODE BEGIN DMA2_Stream0_IRQn 0 */
    
      /* USER CODE END DMA2_Stream0_IRQn 0 */
      HAL_DMA_IRQHandler(&hdma_adc3);
      /* USER CODE BEGIN DMA2_Stream0_IRQn 1 */
    
      /* USER CODE END DMA2_Stream0_IRQn 1 */
    }

然后运行，结果没有问题。每启动一次HAL\_ADC\_Start\_DMA，就会采样一次，然后会在HAL\_ADC\_ConvCpltCallback中看到结果。开启与采样一一对应。

## 同样的代码在项目中无法运行 ##

我把同样的代码放到项目中去，发现运行根本没法和上面的一样，HAL\_ADC\_ConvCpltCallback只运行了一次，就死活没有第二次进入过。

因为我的工程太大了，完全去检查哪个的影响不太现实。反复调试后发现，如果在HAL\_ADC\_Start\_DMA前，把ADC\_CR2\_DMA（第8位）清0，则能再次进入HAL\_ADC\_ConvCpltCallback函数。

无独有偶，我在这里  
[https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/408907/stm32-adcdma-occurring-only-once][https_electronics.stackexchange.com_questions_408907_stm32-adcdma-occurring-only-once]  
也发现了同样的讨论，直接摘录结果如下，

I know it's late, but I'm going to put my answer here for other people's reference. I was using the STM HAL library and ran into this problem. The HAL library had the same bug as the code above.

To solve it, either:

1.  Set the `CR2_DDS` bit, as in the accepted answer. However this might cause overrun error, as data is continuously converted.
2.  Clear the `CR2_DMA` bit before setting it again (or call `ADC_HAL_Start_DMA`) to start the sampling again. This method should give you better control of when the sampling should be done.

在我的代码中，我没有理会DDS位，只是简单地在HAL\_ADC\_Start\_DMA前面添加了一句：

hadc3.Instance->CR2 &= ~ADC\_CR2\_DMA;  
HAL\_ADC\_Start\_DMA(&hadc3, ADC\_ConvertedValue, g\_def.NUM\_ADC\_CHANNELS);

发现一切回归正常，和预设的一样，问题解决。

[https_electronics.stackexchange.com_questions_408907_stm32-adcdma-occurring-only-once]: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/408907/stm32-adcdma-occurring-only-once